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PubMedDate not supplied

[Knowledge of occupational risk in IRCCS of Neurosciences].

A Professional Multicentric Audit, concerning Staff knowledge level about security on workplaces, was conducted by way of a standardized questionnaire given to 1022 (26.4%) IRCCS professional staff pertaining to Neurobiology. Four were the principal tasks of the questionnaire investigating the "sensibility" and "consciousness" concerning risk prevention on workplaces. It came out that there is a great variability in the knowledge level on this field, even if the "medium value" is "pretty good".

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phenomenon of occupational accidents of workers of IRCCS of Neurosciences].

On the basis of information collected from ten IRCCS, it has emerged altogether that the accident are not much frequent. Accident statistics indices from 1994 to 1998 were respectively: frequency rate 21.36, incidence rate 3.32, severity rate 0.24. In the "Neurology" Institutes we have above all needlestick injuries and cufs to the arms and hands. The workers most exposed are doctors, trained nurses, technicians. In the "Psychic" Institutes we have falling, impact, lifting and physical contact accidents. The injuries are contusions to legs and head. The most exposed workers are therapists and rehabilitation educators.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2002

Comparative approaches in evolutionary psychology: molecular neuroscience meets the mind.

Evolutionary psychologists often overlook a wealth of information existing between the proximate genotypic level and the ultimate phenotypic level. This commonly ignored level of biological organization is the ongoing activity of neurobiological systems. In this paper, we extend our previous arguments concerning strategic weaknesses of evolutionary psychology by advocating a foundational view that focuses on similarities in brain, behavior, and various basic psychological features across mammalian species. Such an approach offers the potential to link the emerging discipline of evolutionary psychology to its parent scientific disciplines such as biochemistry, physiology, molecular genetics, developmental biology and the neuroscientific analysis of animal behavior. We detail an example of this through our impending work using gene microarray technology to characterize gene expression patterns in rats during aggressive and playful social interactions. Through a focus on functional homologies and the experimental analysis of conserved, subcortical emotional and motivational brain systems, neuroevolutionary psychobiology can reveal ancient features of the human mind that are still shared with other animals. Claims regarding evolved, uniquely human, psychological constructs should be constrained by the rigorous evidentiary standards that are routine in other sciences.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

[Helmholtz, a light for the neurosciences].

Helmholtz was an outstanding scientist, and dominated physiology during the second half of the XIXth century in the field of visual and auditory perception. Philosopher, he was deeply indebted to Kant for elaboration of empirical and experimental approach of facts. Man of culture, he laid the foundations of a scientific approach of music and painting. His work remains a fundamental contribution to the theory of knowledge.

Germany↗
PubMed2002

Stimulus- and event-related evoked potentials: from neuroscience to clinical neuropharmacology.

Synaptic neural (and neural system) functions are peculiarly sensitive to neuroactive compounds. Pharmacological interference/modulation is readily reflected by modifications in the organization of central nervous system (CNS), electrophysiologic signals occurring spontaneously in response to sensory stimulation (stimulus-related or evoked responses) or elicited in conjunction with sensory, motor or cognitive events (event-related potentials). Evoked responses reflect the basic physiology of sensory processes, while event-related potentials combine the time/space resolution of electrophysiologic signals with the specificity of eliciting neuropsychological conditions. The rationale for investigating drug effects on evoked and event-related potentials is manifold. Both are related to sensory and operant behavior and under suitable experimental conditions allow interpretation of drug-related changes in terms of CNS excitability. Some continuity between observations in man and in vivo or in vitro animal data is often possible. Proper handling of the stimulus physical properties or experimental/situational links may allow the responses to be related to sensory input or to neuropsychological manipulation of selectively activated CNS functions or functional subsystems and therefore to control spontaneous variability. This review summarizes today's knowledge of the application of electrophysiology to human neuropharmacology, with due reference to basic pharmacology and experimental evidence.

Evoked Potentials↗