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PubMed1993

Cutaneous fibroses induced by Borrelia burgdorferi.

Three cases of chronic infection with Borrelia burgdorferi are described. The patients presented with nodular or discoid fibrosis, partly in conjunction with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA). Juxta-articular fibrotic nodules may develop within a few months of the onset of ACA. Nodular, discoid morphoea-like, and widespread cutaneous fibroses in chronic Borrelia infection may be provoked by trauma, surgery or electromagnetic radiation. They respond well to antibiotic therapy. These lesions offer an in vivo model for studying the evolution of immunologically induced fibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Tissue eosinophilia and Leishmania mexicana mexicana eosinophil interactions in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Outbred albino mice were infected subcutaneously with 10(6) amastigotes of Leishmania mexicana mexicana and the subsequent lesions were evaluated by light and electron microscopy at various intervals after infection. The animals developed persistent nodules and a spectrum of lesions of variable size which was correlated with the host's ability to control the parasite in the tissue. During the acute phase of the disease the histopathological results showed an accumulation of granulocytes, some mononuclear phagocytes and a predominance of eosinophils as compared to other cell types. In this early acute phase, eosinophils were found in the tissue together with normal and degranulating mast cells. In the granulomatous inflammatory reaction of the chronic phases, there was infiltration of granulocytes parallel to parasite multiplication and the formation of parasitized vacuolated macrophages. The number of eosinophils was consistently greater than neutrophils, regardless of lesion type or number of parasites present in the tissue. During the acute reaction, the granulocytes apparently destroyed many parasites; however, there was an unvaryingly low level of phagocytosis of amastigotes during the chronic stages by both eosinophils and neutrophils. Neutrophils seemed to be more effective than eosinophils in the killing of ingested parasites. A close association between eosinophils and parasitized macrophages was seen in the chronic lesions; thus, eosinophils might contribute to parasite destruction through co-operation with macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala jeanselmei after renal transplantation.

A 60-year-old man who had had a renal transplantation developed a nodule on the dorsum of his right middle finger, which was subsequently diagnosed as cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala jeanselmei. The patient was successfully treated with 5-fluorocytosine. To our knowledge, this case is the third reported case in the world caused by this species in a postrenal transplant patient that manifested as phaeohyphomycosis.

Dermatomycoses↗
PubMed1990

Myelofibrosis discovered after diagnosis of Sweet's syndrome.

Multiple edematous plaques and nodules suddenly developed on the face and neck of a 26-year-old man whose physical examination was said to be normal Because the patient's condition fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of Sweet's syndrome, a further general medical examination and hematologic evaluation were performed. Extensive myelofibrosis was revealed by bone marrow biopsy. This case supports the belief that Sweet's syndrome is a reactive phenomenon. Because myelofibrosis was discovered in this patient after Sweet's syndrome was diagnosed, the importance of having the diagnostic criteria of Sweet's syndrome is emphasized. Careful systemic evaluation is indicated, especially when cutaneous lesions are severe or hematologic values are abnormal.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Angiosarcoma of the scalp.

The clinical appearance, histopathology, and fulminating course of an angiosarcoma of the scalp in a 57-year-old man is described. It enlarged rapidly, developed satellite nodules, metastasized to the lungs, and was fatal within five months.

Cysts↗
PubMed1984

Embedded foreign bodies presenting as earlobe keloids.

We present a case report of a young woman who developed earlobe nodules subsequent to the piercing of her ears. Clinically the nodules appeared to be keloids. Surgical intervention demonstrated the nodules to consist of the embedded backings of her pierced earrings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Traumatic neuroma. A rare complication following Muller's phlebectomy.

BACKGROUND: Complications following ambulatory surgical phlebectomy are rare, and to our knowledge, traumatic neuromas have never been reported. OBJECTIVE: To present a case of traumatic neuroma in a 48-year-old woman after ambulatory minisurgical phlebectomy. METHODS: The ambulatory minisurgical phlebectomy as described by Muller. RESULTS: In a 48-year-old woman who developed persisting nodules after phlebectomy, histopathology confirmed the clinical diagnosis of traumatic neuroma.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed2003

Granulomatous foreign body reaction against hyaluronic acid: report of a case after lip augmentation.

BACKGROUND: Hyaluronic acid (HA) (Restylane and Hylaform) is becoming more widely used for cosmetic procedures such as lip augmentation and treatment of facial skin lines, as other products, mainly bovine collagen, have proved allergenic in many patients. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of a 48-year-old woman who developed discrete nodules in the lips after HA injection for lip augmentation. The histologic analysis revealed the presence of a granulomatous reaction surrounding a blue amorphous material with the tinctorial features of HA. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the third case of granulomatous body reaction against this substance, which was allegedly inert in humans. Although rare, this reaction can have important aesthetic implications, and the patients should be informed about their risks.

Cosmetic Techniques↗
PubMed1991

Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency-associated panniculitis: case report and review of the literature.

Alpha 1-antitrypsin is the primary serum proteinase inhibitor. Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, especially the ZZ genotype, has been linked mainly to emphysema and cirrhosis; it is also associated with paniculitis. A case of alpha 1-AT-associated panniculitis was documented in a 13-year-old girl in whom a deficiency of the enzyme was known to be present from infancy. This is unusual, since alpha 1-AT panniculitis previously was described in older patients without prior knowledge of the duration of the deficiency. Our patient developed erythematous, subcutaneous nodules subsequent to trauma, which later developed into deep, painless ulcers. We report this case so that the condition may be suspected in patients with panniculitis. The diagnosis may be confirmed by measuring quantitative alpha 1-AT serum levels and by enzyme genotyping. The treatment of choice is dapsone.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intralesional methotrexate for keratoacanthoma of the nose.

A 56-year-old woman developed a nodule on her nose. A shave biopsy of the enlarging lesion was performed after 2 weeks and showed a keratoacanthoma. During the subsequent 4 weeks, the lesion continued to grow rapidly, and she was referred for excision of the lesion using the Mohs microscopically controlled technique. A tender 10x12 mm (120 mm2) erythematous nodule with a keratin-filled central umbilication was present on her left nasal ala (Figure 1). Treatment options were discussed. The left nasal ala was locally anesthetized with 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and the keratoacanthoma was circumferentially infiltrated with 10 mg of methotrexate (0.8 mL of 12.5 mg/mL methotrexate) using a 30-gauge needle. The total amount of methotrexate injected was divided among several injection sites: the peripheral shoulder of the lesion (such that there was blanching of the entire rim) and under the center of the lesion at a depth clinically judged to be the deepest area of involvement. Within the next 7 days, the tumor began to decrease in size and ulcerate centrally. Examination 2 weeks after the initial injection showed a 71% reduction in the area of the tumor, which now measured 35 mm2 (7.0x5.0 mm). The tumor was injected in a similar manner as before with 5 mg of methotrexate. After another 2 weeks, the tumor had continued to shrink. It was flat without nodularity and measured 12 mm2 (4.0x3.0 mm); the tumor area was 66% less than 2 weeks earlier and 90% less than its original size. The residual tumor was again injected with 4.5 mg of methotrexate. There was complete clinical involution of the tumor when the patient returned for evaluation 6 weeks after her initial injection of methotrexate (Figure 2). A biopsy of the lesional area to confirm histologic resolution of the keratoacanthoma was not performed since there was no visible residual tumor. Periodic follow-up examination has been performed and there has been no subsequent recurrence of the keratoacanthoma.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1986

Evolution of a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive lymphoma from a chronic T cell lymphocytosis.

A 56-yr-old Caucasian man presented with a generalised scaly rash and a peripheral blood lymphocytosis of 5.6 X 10(9)/l. 5 yr later he developed cutaneous nodules, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Cells with convoluted nuclei and prominent nucleoli were seen in the peripheral blood. He underwent splenectomy and received intensive chemotherapy but died 6 months later with CNS infiltration. At presentation the peripheral blood lymphocytes were E-ve, UCHT1 + ve, and OKT8 + ve. Following transformation, cells in blood, spleen and CSF were E-ve, OKT11 + ve, DR + ve and Tdt + ve. A proportion of these cells had a Sézary-like appearance at E/M. The splenic cells showed functional suppressor activity. This is the first reported case of the evolution of a Tdt + ve lymphoma from a post-thymic T cell lymphocytosis.

DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase↗
PubMed1998

Minor salivary gland hyalinisation and amyloidosis in low-grade lymphoma of MALT.

Two patients with low-grade lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) arising in primary Sjögren's syndrome developed solitary nodules in their lips. Histologically both lesions showed enlargement and hyalinisation of single minor salivary glands with acinar atrophy, loss of most ducts and conversion into almost acellular sclerotic eosinophilic masses. In one case the lesion was shown to contain an amyloid component. No amyloid was detected in the second case but deposition of collagen and basement membrane and sclerotic neoplasm were excluded.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1997

A Legume Ethylene-Insensitive Mutant Hyperinfected by Its Rhizobial Symbiont

Development of the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis is controlled by the host plant, although the underlying mechanisms have remained obscure. A mutant in the annual legume Medicago truncatula exhibits an increase of more than an order of magnitude in the number of persistent rhizobial infections. Physiological and genetic analyses indicate that this same mutation confers insensitivity to the plant hormone ethylene for multiple aspects of plant development, including nodulation. These data support the hypothesis that ethylene is a component of the signaling pathway controlling rhizobial infection of legumes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Nonpigmented and Bacteriochlorophyll-Containing Bradyrhizobia Isolated from Aeschynomene indica.

The legume genus Aeschynomene is unusual, since many species develop stem nodules and the bradyrhizobia isolated from these nodules produce bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl). Evidence is presented that the bradyrhizobia of Aeschynomene indica have wide distribution throughout the world, since A. indica was nodulated when grown in 58 soils collected in 14 different countries. Only 38 of 79 isolates tested synthesized Bchl and carotenoids during heterotrophic growth. Nine isolates produced Bchl constitutively, and cultures were pigmented after growth in the dark. The other isolates required light for Bchl production. The DNA from seven pigmented and three nonpigmented bradyrhizobia hybridized with a DNA probe containing the genes for the photosynthetic apparatus of Rhodobacter capsulatus, but DNA from two other nonpigmented isolates did not hybridize with this probe. A relationship between pigmentation in culture and symbiotic phenotype was not evident, since bradyrhizobia of both Bchl phenotypes nodulated stems of A. indica and formed nitrogen-fixing symbioses. Several isolates, which were ineffective on A. indica, probably do belong to the proposed cross-inoculation group 3 (D. Alazard, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50:732-734, 1985), since they did not nodulate Aeschynomene americana or Macroptilium atropurpureum. Since it has been suggested that extant rhizobia arose from photosynthetic ancestors (J. I. Sprent, p. 45-54, in P. M. Gresshoff, L. E. Roth, G. Stacey, and W. E. Newton, ed., Nitrogen Fixation: Achievements and Objectives, 1990), we propose that the nonpigmented isolates may represent an extant lineage of an intermediate evolutionary stage.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Isolation, characterization, and complementation of Rhizobium meliloti 104A14 mutants that lack glutamine synthetase II activity.

The glutamine synthetase (GS)-glutamate synthase pathway is the primary route used by members of the family Rhizobiaceae to assimilate ammonia. Two forms of glutamine synthetase, GSI and GSII, are found in Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium species. These are encoded by the glnA and glnII genes, respectively. Starting with a Rhizobium meliloti glnA mutant as the parent strain, we isolated mutants unable to grow on minimal medium with ammonia as the sole nitrogen source. For two auxotrophs that lacked any detectable GS activity, R. meliloti DNA of the mutated region was cloned and partially characterized. Lack of cross-hybridization indicated that the cloned regions were not closely linked to each other or to glnA; they therefore contain two independent genes needed for GSII synthesis or activity. One of the cloned regions was identified as glnII. An R. meliloti glnII mutant and an R. meliloti glnA glnII double mutant were constructed. Both formed effective nodules on alfalfa. This is unlike the B. japonicum-soybean symbiosis, in which at least one of these GS enzymes must be present for nitrogen-fixing nodules to develop. However, the R. meliloti double mutant was not a strict glutamine auxotroph, since it could grow on media that contained glutamate and ammonia, an observation that suggests that a third GS may be active in this species.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed2001

Translational and structural requirements of the early nodulin gene enod40, a short-open reading frame-containing RNA, for elicitation of a cell-specific growth response in the alfalfa root cortex.

A diversity of mRNAs containing only short open reading frames (sORF-RNAs; encoding less than 30 amino acids) have been shown to be induced in growth and differentiation processes. The early nodulin gene enod40, coding for a 0.7-kb sORF-RNA, is expressed in the nodule primordium developing in the root cortex of leguminous plants after infection by symbiotic bacteria. Ballistic microtargeting of this gene into Medicago roots induced division of cortical cells. Translation of two sORFs (I and II, 13 and 27 amino acids, respectively) present in the conserved 5' and 3' regions of enod40 was required for this biological activity. These sORFs may be translated in roots via a reinitiation mechanism. In vitro translation products starting from the ATG of sORF I were detectable by mutating enod40 to yield peptides larger than 38 amino acids. Deletion of a Medicago truncatula enod40 region between the sORFs, spanning a predicted RNA structure, did not affect their translation but resulted in significantly decreased biological activity. Our data reveal a complex regulation of enod40 action, pointing to a role of sORF-encoded peptides and structured RNA signals in developmental processes involving sORF-RNAs.

Base Sequence↗