Home exercises for convergence insufficiency in children.
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Child↗
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Results of pleoptics in the management of amblyopia with eccentric fixation.
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Amblyopia↗
Horizontal fusional amplitudes and versions. Comparison in parents of strabismic and nonstrabismic children.
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Child↗
Home exercises for amblyopia.
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Amblyopia↗
Recession of the lateral recti. Effect of Preoperative fusion and distance-near relationship.
The importance of both preoperative fusion and the distance-near alignment relationship to the results of recession of the lateral recti for correction of exodeviation was studied. Satisfactory alignment was achieved after this procedure in 78% of patients with constant exodeviation and 80% of patients with intermittent exodeviation. In each fusion status, initial overcorrection of up to 20 prism diopters gave the highest percentage of good results (constant exodeviation patients, 88%; intermittent, 89%). Fifty-six percent of the satisfactorily realigned constant exodeviation patients and 69% of intermittent exodeviation patients remained satisfactorily realigned over an average follow-up interval of five years. If convergence insufficiency was present, satisfactory realignments noted at five to eight weeks could be maintained thereafter in 40% of patients. Where there was no preoperative convergence insufficiency, satisfactory results were maintained in 64% of patients with "high" and 68% of patients with "normal" distance-near ratios.
Follow-Up Studies↗
An improved method of fitting resultant prism in treatment of two-axis strabismus.
A new chart determines resultant prism power and angle when correction of combined horizontal and vertical deviation with a single prism, set at an angle intermediate between horizontal and vertical, is desired. The chart is based on a derivation so weighted as never to permit a vertical error greater than one tenth as large as the associated horizontal error, with use of commercially available sizes of plastic Fresnel-type prisms. This weighting takes into account differences in horizontal and vertical fusional reserves. A compass rose facilitates proper alignment of the prisms.
Humans↗
Treatment of intermittent exotropia.
To study the long-range results of surgically treated intermittent exotropia, 100 consecutive patients have been followed up for an average of 6.1 years. In all cases, the initial procedure was bilateral recession of the lateral rectus muscles. The overall functional cure rate was 78%. To accomplish this result, 27 patients were operated on a second time, 21 for undercorrection and six for overcorrection. A number of patients cooperated very poorly or were lost to follow-up while still under treatment. Had these patients been eliminated from the series, the cure rate would have been greater than 90%. In this study, bilateral recession of the lateral rectus muscles corrected the distant measurement more than the near measurement only with the divergence excess type of deviation. Also, this procedure was not notably more effective with divergence excess than with basic-type intermittent exotropia.
Adolescent↗
Prognosis for vision in amblyopia after the loss of the good eye.
Two hundred three cases of unilateral amblyopia with the loss of the good eye included 59 taken from literature and 144 obtained from a questionnaire sent to ophthalmologists. The improvement noted in both sources was quite different: 47.5% v 28.5%. Because the cases from the questionnaire constituted a much more random selection than those from the literature, the former serve as a basis for discussion and conclusions. In 17.4% of the cases improvement was obtained without treatment. This result is closely linked to the existence of foveal fixation (93.7%). In 11.1% of the cases, the improvement was obtained with pleoptic treatment. The important prognostic factors were the existence of foveal fixation and the loss of the good eye. Pleoptic treatment was valuable in our sample, especially for patients with eccentric fixation.
Adolescent↗
Visual acuity results following treatment of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.
The visual acuity outcome of patients with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) was reviewed. A total of 48 patients with the diagnosis of PHPV were seen at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, from 1971 through 1984. Twenty-five patients were managed nonsurgically, of which 23 had a poor visual acuity outcome (less than or equal to 5/200). Two with mild cases had visual acuities of 20/100 and 20/30. Twenty-three patients were treated surgically. Five of these had no further postoperative rehabilitation. Eighteen patients underwent surgery and aggressive optical and occlusion therapy. Eight of these 18 patients (44%) had postoperative visual acuities of 20/200 or better. These eight patients represent 17% of the study population. Therefore, lensectomy-membranectomy procedures for the purpose of effecting visual development are reasonable therapeutic options in patients with PHPV in whom the findings are primarily anterior in nature, surgery is performed at an early age, and aggressive amblyopia therapy is instituted.
Amblyopia↗
Prism adaptation in acquired esotropia.
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Adaptation, Ocular↗