Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Paromomycin”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

R plasmids coding for gentamicin, tobramycin, and carbenicillin resistance in Serratia, Klebsiella and Escherichia coli strains from a single clinical source.

Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella sp. and Escherichia coli strains bearing transferable resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, namely, gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, lividomycin, and carbenicillin, as well as to a series of more classical drugs, began to emerge in materials from the Frankfurt University Hospital. Plasmids from Serratia, Klebsiella, and E. coli exhibit a broad host range in that they are transferable to E. coli, Proteus mirabilis and Salmonella typhimurium receipients. They are not transferable to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, although in that species plasmids of gentamicin and tobramycin resistance, was well as of resistance to further drugs, were detected in that area as early as in 1973. High-level carbenicillinase has been identified in Serratia and Klebsiella plasmids associated with drug resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of the myocardial depressant effects of several aminoglycoside antibiotics.

The myocardial depressant action of aminoglycosides has been known for a number of years but there was no available data on newer derivatives. We have thus studied the contractile responses of isolated guinea pig left atria to increasing concentrations of gentamicin, tobramycin, lividomycin and amikacin (0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.13, 0.17 and 0.22 mM). Our results are consistent with those of previous workers and show that newer aminoglycosides do exert a similar depressant action. As gentamicin and tobramycin are more depressant than lividomycin, then amikacin at similar concentrations, no clear-cut difference was obtained when respecting a relative range of concentrations mimicking that of clinical situations. However, these depressant effects were attained using concentrations far exceeding those reached in man.

Amikacin↗
PubMed2006

The frequency of translational misreading errors in E. coli is largely determined by tRNA competition.

Estimates of missense error rates (misreading) during protein synthesis vary from 10(-3) to 10(-4) per codon. The experiments reporting these rates have measured several distinct errors using several methods and reporter systems. Variation in reported rates may reflect real differences in rates among the errors tested or in sensitivity of the reporter systems. To develop a more accurate understanding of the range of error rates, we developed a system to quantify the frequency of every possible misreading error at a defined codon in Escherichia coli. This system uses an essential lysine in the active site of firefly luciferase. Mutations in Lys529 result in up to a 1600-fold reduction in activity, but the phenotype varies with amino acid. We hypothesized that residual activity of some of the mutant genes might result from misreading of the mutant codons by tRNA(Lys) (UUUU), the cognate tRNA for the lysine codons, AAA and AAG. Our data validate this hypothesis and reveal details about relative missense error rates of near-cognate codons. The error rates in E. coli do, in fact, vary widely. One source of variation is the effect of competition by cognate tRNAs for the mutant codons; higher error frequencies result from lower competition from low-abundance tRNAs. We also used the system to study the effect of ribosomal protein mutations known to affect error rates and the effect of error-inducing antibiotics, finding that they affect misreading on only a subset of near-cognate codons and that their effect may be less general than previously thought.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1975

Endotracheal antibiotics for the prevention of tracheobronchial infections in tracheotomized unconscious patients. A comparative study of gentamicin and aminosidin-polymyxin B combination.

Endotracheal administration of gentamicin has been compared to the endotracheal administration of aminosidin plus polymyxin B as a preventive measure against tracheobronchial infections in 25 and 22 tracheotomized patients respectively who had been admitted to a neurosurgical unit. Both series were comparable as far as underlying disease, duration of hospitalization, surgical therapy. Both regimens were similarly effective from the bacteriologic and clinical points of view. Both regimens were similarly effective in preventing colonization of bronchial secretions by potential pathogens and were associated with a similar frequency of infectious episodes (eight in each group). The use of aminosidin-polymyxin B combination was associated with a lower incidence of emergence of gentamicin resistant strains, but the endotracheal administration of gentamicin was better tolerated than that of the combination. It is concluded that the combination of aminosidin-polymyxin is a useful alternative to gentamicin for the prevention of bronchopulmonary infections in unconscious tracheotomized patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum).

The genetic transformation of opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, offers the opportunity to study the mechanisms involved in the regulation of benzylisoquinoline and morphinan alkaloid biosynthesis. The development of an efficient transformation protocol for opium poppy has allowed us to transform a range of genotypes from all around the world, including previously recalcitrant high-yielding commercial Australian cultivars. The method involves Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection of hypocotyl explants, followed by the production of antibiotic or herbicide resistant embryogenic callus, the subsequent induction of somatic embryos and development into normal plants. The use of different selective agents, binary vectors, and poppy genotypes has demonstrated the robustness and reliability of this protocol in the production of many hundreds of confirmed transgenic poppies.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens↗
PubMed2003

Cutaneous leishmaniasis: current and future management.

Leishmaniasis remains a major world health problem that continues to increase in incidence. This review considers epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and current treatment options. Recent developments in the treatment of simple cutaneous leishmaniasis are discussed followed by speculation about future therapies.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed2004

Progress in the treatment of a neglected infectious disease: visceral leishmaniasis.

Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) is a disseminated intracellular protozoal infection. Most cases (90%) occur in the rural regions of five countries: India, Sudan, Nepal, Bangladesh and Brazil. As with other infectious diseases embedded in high-level poverty, developing and/or delivering new treatments for visceral leishmaniasis had been painfully slow or nonexistent. However, despite persistent unresolved obstacles (e.g., drug affordability), renewed interest in visceral leishmaniasis and numerous successful treatment trials have combined to turn a therapeutic corner in the past 5 years, yielding new alternatives to conventional pentavalent antimony. Advances include the use of low-cost generic pentavalent antimony, rediscovery of amphotericin B, short-course regimens via lipid formulations of amphotericin B, retesting injectible paromyomycin and, of clear-cut importance, identifying miltefosine (Impavido, Zentaris) as the first effective oral therapy for this neglected disease.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effectiveness of aminosidine sulphate in severe visceral leishmaniasis, resistant to the treatment with pentavalent antimony].

A grave kala-azar infection in a 14 years old boy is described. The leishmanial infection failed to respond to ten interrupted courses of glucantime of variable duration (14-56 days) at a dose of 20mg Sb5/kg/day. However a favorable response occurred to intramuscular aminosidine sulphate (20mg/kg/day) for 20 days. This same regimen was repeated 20 days later. After the first treatment splenic puncture parasite density fell from 50 amastigotes per oil immersion field to 3 amastigotes in 10 fields. A further splenic puncture 7 months after treatment was negative. The marked hepatoesplenomegaly gradually resolved over 26 months follow up and he gained 13 kilograms in weight. After aminosidine sulphate therapy his Montenegro reaction become positive and his lymphocytes responded to leishmania antigens.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative study of meglumine antimoniate, pentamidine isethionate and aminosidine sulfate in the treatment of primary skin lesions caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis].

With the aim of comparing the therapeutic efficacy, tolerability and toxicity of meglumine antimoniate, aminosidine sulphate and pentamidine isethionate, a field study was conducted on randomized treatment of patients with primary cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (L(V)b), in Corte de Pedra, BA, from October 1992 up to January 1993. Forty six patients were treated and distributed into three groups, two with 15 and one with 16 subjects. All patients were submitted to clinical examination, histopathological and immunological investigations, as diagnostic criterium. All patients were treated by intramuscular route. Group 1 received pentamidine 4 mg/kg/every 2 days, for 8 applications; Group 2 received aminosidine 20 mg/kg/day, for 20 days, and Group 3 received meglumine 10 mg Sbv/kg/day, for 20 days. Failure of therapy was defined as ulceration of the skin lesion four months after treatment. Such failure occurred in five cases as follows: two cases in patients of group 1 one case in patients of group 2, and two cases in group 3, after the first year of follow up. In the evaluation after three years we reviewed fifteen patients, five in each group; except for one in Group 3, all of them were cured. Statistical significance of the results between the three schedules used was not verified.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Open therapeutic study with aminosidine sulfate in mucosal leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis].

From September to November 1994. 21 patients with active mucosal leishmaniasis were treated with aminosidine sulphate 16 mg/kg/day by intramuscular injection for 20 days. They were principally adult male agricultural workers. Thirteen patients had not received specific treatment and eight had failed to respond to Glucantime therapy. Diagnosis was based on clinical and epidemiological observations, a search for the parasite, leishmanin skin sensitivity and indirect fluorescent antibody serological tests. Sixty seven percent of patients had leishmania parasites isolated from inoculated hamsters or visualized in imprints or histopathological sections. The mean follow-up period was 12.6 months. All patients completed treatment. Side effects were pain at the injection site (86%); mild proteinuria (24%), elevated serum creatinine (.5%) and subclinical bearing loss in one of two patients who did audiometric tests. Clinical cure was achieved in 48% and the accumulated relapse rate was 29% (4/14).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Measurement of the volume of the skin ulcer in cutaneous leishmaniasis].

Skin ulcers by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis are often deep and irregular and are difficult to measure by just the skin surface transverse and longitudinal diameters. The proposal is to mould the cavity, after local asepsis with fresh water plus soap, with a gelatinous plastic which contains silence, potassium alginate, calcium sulphate, magnesium oxide commercialized under the name of jeltrate (Dentsply Laboratory), by solving 9.5g of jeltrate in 20ml of fresh water and applying the gel on the ulcer which solidifies in 5 minutes. This mould is then filled with a self polymerising acrylic and its volume measured either by weight (by using an analytical balance)-technique 1-or by water displacement by applying Archimeds'principle-technique 2. We show data in a field trial before and after 20 days treatment in 20 patients using three different schedules as follows: 7 received pentamidine isethionate, 7 patients received aminosidine sulphate and 6 received meglumine antimoniate. The results point out that there was a uniform reduction of ulcer volume occurred during this period in the three groups, in both technique. Regarding the therapeutic schedules we are sure that there was a significant statistical difference between the three schedules using the T Student Test, which showed that aminostdine sulphate produced a better volume reduction of the ulcer than the other drugs. Serial moulds reflect clinical billing and are a permanent record. We conclude that the measure of the volume of the skin ulceration can be useful in the therapeutic evaluation, as a practical and cheap procedure, and may be used in field trials.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis with aminosidine sulfate: results of two year follow-up].

In 1996, 20 of 21 patients with mucosal leishmaniasis, treated in 1994 with aminosidine sulfate, 16mg/kg/day salt, by intramuscular injection for 20 days, were clinically evaluated. One patient died due to disease not related to mucosal leishmaniasis. Seven of 14 patients (66.7% N = 21) who achieved complete remission three months after treatment remained clinically cured 24 months later and seven relapsed in the same period (50% N = 14). Sorological follow-up showed poor correlation with the results of clinical examination.

Amebicides↗
PubMed1975

Antibacterial Drugs today: II.

Since the development of the sulphonamides in the 1930s and the subsequent development of antibiotics from the 1940s onwards, there have now been many drugs developed which are capable of chemotherapeutic activity in a patient infected by a susceptible micro-organism. This review is concerned with precise descriptions of important groups of antimicrobial drugs, with emphasis being placed on the more recently developed drugs. With each group of drugs the pharmacology, major therapeutic indications, dosages and adverse reactions are discussed. Part II of the review discusses the cephalosporins, polymyxins and aminoglycosides. The place of each in therapy is defined.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1995

Rifaximin. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential in conditions mediated by gastrointestinal bacteria.

Rifaximin is a derivative of rifamycin which acts by inhibiting bacterial ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. It is virtually unabsorbed after oral administration; thus it is used primarily to treat local conditions within the gastrointestinal tract. In vitro data indicate rifaximin possesses good activity against species of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus but lesser activity against species of Enterobacteriaceae. Bacterial resistance during exposure to rifaximin has been reported but its clinical importance remains to be fully defined. Results of comparative trials demonstrate that rifaximin is similar in efficacy to neomycin and lactulose in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and appears to be better tolerated. In 1 study, cyclical administration of rifaximin for 15 days per month was associated with progressive improvement over a 3-month period. In patients with infectious diarrhoea, rifaximin induces more rapid improvement in stool consistency and decreased frequency of faecal evacuations when compared with placebo, and is similar in efficacy to neomycin. Available data suggest rifaximin may be of some use in acute diverticulitis, but its use for the prevention of inflammatory complications or for control of common symptoms of diverticulosis requires further study. Preoperative treatment with rifaximin as antibacterial prophylaxis in colorectal surgery shows some potential but should be further investigated. Overall, rifaximin may be useful as an alternative therapy in hepatic encephalopathy but more data are needed to better define its clinical potential in infectious diarrhoea, diverticular disease and as antibacterial prophylaxis prior to colorectal surgery.

Diarrhea↗