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PubMed1950

Diet in old age.

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Diet↗
PubMed1994

Measuring outcomes of nutrition intervention.

Along with other health care professions, The Canadian Dietetic Association is promoting outcomes assessment among its members. Defining outcomes and determining their measurement is a continuous process. Outcomes can refer to any consequence of health care, including changes in health status, knowledge, or behaviour. Establishing the link between the outcome and the interventions that led to it is important, but can be difficult. This is especially the case for the dietetic profession, in that nutrition status is often affected by factors other than our nutrition intervention. We reviewed the work of other professional associations: the American Dietetic Association, Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists, Canadian Physiotherapy Association, Canadian Psychological Association, and Canadian Nurses Association. All have formed expert committees or task forces to come to grips with the questions of outcome measurement relevant to their profession. All have found the process difficult and time-consuming. Many health professions are moving toward the position voiced by the CNA: using outcome information they will try to do what they do better, further, they will question whether they should be doing it.

Canada↗
PubMed2001

[The assessment of nutritional status in children with chronic hepatitis B treated with interferon alpha].

The aim of the study was an evaluation of nutrition status in children with chronic hepatitis B during IFN-alpha therapy. Observation was carried out in a group of 40 children in the age range of 1-14 years with clinically, diagnosed chronic hepatitis B. Respectful of age 2 subgroups were distinguished. I: 27 children up to 4 years old, II: 13 children in the age range of 4-14 years. The nutritional status was evaluated by anthropometric measurement (body mass, body length/height). Moreover Cole index was estimated at the beginning and completion of the treatment and in the time of the highest weight loss. None of the examined children has body mass deficiency before IFN-alpha treatment: Cole index was in normal range as well. Lack of appetite, connected with IFN-alpha administration, was observed in 42.5 children during therapy. Weight loss was observed in 65% of the examined children especially in the first 2 months of therapy. Return to the initial body mass value was observed within 3 months after IFN-alpha completion in 77% children; but in 2 children only 12 months after IFN-alpha therapy termination. 12 months after IFN-alpha completion Cole index lower than initial was observed in 42.5% of the examined children in spite of return of body mass to initial values. There was no observed unfavourable influence of IFN treatment on body height. 20-weeks IFN-alpha therapy in children with chronic hepatitis B often causes lack of appetite, which may lead to reversible disturbances in nutritional status. Correct dietetic proceeding is necessary to decrease the frequency and intensity of disturbances in nutritional status in this group of children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Scientific approach in nutrition medicine and the example of diet fads].

The dietetics, seen from the historic point of view, have been more of an empirical science, yet in the past few decades they have developed a more rational, scientific basis. Unfortunately, this view is not shared by all, especially by those responsible for research policies of universities. Therefore it is not surprising that so-called "fad-diets" have gained in popularity despite the fact that these diets have not been scientifically proven as valuable. The most well known of these diets are the Schroth-, and F. X. Mayr-cure, the Evers-, Hay's, Atkins-, and Point-diet. Almost every day new diets are introduced to the public via uncritical mass media. These types of diets have nothing to do with modern throphotherapy.

Diet Fads↗
PubMed1997

Nephrologists' and internal medicine physicians' expectations of renal dietitians and general clinical dietitians.

OBJECTIVE: To document and compare nephrologists' and internal medicine physicians' expectations of renal dietitians and general clinical dietitians. DESIGN: Subjects completed a mailed survey. Respondents provided demographic information and used a 5-point Likert scale to note whether each of 14 job functions was appropriate for general clinical dietitians, renal dietitians, or both. SUBJECTS: Five hundred forty-one physicians registered with the Ohio State Medical Board (OSMB) were surveyed. Within this group were 283 nephrologists (the population of nephrologists registered with the OSMB) and 258 internal medicine physicians (selected randomly by the OSMB). A total of 133 physicians (25%) returned the survey; 119 surveys were usable: 70 from nephrologists and 49 from internists. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: A composite variable was created by coding and summing physicians' responses regarding dietitian job functions. This variable was averaged for both physician categories. A t test was conducted to compare composite variable results between the two physician groups. RESULTS: At least 50% of nephrologists and internists agreed that both types of dietitians should conduct nutrition assessments, determine patients' energy needs, evaluate medication-nutrient interactions, recommend diet and tube-feeding orders, instruct patients about physician-ordered diets, and teach nutrition concepts to hospital interns. Few physicians agreed that either type of dietitian should order diets, tube feedings, or diet instructions. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: Clinical dietitians can educate physicians about dietitians roles informally in their institutions and formally by supporting programs like The American Dietetic Association Physician Nutrition Education Program. In addition, dietetics educators can hone their students' communication and problem-solving skills to promote positive physician-dietitian interaction.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2005

Perceived job importance and job performance satisfaction of selected clinical nutrition management responsibilities.

A nationwide survey of clinical nutrition managers was conducted to assess perceived importance of selected job responsibilities and perceived performance satisfaction of those job responsibilities. A questionnaire was developed to achieve the study objectives, validated by an expert panel, and pilot-tested prior to data collection. All members of the American Dietetic Association's Clinical Nutrition Management dietetic practice group (N=1,668) were asked to rate the importance of selected job responsibilities and their satisfaction with those responsibilities using Likert-type scales with descriptions. Results revealed that clinical nutrition managers perceived all job responsibilities listed in the questionnaire to be important (ie, the mean score of each responsibility was >3.0 of a 4.0 scale). Respondents rated regulatory-related job responsibilities as most important and were most satisfied with their performance of these responsibilities. Following regulatory-related responsibilities, clinical nutrition managers perceived patient satisfaction and staff retention to be more important than other responsibilities. In general, clinical nutrition managers were more satisfied with their job performance for job responsibilities that they ranked as more important.

Allied Health Personnel↗