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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[A logistic regression analysis of relations between juvenile myopia and TV-watching, trace elements, and psychological characteristics].

With a paired study, 23 factors were investigated in 204 school children aged 9-14 in Taiyuan. The results of analysis of logistic regression showed that there was a close relationship between juvenile myopia and TV-watching distance, myopia in parents, Zn: Cu ratio in hair, N score of EPQ, Pscore of EPQ, and verbal IQ. The relations between myopia and some factors were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Blood-ocular barrier permeability in experimental myopia.

Vitreous fluorophotometry (VFP) was performed for myopic eyes induced by unilateral eyelid suturing of six young cynomolgus monkeys in order to study the permeability of the blood-ocular barrier. The eyelid fusion was temporarily cut and opened at about five-month intervals, and the dioptric power and axial length of test and control eyes were measured. VFP was carried out before and after intravenous injections of fluorescein-Na. The inward permeability of the blood-retinal barrier (P(in)) was estimated by our computer simulation method, and the index of permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier (AQ) was also obtained. Significant prolongation of the length of the vitreous cavity was first seen 10 months after suturing, with the degree of myopia progressing subsequently. P(in) and AQ values increased as myopia progressed: significant increases were observed at 10 and 16 months after suturing, respectively. These results indicate a close relationship between the occurrence and progress of myopia and increased permeability of the blood-ocular barrier.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epikeratophakia for the correction of myopia: lenticule design and related histopathological findings.

In spite of the numerous changes in surgical technique, epikeratophakia for the correction of myopia is still far from achieving optimal results. The removal rate of myopic lenticules is much higher than that of aphakic or keratoconus lenticules and has prompted the FDA to deny its approval to the industrial production of epi-lenses for the correction of myopia. We report a patient who underwent epikeratophakia for the correction of high myopia in his left eye and required removal of the lenticule because of unsatisfactory visual outcome. The histologic and electron microscopic examination of the removed lenticule revealed the presence of folds in both Bowman's layer and superficial stroma. These had been described in the past and related to the surgical technique used at that time; they were thought to be the cause of poor visual acuity n two patients, and had prompted, therefore, a change in surgical technique. Our findings suggest that the present lenticule design could be responsible for the presence of folds and the consequent poor visual result.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The incidence of myopia in the children of myopic parents and the outlook for the primary prevention of this type of refraction].

The paper analyses results after investigation of free selection of families, parents myopia selected by signs and a definite minimum age of their first-order offsprings, including 108 matrimonial couples with the total number of 209 children. It was found that myopia is a hereditary sign manifesting itself in children at the age above 15 years and more in 90% of families of the first-order offsprings of the couples in whom one of the parents has this kind of refraction, and in 100% of families in whom both parents suffer from this kind of refraction. The incidence of myopic children in families in whom one or both parents have myopia ranges from 68% to 86%, and depends on the type of refraction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[ERG study of high degree myopia with retinal detachment].

The authors studied the ERG of 51 cases of bilateral high degree myopia with unilateral retinal detachment and 50 cases of normal eyes. It was found that ERG in the former were characterized by a marked drop in the amplitude of the a-wave, particularly in the eye of retinal detachment, for which the ERG further diminished or failed to appear depending on the duration and extent of the lesion. Since a-waves originate from the sensory visual cells, the result was consistent with the pathology of high degree myopia and retinal detachment. The authors hold that periodic ERG examinations for dynamic surveillance is useful in monitoring the development of retinal detachment in high degree myopia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Delayed regression of effect in myopic epikeratophakia vs myopic keratomileusis for high myopia.

We compared the effectiveness and stability of our first six consecutive myopic epikeratophakia procedures (mean follow-up 18 months, range 14 to 26) with our first four consecutive cryolathe myopic keratomileusis procedures (mean follow-up 28 months, range 14 to 35). Myopic keratomileusis reduced preoperative myopia (range -8.9 to -12.1 diopters) by 77% to 94% in four patients. Refraction and visual acuity remained stable for over 1 to 3 years. In contrast, only three of the six myopic epikeratophakia procedures had stable results. The remaining three eyes which were within 0.38 D of emmetropia at the time of suture removal showed a loss of effect, resulting in myopia worse than their preoperative values in two eyes and a small correction in one eye. Only one of the six eyes achieved an uncorrected visual acuity better than 20/200. We conclude that myopic keratomileusis may be the procedure of choice for treating individuals with myopia of -8 to -15 D, because the incidence of late regression of effect after myopic epikeratophakia using the techniques in this study is unacceptable.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The effectiveness of combining scleroplasty with ultrasonic activation of the filtering zone of the anterior chamber angle in progressive myopia].

A new method for treatment of progressive myopia is developed that includes simultaneous action on both components of the leading pathogenetic link of myopization: "intraocular pressure--durable properties of the sclera". The method includes a combination of sclera-enhancing operations (administration of auto- or allotissue into the sub-Tenon's space of the posterior segment of the eye) with microhypotensive action (ultrasonic activation of the filtration zone of the anterior chamber angle). A comparison of results after 30 operations of common retrosclerosealing with those after 30 operations of retrosclerosealing in combination with acoustic hypotensive action (the follow-up period--4 years) has shown that in patients with acoustic hypotension the level of intraocular pressure fell by 2.9 mm Hg, this being 1.2 mm Hg higher than after common retrosclerosealing. In case of common retrosclerosealing myopia progressed in 10% of patients and in its combination with acoustic hypotensive action further progression of myopia was not recorded.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hemorrhages in myopia (based on clinical and fluorescence angiographic data)].

The authors analyze the results of examinations of 50 patients (70 eyes) with complicated high myopia, corrected by contact lenses. The mean visual acuity of patients in spectacles has been 0.21, in contact lenses 0.45. Hemorrhages in the fundus oculi have been detected in all the patients, these hemorrhages being a complication of myopia. Basing on the clinical and fluorescent angiography data, the authors have distinguished 2 types of myopic hemorrhages, differing in the origin, course, and outcome. Recommendations on the treatment, strategy and optic correction for patients with high myopia complicated with hemorrhages in the fundus oculi are given.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of electroacupuncture reflexotherapy in myopia].

Electroacupuncture (EAP) has been used in the management of schoolchildren with slight myopia and of senior schoolchildren with high myopia. A follow-up of 5 years has demonstrated that EAP has stopped the progress of myopia, normalized the accommodation system, improved the natural vision acuity and other visual functions.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Collagen plastic surgery in progressive myopia].

The technique of surgery is as follows: 4 implants of wetted and squeezed out collagen sponge, 7-8 x 20-22 mm in size, 2-2.5 mm thick, are introduced into Tenon's space to fill the gaps between the rectus muscles; a standard sterile hemostatic sponge or a colocyl sponge in employed. Experimental studies have shown the development of new episcleral connective tissue at the sites where the sponge has been introduced, the thickness of this tissue exceeding 1.5-2.5-fold that of the rabbit sclera. Altogether 200 eyes (100 patients) with myopia of 3.5-15 diopters have been operated on. Myopia progress has been stopped in 95% of cases; vision acuity has improved by 0.14-0.15 (p less than 0.001), clinical refraction has reduced by 0.9-1.0 diopters (p less than 0.001) in 84% of patients. A significant improvement of the hemodynamics has been achieved, as well as of the eye membrane rigidity (1.5-2-fold). The complications were only negligible diplopia early after surgery in 3 cases. Collagen plastic surgery is a simple method, marked for the availability of the implanted material; it is highly effective and in fact does not involve complications, this permitting its use in progressive myopia of more than 4.0-5.0 diopters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Houston Myopia Control Study: a randomized clinical trial. Part II. Final report by the patient care team.

In a randomized clinical trial designed to test the efficacy of bifocal lenses for the control of juvenile myopia, each of 207 children between the ages of 6 and 15 years wore single vision lenses, +1.00 D add bifocals, or +2.00 D add bifocals for a period of 3 years. For the 124 subjects who completed the study, the mean changes in refraction were found to be -0.34 D per year for subjects wearing single vision lenses, -0.36 D per year for those wearing +1.00 D add bifocals, and -0.34 D per year for those wearing +2.00 D add bifocals. These differences were not statistically significant. When subjects in all three treatment groups were combined, it was found that the rate of progression tended to be the most rapid for subjects who entered the study at an early age with a large amount of myopia, and tended to be the least rapid for subjects who entered the study at a later age with a small amount of myopia. It was also found that subjects having with-the-rule astigmatism progressed more slowly than those having no astigmatism or against-the-rule astigmatism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Experiences in the medical treatment of progressive myopia (author's transl)].

In order to judge the effect of anthocyanosides and vitamine E (Difrarel E) on refraction, visual acuity and eye-fundus, we treated 36 patients with this speciality in progressive myopia. After an observation period of 14.5 months an average increase of myopia by 0.53 dpt per eye was demonstrated. The final examination of 29 patients showed a stabilization of the fundus-alterations, as well as a stable, or an improved visual acuity respectively. In 7 patients a moderate deterioration of the partial or overall medical findings occured. Our observations allow the conclusion that Difrarel E achieves therapeutically valuable results in the treatment of progressive myopia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Combined surgical procedure for the prevention of blindness caused by progressive high myopia.

A combined prophylactic procedure consisting of the strengthening of the sclera by fascia lata implants and the laser photocoagulation of peripheral retinal degenerations has been developed for the prevention of blindness caused by progressive high myopia. More than 7 years of experience gained with over 400 patients showed that none of the treated eyes developed retinal detachment or other severe complications of high myopia. Moreover, the degree of myopia decreased by a mean value of 3.0 D in 90%, and the visual acuity improved by a mean value of 0.15 in 70% of the patients treated. The authors suggest that their combined prophylactic procedure should be tried out and introduced to general ophthalmological practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The nature and control of myopia.

There is a growing body of evidence to support the belief that most myopia develops as a result of prolonged exposure to nearpoint activities. This paper summarizes the most important studies that have been done and postulates a mechanism by which prolonged accommodation can result in myopia. Possible means of arresting or preventing the development of myopia are discussed.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Interlamellar circular keratoplasty for correction of high myopia].

A new method is proposed for the correction of high myopia: Interlamellar circular keratoplasty. This method has been used in 15 patients (17 eyes) aged 18 to 54 with 9 to 17 diopters myopia. Vision acuity attained was at least 0.5 in 10 (60.3%) patients; in 7 (35.2%) patients vision acuity was 0.3 without correction, that is, was equal to the maximal vision acuity with the optimal correction. The highest refraction effect was 15.0 diopters. The patients were followed up for 3 months to 16 years. The proposed method for the correction of high myopia is highly effective, simple, and is recommended for clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Results of photorefractive keratectomy using the excimer laser in the treatment of myopia; 1-year follow-up].

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the first excimer laser treatments of myopia. DESIGN: Descriptive. SETTING: Excimer Laser Centrum, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. METHOD: 312 patients underwent spherical excimer laser treatment to correct myopia of 1.2 up to 10 diopters between February 1992 and October 1993. 245 patients completed a follow-up of one year or more; 36 retreatments were carried out. Group I (treatment 1.2 to 6 D) numbered 174 patients, group II (6.1-10 D) 71 patients. RESULTS: After a follow-up period of one year or just before retreatment 79% of group I and 48% of group II achieved a refractive correction within 1 D of the attempted correction. Visual acuity without correction was 0.5 or more in 94% of group I and in 76% of group II. Less than one percent (n = 1) of group I and 6% (n = 4) of group II lost more than one line of best corrected visual acuity. Retreatment could correct 50% of those eyes that did not achieve a refraction within 1 D of attempted correction. Loss of visual acuity was corrected by retreatment in 5 of 6 cases of group I and in 7 of 11 cases of group II. CONCLUSION: Based on a one-year follow-up, refractive surgery with the excimer laser appears to correct myopia between 1 and 10 D effectively. Predictability is diminishing on correcting higher amounts of refractive error. Thorough information of the patients regarding the results to be expected will prevent disappointment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Photorefractive keratectomy for myopia in 98 eyes.

Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) was performed on 98 consecutive normal myopic eyes with the Summit OmniMed laser System. The minimum follow-up was 3 months and 31 were followed for 6 months. Preoperative myopia ranged from -1.25 to -12.00 D. The myopic eyes were divided into 4 groups according to the amount of myopia: group 1 (-1.25 to -3.00 D), 17 eyes; group 2 (-3.12 to -6.00 D), 42 eyes; group 3 (-6.12 to -9.00 D), 29 eyes and group 4 (> 9.00 D), 10 eyes. In group 1 mean uncorrected visual acuity was 0.87 at 3 months, 1.0 at 6 months and all of the eyes were within 0.50 D of the attempted correction. In group 2 mean uncorrected visual acuity was 0.76 at 3 months, 0.87 at 6 months and 92.3% of the eyes were within 0.50 D of the attempted correction. In group 3 mean uncorrected visual acuity was 0.65 and 0.66 at 3 and 6 months respectively and 77.8% of eyes were within 0.50 D of the attempted refractive correction. In group 4, mean uncorrected visual acuity was 0.46 and 0.7 at 3 and 6 months, respectively, and 100% were within 0.50 D of the attempted correction. Two eyes lost 2 lines and 4 eyes gained 2 or more lines of their preoperative best spectacle corrected visual acuity. Three eyes exhibited steroid induced rise in intraocular pressure that was controlled with topical timolol. No serious complications occurred. Despite the short follow-up, photorefractive keratectomy with the 193 nm excimer laser appears to be an effective and safe treatment for the correction of myopia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Relation between myopia and intelligence].

The objective of the investigation to confirm the authors experience and data from the literature that refractory myopia is as a rule associated with a higher of intelligence. In the first part one of the authors evaluated a group of 14-year-old myopic children with hypermetropia children of the same age. For evaluation she used the intelligence quotient (IQ) and assessment by teachers before the children left elementary school. The results are clearly in flavour of the myopia children. In the second part the authors evaluated the intelligence of 15-18-year-old myopic secondary school pupils as compared with their classmates. Assuring that myopia is usually associated with higher intelligence and makes thus more profound education possible, they compared the students with apprentires trained to be cooks and waiters. The myopic students won again. Arong students there were 36.8% myopic, among appretices only 8%. The mean progress of students is 1.99, of apprentices only 2.68%. The myopic students have a general better progress and better marks in mathematics than their classmates without refractory defects (1.86:2.07 and 2.14:2.39). Based on the results of the investigation the authors assume that they were able to confirm data in the literature that myopic students are on average more intelligent that their poors of the same age.

Adolescent↗