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[Practical proposals for overcoming problems with phlebography].

Venography is considered the gold standard in the diagnosis of venous disease. In the everyday practice, however, it is not used according to this attribute. The article scrutinizes the reasons for the discrepancy, emphasizes the possibilities wrongly renounced to and gives advice to a better indication for and execution of venography. Arguments not to use venography regularly to diagnose or exclude deep venous thrombosis, include claims that it would be superfluous, not readily available, invasive and expensive. Such considerations do not take into account that the clinical diagnosis it not better than tossing a coin. Real difficulties may occur in the evaluation of complicated superficial disease and the postthrombotic syndrome. The problems are minimized by using a methodology based on pathophysiologic knowledge and strictly aimed to solve specific therapeutic questions. The article stresses the need for a proper prevenographic work-up and for a technique tailored to the clinical situation of each individual patient.

Humans↗

[Selective dynamic phlebography of the calf].

Videotape illustrating a few functional phlebographic aspects of the venous network of the calf. Description of sequences and techniques used during the study of the lateral saphenous vein, popliteal vein, gemellar veins as well as the perforating gemellar vein.

Humans↗

[Phlebodynamometry studies in patients with chronic venous insufficiency and phlebography verified insufficiency of muscle veins].

23 patients with complaints in the sense of a chronic venous insufficiency were examined by means of phlebodynamometry, who phlebographically did not show any postthrombotic changes of the deep conducting veins, but had clear signs of an insufficiency of the muscle veins stage I-III. Cases with isolated insufficiency of the muscle veins (n = 5) and combination forms with additional insufficiency of the conducting veins and/or superficial varicosis (long and short saphenous veins) were found. Measured at the decrease of pressure (delta-p) after exercise in the combined forms the epifascial varicosis has the greatest haemodynamic effects. The isolated findings of an insufficiency of the muscle veins with or without additional insufficiency of the conducting veins has apparently only smaller haemodynamic effects. For the isolated insufficiency of the muscle veins normal limit values for delta-p could still be measured, which also could only insignificantly be bettered by application of a tourniquet. This knowledge is important for therapy planning.

Humans↗

[Phlebography].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗

[Role of gonadal phlebography in the diagnosis of cryptorchidism].

The authors describe the diagnostic procedures for testicular localization in patients with non palpable undescended testes. They consider the procedures as invasive and non invasive. The first procedures include ultrasonography, C.T. and N.M.R., the second ones laparoscopy, selective arteriography and venography of the spermatic vessels. Anatomy of spermatic venous system and catheterization techniques are described. Conclusions are that when non invasive procedures fail to localize the testis, gonadal venography is the procedure of choice for the correct diagnosis. Preoperative testicular localization often reduces the extent of surgical exploration and the anesthesia time. These patients have to undergo surgical treatment also when gonadal venography shows a blinding end vein in the inguinal canal, because of the intra-abdominal testis possible degeneration.

Adolescent↗