Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Program Appropriateness”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Stereotactic cingulotomy.

Cingulotomy can be helpful in certain patients with severe, disabling, and treatment-refractory major affective disorders, OCD, and chronic anxiety states. This form of psychosurgical treatment should only be carried out by an expert multidisciplinary team with experience in these disorders. Cingulotomy should be considered as one part of an entire treatment plan and must be followed by an appropriate psychiatric rehabilitation program. Many patients are greatly improved after cingulotomy, and the complications or side effects are few. Cingulotomy remains an important therapeutic option for disabling psychiatric disease and is probably underutilized.

Major Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed2002

Colorectal cancer surveillance for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Although the cumulative prevalence of colorectal cancer among patients with ulcerative colitis is similar to that among patients with sporadic colorectal cancer, the younger age of ulcerative colitis patients with cancer accounts for the age-specific relative risk. Approximately half of ulcerative colitis patients with colorectal cancer die from metastatic disease. Pancolitis of long duration and coexistent primary sclerosing cholangitis are strong risk factors for cancer that should prompt entry into cancer surveillance programs. When done appropriately, cancer surveillance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease can be very effective, and at a reasonable cost.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed2000

A national survey of sun safety activities at U.S. zoos.

Skin cancer incidence in the United States has increased. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major risk factor for skin cancer. Every year, millions of children with their families visit outdoor leisure facilities such as zoos where overexposure to UVR may occur. This study was conducted to assess the proportion of U.S. zoos that provided sun safety activities during the summer of 1998 and their willingness to incorporate skin cancer prevention strategies at their facility in the future. A 56 item self-administered questionnaire was mailed to 140 zoos accredited by the American Zoo and Aquarium Association. A follow-up telephone survey was also conducted with 33 mail non-respondents. The response rate was 97% (N = 136). Results revealed that in the summer of 1998, only 5% of zoos provided sun safety recommendations to visitors and 25% of zoos provided recommendations to their employees. The recommendations made most often to visitors and employees were to use sunscreen and wear protective clothing. Eighty-five percent of zoos indicated interest in providing sun safety activities at their facilities in the future. The next step will be to design environmentally appropriate sun safety programs for zoos and to encourage zoos to implement these programs.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Primer Prim'er: a web based server for automated primer design.

The Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium (NESG) is one of nine NIH-funded pilot projects created to develop technologies needed for structural studies of proteins on a genome-wide scale. One of the most challenging aspects of this emerging field is the production of protein samples amenable to structural determination. To do this efficiently, all steps in the protein production pipeline must be automated. Here we describe the Primer program (linked from http://www-nmr.cabm.rutgers.edu/bioinformatics, www-nmr.cabm.rutgers.edu/bioinformatics, a web-based primer design program freely available to the scientific community, which was created to automate this time consuming and laborious task. This program has the ability to simultaneously calculate plasmid specific primer sets for multiple open reading frame (ORF) targets, including 96-well and greater formats. Primer includes a library of commonly used plasmid systems and possesses the ability to upload user-defined plasmid systems. In addition to calculating gene-specific annealing regions for each target, the program also adds appropriate restriction endonuclease recognition or viral recombination sites while preserving a reading frame with plasmid based fusions. Primer has several useful features such as sorting calculated primer sets by target size, facilitating interpretation of PCR amplifications by agarose gel electrophoresis, as well as supplying the molecular biologist with many important characteristics of each target such as the expected size of the PCR amplified DNA fragment and internal restriction sites. The NESG has cloned over 1500 genes using oligonucleotide primers designed by Primer.

Computer-Aided Design↗
PubMed1977

Audiogenic seizures in curarized mice.

Previous experiments have indicated that interference with somatosensory feedback from convulsive movements may lessen the severity of audiogenic seizures in susceptible rodents. For further investigation of this phenomenon, mice were partially immobilized with tubocurarine chloride to attenuate convulsive movements and somatosensory input associated with such movements. In Experiment 1, seizures of mice injected with .15 mg/kg were evaluated behaviorally and compared with seizures of saline-injected litter-mates. The likelihood of clonic-tonic seizures in curarized mice was as high as that of control mice, although convulsive movements were somewhat less violent and seizure fatalities were markedly reduced. In Experiment 2, seizures of mice given .25 mg/kg were evaluated with electroencephalography, and records were compared with those of controls. Despite the near absence of behavioral signs of convulsions, electroencephalograms of curarized mice showed that audiogenic seizures readily occurred. The findings suggest that audiogenic seizures are centrally "programmed" and do not require feedback from convulsive movements. However, it may be possible to disrupt the central "program" by introducing appropriate somatosensory input not normally encountered during audiogenic seizures.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1997

Prevention of spinal cord injuries that occur in swimming pools.

The purpose of this study was to determine the usual circumstances surrounding spinal cord injuries that occur in swimming pools so that appropriate primary prevention programs targeted at high risk persons, activities, and environments could be developed and initiated. A sample of 341 persons enrolled in the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center database since 1973 whose injury was the result of a swimming pool mishap was identified. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively and a survey questionnaire was administered by telephone to 196 persons (57.5%) who were located and agreed to participate. Average age at time of injury was 24 years, 86% of injured persons were men, 95% were white, 70% were never married, 32% had less than a high school education, and only 7% were college graduates. Almost all injuries (87%) occurred in private/residential pools. Most injuries (57%) occurred when diving into less than 4 feet of water, while an additional 38% occurred at water depths between 4 and 8 feet. Depth indicators were not present in 75% of cases. There were no warning signs posted in 87% of cases. There was no lifeguard on duty in 94% of cases. There was self-reported alcohol involvement in 49% of cases, but drugs were involved in only 2% of cases. Almost half of all injuries (46%) occurred during parties. In 44% of cases, the injury occurred during the person's first visit to that particular pool. Ordinary dives accounted for 70% of cases, followed by unusual dives (17%), unintentional pushes (6%), and other circumstances (7%). Almost all injuries (88%) occurred between 1 pm and 1 am with the most frequent time of day being 6 pm, and 82% occurred during June, July or August. Over half (51%) of all injuries occurred on Saturday or Sunday. These results provide important clues to the development of a successful primary prevention program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Algorithms for the derivation of Flux and Concentration Control Coefficients.

A computer program is described that derives the Flux and Concentration Control Coefficients for linear and branched metabolic pathways. The program prompts the user to enter a concise description of the metabolic pathway. From this description, the program constructs the appropriate equations in matrix form. The algorithm employed to obtain the symbolic determinants is described, and this algorithm also provides a convenient method for manual derivation of the Control Coefficients. The computer-based method will accommodate unlimited feed-forward and feed-backward loops and a maximum of two branches from each metabolite on the main pathway. The utility of the method is illustrated with a linear path with feed-forward and feed-backward loops, and with a substrate cycle as an example of a path with two branches.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

[Ultrasound techniques in anesthesiology--guided vascular access using sonography].

In anaesthetic practise ultrasound can facilitate cannulation of veins and arteries not only in adults but also in children. It is the main advantage and safety feature of this technique, that the targeted vessels and the surrounding anatomical structures are visualized and that the needle is advanced under continuous observation. Moreover, its systematic use can reduce the rate of unsuccessful cannulation attempts, which can be caused by anatomical variations or thrombi, occluding the targeted vessel. Ultrasound guided vascular cannulation can decrease complication rates and might improve patients safety e.g. by avoiding puncture of the carotid artery. However, in order to pass on these potential benefits to the patient and justify the increased expenses related to the purchasing of preferably portable ultrasound systems, it is mandatory to offer an appropriate ultrasound training programs for physicians using this technique.

Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retention in methadone maintenance treatment programs, Connecticut and Massachusetts, 1990-1993.

The goal of this study was to identify factors associated with six- and 12-month retention in methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs) in Massachusetts and Connecticut. Data was obtained from 674 participants, clinic records, and clinic staff. Ethnographic and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Overall, 69% and 48% of the clients remained in treatment at six months and 12 months, respectively. The MMTPs were categorized as either a 12-Step, case management, or primary care model. Factors independently associated with retention in treatment at six months were each one-year increase in age of client (OR 1.05), injecting at three months (OR 0.47), and enrollment in the primary care model (OR 2.10). The same factors were associated with 12-month retention in treatment. To retain clients in MMTPs-which should, in turn, help reduce drug use and prevent HIV transmission among IDUs-younger IDUs and clients still injecting at three months after entering drug treatment may need additional services from the staff, or alternative treatment regimens. MMTP directors should consider differences between these programs and, if appropriate, make changes to increase retention in treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Decreased bone mineral density and fractures in low-income Korean women.

Low-income Korean community women were assessed for factors relating to decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures in order to determine appropriate health promotion programs. Factors associated with decreased BMD were menopause (OR=3.30, p<0.01), menarchal age (OR=2.01, p<0.05), thyroxin (T(4); OR=11.32, p<0.05), age (OR=2.19, p<0.1), marital status (OR=0.56, p<.01), oral contraceptive use (OR=2.18, p<.01), and tubal ligation (OR=3.30, p<0.1). The risk factors for fractures were earlier menarchal age (OR=13.15, p<0.05), urban residency (OR=0.75, p<0.05), and T(4) abnormality (OR=64.29, p<0.1). The beneficial factor for decreased incidence of fractures was physical activity (OR=40.94, p<0.05). The strategy recommended for fracture risk reduction programs is focused on the prevention of both decreased BMD and fractures. Continuous physical activity should be encouraged as well as reduction of risk factors including associated risk behaviors.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1996

Increasing mammography and breast self-examination in African American women using the Witness Project model.

BACKGROUND: The five-year survival rate for African American women with breast cancer is notably lower than the rate for white women; thus, appropriate cancer education and screening efforts are needed to increase mammography and breast self-examination practices by African American women. METHODS: The Witness Project is a theory-based intervention designed to provide culturally sensitive messages, from African American breast cancer survivors, in churches and community organizations. These messages emphasize the importance of early detection to improve survival. RESULTS: Intervention research in eastern Arkansas with 204 African American women demonstrated a significant increase in the practice of breast self-examination (p < 0.001) and mammography (p < 0.001) after participation in the Witness Project. There was no significant difference between the pre- and postintervention scores for scaled items for the health-belief model and locus of control. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate that culturally appropriate cancer education programs are able to change behavior by meeting the beliefs of participants rather than attempting to change their beliefs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Correlates of exercise maintenance among people with mobility impairments.

PURPOSE: This paper describes correlates of exercise maintenance in a sample of adults with mobility impairments. Understanding processes that promote exercise is important if one is to increase access to exercise for people with disabilities. METHOD: A model of variables predicting 6-month maintenance of regular exercise was examined, using data from a self-administered questionnaire given to a community sample of 113 adults with long-term mobility impairments. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression were used. RESULTS: Logistic regression showed that people with lower motivational barriers and higher exercise self-efficacy had a higher probability of exercise maintenance. Demographic characteristics and disability-related and environmental barriers did not differentiate between those who did and did not continue to exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term sustained exercise by people with mobility impairments might be promoted by efforts to increase motivation to exercise: involve health professionals as one source of support and expand opportunity by increasing access to appropriate sites and programming.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Expanding research on the role of alcohol consumption and related risks in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS.

This article is a review of some of the major epidemiological, behavioral, biological, and integrative prevention research issues and priorities in the area of HIV/AIDS and alcohol consumption. Drinking alcohol increases both the risk for infection with HIV and related illnesses and the morbidity and mortality of patients who progress to AIDS. New and improved measurement procedures have helped in assessment of the complex patterns of alcohol use, identification of intervening explanatory mechanisms for risk behaviors and contexts, and determination of intervention outcomes. Both the direct and indirect effects of alcohol misuse appear to be major contributors to both the risk for infection with HIV and the transmission of HIV/AIDS at the individual and population levels. There is increasing evidence that perhaps no level of alcohol consumption is "safe" for those who are HIV infected and receiving antiretroviral treatment. Interdisciplinary basic behavioral and biomedical research is needed to develop comprehensive culturally appropriate strategies for programs that can be effectively delivered in community contexts in the United States and abroad and that focus on the integration of our understanding of individual behaviors, high-risk group membership, biological mechanisms, and the social and physical environments that place individuals at risk for HIV infection. High-priority topics include improving adherence to antiretroviral medications, prevention of infection in young minority women in the United States, and treatment of HIV+ pregnant women who are alcohol abusers to prevent adverse fetal outcomes, which is an international focus in under-resourced settings in Africa.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2002

Psychosocial predictors of diet and acculturation in Chinese American and Chinese Canadian women.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of diet-related psychosocial constructs on the dietary practices of Chinese populations living in North America. DESIGN: Data are from a cross-sectional survey of 244 women of Chinese ethnicity living in Seattle, WA, USA and Vancouver, BC, Canada. Using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and PRECEDE/PROCEED as our model, we collected information on diet-related psychosocial (predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing) factors; consumption of foods reflecting Western and Chinese dietary practices; and past and current consumption of fruits, vegetables and fat. RESULTS: Participants generally believed that there were strong relationships between diet and health, but only about a quarter were aware of nutrition information from the government. Food cost, availability, and convenience did not appear to be major concerns among these participants. Respondents' older relatives and spouses tended to prefer a Chinese diet and also had a strong influence on the household diet. Associations of the psychosocial factors with demographic characteristics, adoption of Western dietary practices, and consumption of fruits and vegetables were informative. For example, older, less educated respondents considered it very important to eat a low fat, high fruit and vegetable diet; while younger, more educated participants who were employed outside the home did not think the Chinese diet is healthier than a typical Western diet (all p < 0.05). Western acculturated respondents were more likely to believe in a relationship between diet and cancer/heart disease and report that preparing Chinese meals is inconvenient (p < 0.05). Respondents with in-family normative pressure to maintain Chinese eating patterns ate more fruits and vegetables (4.4 vs 3.7 servings), while knowledge of nutrition information from the government was associated with increased fruit and vegetable consumption after immigration (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Chinese cultural beliefs play an important role in the dietary practices of Chinese living in North America. Therefore, traditional health beliefs, as well as socioeconomic and environmental factors related to diet should be incorporated into the design and implementation of culturally appropriate health promotion programs for Chinese immigrants.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1984

Oxygen deficiency hazards associated with liquefied gas systems: derivation of a program of controls.

The use of liquefied gases in industry and research has become commonplace. Release into the atmosphere of these gases will result in a displacement of air and a reduction in the oxygen concentration. Exposure to reduced levels of oxygen may cause reduced abilities, unconsciousness or death. This paper describes the derivation of a novel program of controls for oxygen deficiency hazards. The key to this approach is a quantitative assessment of risk for each planned operation and the application of control measures to reduce that risk to an acceptable level. Five risk levels evolve which are based on the probability of fatality. Controls such as training, oxygen monitoring equipment, self-rescue respirators and medical surveillance are required when the probability of fatality exceeds 10(-7) per hour. The quantitative nature of this program ensures an appropriate level of control without undue burden or expense.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1992

A probability model for assessing exposure among respirator wearers: Part II-Overexposure to chronic versus acute toxicants.

A model describing the lognormal total distribution of contaminant levels inside a respirator (CI) is applied to assessing the probability of toxicant overexposure among a population of respirator wearers; the model accounts for between-wearer and within-wearer variability in ambient exposure levels (CO) and decimal fraction respirator penetration (P) values. The three exceedance probabilities are defined as PrI, the proportion of all CI levels over the permissible exposure limit (PEL); PrII, the proportion of wearers with an arithmetic mean CI level over the PEL; and PrIII, the proportion of wearers with a 95th percentile CI value over the PEL. PrII is considered that fraction of the population overexposed to a chronic toxicant; PrIII is considered that fraction overexposed to an acute toxicant. The behavior of PrII and PrIII over a range of exposure parameters is explored. An important observation is that a respirator-wearing population can have a substantial fraction of toxicant overexposure even though two conditions are met: (1) the P values for the population satisfy the criterion for the assigned protection factor (APF); and (2) the population arithmetic mean CO level is at or below the maximum use concentration (MUC), defined as APF x PEL. The authors recommend that the current MUCs for air-purifying respirators be reduced by one-half to reduce the potential respirator-wearing population fraction of overexposure and that appropriate exposure surveillance programs for all wearers be mandated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

The public health surveillance of asthma.

Asthma is a highly prevalent disease that affects the quality of life of many people in the United States. Yet there is limited descriptive epidemiological understanding of the disease, particularly at the state and local levels. Minimal surveillance of asthma is occurring across the country. Surveillance of a disease requires that public health workers have the ability to accurately identify cases, have access to needed data, and have adequate resources so that they can collect, assess, report, and use the data-all considerable challenges in the case of asthma. We consider four groups of questions that asthma surveillance should address: (1) How much asthma is there and what are the trends in asthma occurrence over time? (2) How severe is the asthma and what are the trends in asthma severity over time? (3) How well is asthma controlled and what are the trends in asthma management over time? (4) What is the cost of asthma? Because wise decision making in public health depends on the availability of appropriate data for program planning, implementation, and evaluation, we encourage increased surveillance of asthma in jurisdictions across the country.

Asthma↗
PubMed2004

Prevention of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections using non-technologic strategies.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of nosocomial bacteremias related to the use of non-impregnated central venous catheters (CVCs) when only non-technologic strategies were used to prevent them. DESIGN: This was a prospective study of infectious complications of CVCs placed in intensive care unit (ICU) patients from April 1997 to December 2001. SETTING: The medical-surgical ICU of a tertiary-care, university-affiliated hospital in Argentina. METHODS: We studied all patients admitted to the ICU using non-impregnated CVCs. Maximal sterile barrier precautions (ie, use of cap, mask, sterile gown, sterile gloves, and large sterile drape), strict handwashing, preparation of the patients' skin with antiseptic solutions, insertion and management of catheters by trained personnel, and continuing quality improvement programs aimed at appropriate insertion and maintenance of catheters were employed. RESULTS: During the study period, 2,525 patients were admitted to the ICU. Eight hundred sixty-eight patients had 1,037 CVCs inserted. The number of CVC-related bloodstream infections (BSIs), acquired in the ICU, was 2.7 per 1,000 CVC-days (13 nosocomial CVC-related BSIs during 4,770 days of CVC use). Microorganisms isolated included methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (n = 6), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (n = 2), coagulase-negative methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (n = 2), Escherichia coli (n = 1), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1), and Enterobacter cloacae (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: A low rate of catheter-related BSI was achieved without antimicrobial-impregnated catheters. The incidence of CVC-associated bacteremias corresponded to the 10th to 20th percentile range of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System hospitals for the same type of ICU.

Adolescent↗