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PubMed1987

The dexamethasone suppression test and prediction of outcome in patients receiving ECT.

Twenty-six in-patients satisfying DSM-III criteria for major depressive episode were assessed using the Newcastle Diagnostic and ECT Predictor Scales and the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), prior to commencing a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The Newcastle ECT Predictor Scale was successful in predicting both immediate outcome and outcome over the 6 months following ECT; the DST was unsuccessful in predicting either immediate or 6-month outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Three accounts of the learned helplessness effect.

Two experiments tested predictions drawn from test anxiety theory, learned helplessness theory, and Wortman and Brehm's (1975) integration of helplessness and reactance theories. Experiment 1 demonstrated that performance deficits predicted by learned helplessness do not rely on experimenter-induced failure. It also showed such deficits to be unrelated either to negative affect following exposure to pretreatment or to causal attributions about pretreatment task performance. Experiment 2 showed that experience of uncontrollability need not result in impaired performance, because failure on an unimportant task did not produce the deficits predicted by learned helplessness theory. This result provides qualified support for the integrative model. Finally, because the subjective measures used in Experiment 2 were not consistent with performance measures, the reliability of self-reports is questioned.

Achievement↗
PubMed1980

Failure of the bethanechol supersensitivity test to predict improved voiding after subcutaneous bethanechol administration.

Subcutaneous administration of 5 mg. bethanechol chloride did not change significantly either flow rates or percentage residual urine in 11 patients with a positive bethanechol supersensitivity test. Therefore, a positive response to this test cannot be used to predict improved voiding function after subcutaneous or oral administration of the drug. Studies that purport to show a long-term rather than a short-term facilitory effect of this agent on voiding must satisfy rigid criteria, which include totally excluding a change in any other factor affecting the lower urinary tract.

Bethanechol Compounds↗
PubMed2003

Stable microbubble test and click test to predict respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants not requiring ventilation at birth.

AIMS: To determine the usefulness of the stable microbubble test (SMT) and of the click test (CT) on gastric aspirates obtained soon after birth to predict respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm babies not requiring ventilation at birth. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was carried out with a cohort between 24 and 34 weeks of gestational age. Gastric secretions were collected before 1 hour of life and frozen for further analysis. RESULTS: 110 neonates were studied. For a cut-off value 10 microbubbles/mm2 (mb/mm2) the sensitivity and specificity to predict RDS were 73.9 % and 92%, respectively, in the SMT. The best SMT cut-off point to predict RDS was < or = 15 mb/mm2 (sensitivity = 82.6% specificity = 85.1%) if equal weight was given to false-positive and false-negative results. CT (104 samples) showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 45.1% to predict RDS. The overall accuracy of the SMT was better than the overall accuracy of the CT (87.5% vs. 64.4%; p < 0.001) to predict RDS. CONCLUSIONS: The SMT is more accurate than the CT to predict RDS in infants below 35 weeks of gestational age and may be helpful to select patients to receive surfactant.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed2002

Systematic quantitative overviews of the literature to determine the value of diagnostic tests for predicting acute appendicitis: study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Suspected acute appendicitis is the most frequent cause for emergency operations in visceral surgery worldwide. In approximately twenty percent of all cases however, the diagnosis is incorrect and patients undergo surgery without having acute appendicitis. Operations of bland appendices put patients at risk and entail a serious waste of resources. Several highly accurate tests have been introduced to diagnose acute appendicitis. The false positive rate however, has not changed over the last twenty years. Given the variation that exists in both practice and research, the uncertainty regarding the quality of the underlying evidence, there is a clear need for comprehensive, systematic and quantitative overviews of the diagnostic value of the various tests purported to be predictive of acute appendicitis. METHODS: Literature will be identified searching general bibliographic databases (MEDLINE and EMBASE), specialist computer databases (DARE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, conference proceedings, MEDION, SCISEARCH, BIOSIS) without language restrictions. We will contact experts and the manufacturers of tests. Hand-searching will complete our searches. Identified articles will be selected according to populations, tests, outcomes and study design. Papers meeting the selection criteria will be appraised to rate their methodological quality. Analysis will include exploration of heterogeneity in results. We will conduct meta-analyses to generate summary estimates of test accuracy measures and summary ROC curves where appropriate. If meta-analysis is considered to be inappropriate, we will describe the identified evidence in the context of appraised quality. DISCUSSION: These reviews should lead to formulation of recommendations for current practice and future research.

Appendicitis↗
PubMed2002

Effects of death within 11 years on cognitive performance in old age.

Six different cognitive tests and the Heck Depression Inventory (BDI) were given to 3,572 active community residents aged 49 to 93 years. Causes of death were ascertained for 443 who died between 36 and 3,903 days later. Subsequent survival predicted test scores during the 3,903 days and independently during Days 36 to 1,826 and Days 1,827 to 3,903. Scores on the BDI and cumulative verbal learning and vocabulary tests predicted mortality after demographics and performance on other cognitive tests had been considered. Predictors were similar for deaths from heart disease, malignancies, and other causes. A new finding that cognitive tests did not predict survival duration within the sample of deceased explains previous findings of greater terminal decline in performance for young than for elderly adults.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of the Tru-Trax cervical mucus penetration test in predicting fertilization and pregnancy rates in in-vitro fertilization.

To evaluate the role of the Tru-Trax cervical mucus penetration testing of prognosis of patient performance in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and to examine its use as a possible screening test prior to IVF, 133 couples presenting with infertility prospectively underwent in-vitro cervical mucus penetration testing. Of these, 66 couples subsequently underwent IVF. The penetration distance of the vanguard spermatozoa in both human and bovine mucus was compared to the fertilization and pregnancy rates during IVF. The fertilization rates in couples with normal human mucus penetration (n = 42, 80.6%) were higher than those with abnormal scores (n = 24, 49.6%; P < 0.001). Similarly, the fertilization rates in those couples with normal bovine mucus penetration (n = 50, 77.5%) were higher than those with abnormal results (n = 16, 40.0%; P < 0.001). Fertilization rates and penetration scores were highly correlated for both human (r = 0.66; P < 0.0001) and bovine (r = 0.66; P < 0.0001) mucus. However, the predictive value of an abnormal result for failed fertilization was poor for both human and bovine penetration, since 83.33 and 81.25% fertilized respectively. Pregnancy rates did not differ among couples with normal and abnormal penetrations. In conclusion, in-vitro cervical mucus penetration testing was highly correlated with fertilization rates in IVF. However, the poor predictive value of an abnormal result may limit the value of this test for generalized pretreatment screening.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Importance of the first two minutes of heart rate recovery after exercise treadmill testing in predicting mortality and the presence of coronary artery disease in men.

We retrospectively analyzed exercise treadmill and coronary angiographic data of 2,193 men to compare heart rate (HR) recovery with angiographic and mortality data during a follow-up study of 7 +/- 2.7 years. Only the first 2 minutes of HR recovery predicted mortality (p <0.001), and the HR decrease during the second minute of recovery predicted the presence of coronary artery disease (p <0.05).

Coronary Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A test for predicting propensity of activated sludge to acute filamentous bulking.

Filamentous bulking is a solid-liquid separation problem well known to activated-sludge plant operators. The use of curative additives is a rather delicate solution and the tools developed to anticipate it seem limited. To complement existing sludge sedimentation monitoring tools, a new test to assess the propensity of activated sludge for filamentous bulking was developed. It consists of challenging the sludges by feeding them under conditions favoring filamentous bacteria for 24 hours. The effects of such an acute treatment on sludge settleability is subsequently assessed through a simple sludge volume (SV30) measurement with reference to a control. The sludge can then be evaluated as prone to bulking (unstable sludge) or not (stable sludge). Such a test can be used to predict the occurrence of filamentous bulking in activated-sludge treatment plants. This so-called acute bulking test requires simple equipment and can be done by any wastewater treatment plant operator.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1981

Diagnosis of iron deficiency: the limitations of laboratory tests in predicting response to iron treatment in 1-year-old infants.

This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of laboratory tests for iron deficiency (mean corpuscular volume, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin) in predicting hemoglobin response to iron therapy in infants found to have low Hgb concentrations. Screening for anemia was performed on capillary blood of 1,128 healthy 1-year-old infants of United States Air Force personnel. The 25% who had Hgb values less than 11.5 gm/dl were asked to return for tests on venous blood before therapy and again after three months of therapy. Of the 188 infants completing therapy, 66 (35%) had a rise in Hgb concentration greater than or equal to 1.0 gm/dl and were designated responders. None of the confirmatory tests on venous blood reliably distinguished responders from those who subsequently showed no response. By using any one of the tests in combination with a capillary Hgb value less than 11.5 gm/dl, more than half of the infants with an abnormal value responded. But well over half of the responders would have been missed if treatment had been restricted to infants with abnormal values. Neither changes in the criteria for normality nor combinations of tests substantially improved our ability to distinguish the two groups. Because of the difficulty in distinguishing responders from nonresponders with additional laboratory tests and because of the simplicity, low cost, and relative safety of iron therapy in infants, we favor an initial therapeutic trial of iron first for determining the cause of low Hgb values in similar high-risk populations. Further costly workup can then be reserved for the small number of infants who still have unexplained Hgb concentrations less than 11.0 gm/dl after a therapeutic trial.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed2004

Awareness of breast cancer genetics and interest in predictive genetic testing: a survey of a southern Italian population.

BACKGROUND: Before starting a molecular screening program for breast cancer risk and in order to develop ad hoc educational strategies, a population survey in Apulia, Italy, was performed to gather information on women's awareness of breast cancer genetics and their attitude toward genetic testing for breast cancer risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 677 healthy women with or without a family history of breast cancer, who attended the outpatient clinics of Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori in Bari, Italy, for preventive visits, were asked to complete a 20-item questionnaire on socio-demographics, risk perception, psychological characteristics and interest in genetic testing for breast cancer predisposing genes. RESULTS: Most women (77%) reported knowing something about the genetics of breast cancer; only 7% of the women were not interested at all in genetic testing. These figures were not significantly different for women with or without a family history of breast cancer. The two most frequently cited reasons for being interested in genetic testing, accounting for more than 50% of collected responses, were 'to learn about your children's risk' and 'to help advance research'. On multiple logistic regression analysis, only older age [odds ratio (OR) 1.9; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-2.9] was associated with women's knowledge of genetic testing. Moreover, marital status (OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.1-14.6) and thinking of cancer (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.0-4.7) independently predicted the interest in having genetic testing. CONCLUSIONS: Southern Italian women seem highly interested in genetic testing for breast cancer risk. However, their expectations mainly regard their concerns about their children or their altruistic need to help research rather than the idea of a direct clinical benefit. The great interest of the women in genetic testing probably reflects their inappropriate knowledge of the information that genetic testing can provide for breast cancer risk analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The value of preoperative exercise testing in predicting long-term survival in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery.

To determine whether preoperative exercise testing adds important independent prognostic information in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery, 35 variables were analyzed in 1241 patients enrolled in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study registry. All patients underwent a treadmill exercise test before bypass surgery and were followed for up to 7 years. Survival in this surgical cohort was 90.6% (1124 of 1241). Multivariate stepwise dicriminant analysis identified the left ventricular score and the final exercise stage achieved as the two most important (p less than .001) independent predictors of postoperative survival. In a subgroup of 416 patients with three-vessel coronary disease and preserved left ventricular function, the probability of postoperative survival at 7 years ranged from 95% for those patients able to exercise to stage 4 to 83% for those whose ability was limited to stage 1 of exercise. Thus, the preoperative exercise test, by assessing the functional capacity of the cardiovascular system, is an important independent predictor of postoperative survival.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed2006

Using the glucagon test to predict hypoglycemia in anorexia nervosa.

BACKGROUND: Hypoglycemia is an important but uncommon complication of anorexia nervosa (AN) that usually occurs when refeeding begins. The response to an iv bolus of glucagon has been used to investigate hypoglycemia, but not in AN. There are no published standards in AN to screen for hypoglycemia, to treat hypoglycemia, or for the response of the fasting blood sugar to an intravenous bolus of glucagon. METHOD: We report the change in blood glucose that resulted from bolus iv injection of glucagon in a case series of 9 patients with AN who were suspected of having experienced hypoglycemia. Our standard protocol for the glucagon test in AN is measurement of blood sugar at baseline, 10 minutes, and 20 minutes following a 1.0 mg iv bolus of glucagon in the fasting state. We take as normal any blood glucose measurement of 7.0 mmol/l or greater. RESULTS: Five of nine patients had abnormal tests. The body mass index (BMI) was not different in those who had normal compared to those who had abnormal tests. CONCLUSION: The glucagon test may be of use to predict the likelihood of developing hypoglycemia in AN. However, a larger study is required to define the normal response to the glucagon test in AN.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The sperm penetration test (P-test) can predict fecundability in the male partner from infertile couples.

Three hundred and twenty-one consecutive couples were investigated for infertility at Hvidovre University Hospital in the period from November 1977 to June 1985. The male partners were evaluated in two ways: the classical semen analysis, and the ability of sperm to penetrate fresh hen egg white, the P-test. A Cox regression analysis was used to describe the relation between these variables and fecundability, i.e. the time required to conceive. Four of thirteen variables--the number of morphologically normal spermatozoa, the number of motile spermatozoa, the P-test, and the man's age--each have significant relation to the fecundability. However, when covariation is considered, only the P-test and the man's age possess significant prognostic information, whereas the variables of the classical semen analysis do not. This indicates that the P-test may replace the classical semen analysis when trying to predict individual pregnancy probabilities. Finally, the P-test and the man's age are combined to form a prognostic index which predicts the fecundability of the male partner in the individual infertile couple.

Adult↗