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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Midazolam syrup as a premedication to reduce the discomfort associated with pediatric intravenous catheter insertion.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated midazolam syrup for reducing discomfort from intravenous placement in children 9 months to 6 years. Parents and observers rated the child's discomfort by using visual analogue scales. Median parents' pain scores were significantly lower in the midazolam than the placebo group (P =.002). Midazolam effectively reduces discomfort associated with intravenous insertion.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

The use of chlorazepate for premedication on the night before surgery.

Chlorazepate, a long-acting benzodiazepine, allayed anxiety before operation, being superior to placebo in a double-blind study in which the drug was given the night before surgery. Long-term relief of apprehension before surgery by the administration of chlorazepate, combined with a narcotic analgesic when indicated, is advocated.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Oral clonidine premedication attenuates the hypertensive response to ketamine.

Clonidine diminishes sympathetic nervous system activity via a central action. To test if the haemodynamic responses to ketamine, a centrally acting sympathomimetic drug, are attenuated by clonidine, we studied arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) changes after ketamine 1 mg kg-1 in 40 normotensive patients undergoing general anaesthesia. They were allocated randomly to receive clonidine 5 micrograms kg-1 and famotidine 20 mg (n = 20) or to a control group (n = 20) which received only famotidine 20 mg orally 90 min before induction of anaesthesia. After administration of ketamine 1 mg kg-1 and vecuronium 0.2 mg kg-1, ventilation of the lungs was controlled with 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen to maintain end-tidal carbon dioxide at 4-4.7 kPa. AP and HR were measured noninvasively at 1-min intervals for 10 min after ketamine. After induction of anaesthesia, AP was increased significantly from resting values in the control group, but remained unchanged in the clonidine group (P < 0.05). Maximum changes in mean AP were also significantly greater in the control group compared with the clonidine group (29.2 (12.8) vs 19.5 (13.1) mm Hg, P = 0.02). However, no change in HR was noted throughout the 10-min study.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Effect of oral antihistamine premedication on mivacurium-induced histamine release and side effects.

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we have examined histamine release, haemodynamic and cutaneous effects of mivacurium administered in low (0.105 mg kg-1 = 1.5 x ED95) and high (0.21 mg kg-1 = 3 x ED95) doses and assessed if oral pretreatment with H1/H2 antagonists would blunt the effects of mivacurium-induced histamine release. Patients received either ranitidine 300 mg and dimethindene 0.1 mg kg-1 (H1 blocker) or placebo, orally 1 h before induction of anaesthesia. Twelve patients were allocated to each group. Although plasma concentrations of histamine increased significantly in three patients in the placebo group given low-dose mivacurium, the mean value for the group was unchanged. Plasma concentrations of histamine increased significantly in five patients in the placebo group after high-dose mivacurium and the mean value was increased. There was no consistent correlation between haemodynamic changes, cutaneous manifestations and histamine concentrations. Significant cardiovascular reactions occurred in six patients in the placebo groups and in only one patient treated with antihistamines.

Adolescent↗