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PubMed1990

[Biochemical genetic marker of mouse salivary protein in mouse].

It has been reported by BALAKRSHANN and ASHTON that about 20-30 bands of human salivary protein separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PH 8.0) were detected by staining with Coomassie brilliant blue R. Employing the same method, MATSUSHIMA discovered five main regions (I-V) in mouse salivary protein (Msp) separated by poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (PH 8.0). He also discovered distinctive features of biochemical genetic markers among each of the five regions. In this experimental study, we investigated biochemical genetic markers of Msp of C3H/HeJ, BALB/c, BALB/k and NOD/shi strains. The following were the results of the present study. 1) The results of C3H/HeJ and BALB/c mice were in accord with those of MATSUSHIMA's. 2) The BALB/k mouse showed the same results as the BALB/c the difference in sex of Msp-1 seemed to have no relation to H-2 complex. 3) With the NOD/she strain, Msp-3 showed the b-type, Msp-2 the a-type, Msp-1 the o-type showed no difference based on sex, that is to say, F-type in both male and female. Amylase-1 showed the b-type.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Visualization of mouse DNA transcriptional complexes in mouse kidney cells infected with SV 40 virus.

Electron microscopic studies of transcribed cellular deoxynucleoprotein (DNP) fibers from mouse kidney cells abortively infected with Simian Virus 40 (SV 40) revealed two types of transcriptional complexes. Tandemly repeating units representing ribosomal transcriptional events, although few in number because of the procedure employed, clearly confirmed results of other techniques which revealed the unusually long length of the untranscribed spacer intercepts in mouse nucleolar chromatin. In non-nucleolar arrays the density of the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) fibrils varied, as did the length and configuration of the associated DNP fibers. A statistical correlation between a "smooth" appearance of a transcribed portion of a DNP fiber and a high density of nascent RNP fibrils was observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Pathology of diarrhea due to mouse hepatitis virus in the infant mouse.

Two-day-old mice were inoculated orally with a mouse hepatitis virus which had been isolated from a suckling mouse with fatal diarrhea, and a systemic infection was shown to be established, though enterotropism of the isolate was evident. Significant viral growth and syncytium forming lesions were first detectable in the intestines at day 2 postinoculation, followed by the development of focal necrotic hepatitis. The virus titer in both liver and intestine attained maximum levels at days 4 to 5. Death occurred at day 5 or later, and 60 to 100% mice died during the first 2 weeks of life. Before death, some mice showed neurologic signs with high titered viruses recovered from the brain. The necrotizing lesions were also demonstrated in the lung and lymphoid organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Maintenance of Fc receptors in hybrid cell lines obtained by fusing mouse splenic macrophages with mouse myeloma cells.

Mouse splenic macrophages were fused with cells of the mouse myeloma line P3-X63-Ag8 in the presence of inactivated Sendai virus. Two continuously growing hybrid cell lines were established from fusion mixtures. These hybrid cell lines exhibited macrophage-like morphology and continued to express macrophage derived Fc receptor activity even after prolonged culture in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effect of rat mast cell sensitization with mouse IgE antibody on anaphylactic histamine release by anti-mouse IgE and Con A.

The peritoneal mast cells of rat (Wistar X August) F1 were incubated with purified mouse IgE antibodies and then challenged (in the presence of 50% D2O) with antigen, anti-mouse IgE and concanavalin A. It was found that incubation of mast cells with IgE antibodies led to different level of cell sensitization (in mast cells from different rats), expressed in antigen-induced histamine release (0-52%). Moreover, a) significant antigen-induced histamine release was usually accompanied by high Con A- and anti-IgE-induced histamine release from these cells; the magnitude of release was comparable to Con A- and anti-IgE-induced release from control, nonsensitized cells of the same rat; b) low antigen-induced histamine release was accompanied by the decrease of Con A- and anti-IgE-induced release, as compared to the release from control cells. This fall of reactivity to Con A and anti-IgE was statistically significant and was irreversible during 120 min.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1986

The wasted mutant mouse. II. Immunological abnormalities in a mouse described as a model of ataxia-telangiectasia.

Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is a complex multiparametric disease associating oculocutaneous telangiectasias, cerebellar ataxia, elevated chromosomal aberration frequency and varied degrees of immunodeficiency. Recently a wasted mutant mouse (wst) has been described as an animal model of AT. We have looked in the wasted mutants for the presence of immune and endocrine abnormalities characteristic of AT. In contrast to the T cell immunodeficiency in AT, wasted mutants had a marked hypoplasia of all lymphoid organs, which affected both T and B lymphocyte subsets. The marked thymic atrophy appearing at the final stage of their disease did not modify the endocrine function of the thymic epithelium which produced normal levels of the thymic hormone thymulin. Although in vitro interleukin 2 (IL-2) production by splenic T cells in response to Con A was markedly diminished, these mice presented normal T and B cell proliferative responses to mitogens. Finally, no significant increase in serum alpha-fetoprotein level (a typical marker of AT) was found throughout the course of the disease. Although by many aspects, i.e. neurological disorder, chromosomal aberrations and early death, wasted mice presented similarities with human AT, major discrepancies in the typical features of immune abnormalities were found between the mouse model and the human disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Regulation of the growth rate of mouse fibroblasts by IL-3-activated mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells.

When mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) are cocultured with a confluent layer of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts in the presence of WEHI-3-conditioned medium, the mast cells undergo a phenotypic change toward that of a connective tissue mast cell, and the fibroblasts increase their synthesis of globopentaosylceramide. We now demonstrate that fibroblasts lose their contact inhibition and multiply such that by the 2nd and the 4th wk of coculture there are, respectively, approximately four-fold and six-fold more fibroblasts than in the cultures that are not exposed to BMMC. This in vitro increase in the number of fibroblasts is dependent on the number of mast cells (over the range of 6 x 10(4) to 1 x 10(6) BMMC/culture) initially seeded with the fibroblasts and on the concentration of WEHI-3-conditioned medium present during the coculture. That the fibroblasts also multiply in BMMC/fibroblast cocultures exposed to synthetic IL-3 or to purified IL-3 indicates that IL-3 is a component in WEHI-3-conditioned medium that induces mast cells to produce the fibroblast growth factor. The number of fibroblasts does not increase if fibroblasts are exposed to lysates of BMMC, or to BMMC-derived conditioned medium, or if the two cell types are separated from one another during the coculture with a 3-microns filter or a 0.4-microns filter. Thus, IL-3-activated BMMC must be in proximity to fibroblasts to induce them to multiply. Because of their increased numbers per culture dish, total fibroblasts that were cocultured with mast cells synthesized approximately two-fold more 35S-labeled proteoglycans, incorporated approximately 3-fold more [3H] proline into collagenase-sensitive proteins, and had substantially more alpha 2(I) collagen mRNA than fibroblasts that were maintained in the absence of mast cells. These is vitro studies reveal a sequence by which IL-3-activated mast cells may play a role in the induction of fibrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of DN-1417 on ataxia in Rolling mouse Nagoya and Staggerer mouse in comparison with the effect of TRH].

The behavioral effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and a TRH analogue, DN-1417 (butyrolactone-carbonyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide citrate) on the ataxia of Rolling mouse Nagoya and Staggerer mouse were examined using open-field methods. The ataxic gaits improved after injection of TRH (25 mg/kg, ip) and DN-1417 (5.25 mg/kg ip), compared with injection of saline. As a whole, the improving effect of DN-1417 persisted about 2 or more times as long in duration as that of TRH.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Augmentation of tumor targeting in a line of glioma-specific mouse cytotoxic T-lymphocytes by retroviral expression of mouse gamma-interferon complementary DNA.

As an initial approach to experiments directed toward effective adoptive immunotherapy for cancer using lymphokine genes, we transferred retrovirally a complementary DNA encoding mouse gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) into a specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clone, designated E-4, against 203 glioma cells (a 20-methylcholanthrene-induced mouse glioma line) and confirmed the efficacy of IFN-gamma production from the exogenous gene on augmentation of tumor targeting. Of five, two gene-transferred subclones constitutively produced 8 to 10 times the amount of IFN-gamma as compared with the parental E-4. Correspondingly, these two subclones exhibited 2 to 3 times higher killing activity against 203 glioma than the parental cells; the enhancement of the killing activities was abrogated by an adequate addition of anti-IFN-gamma antibody. No alteration was seen after the gene transfer in cell surface phenotypes, Thy-1+, Lyt-1-, Lyt-2+,3+, and asialo-GM1-. The surface expression of a major histocompatibility complex Class I antigen, H-2Kb, was not altered remarkably, but the Class II antigen, I-Ab, was partially and slightly enhanced on the two IFN-gamma-producing sublines mentioned above on fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Since it is considered that in the vicinity of the constitutively IFN-gamma producing cytotoxic T-lymphocyte cells tumor cells are exposed to a high concentration of IFN-gamma, the cells may be stimulated to induce or enhance the expression of surface antigens including major histocompatibility complex antigens as well as tumor-associated antigens relevant to immune recognition. The 203 glioma cells pretreated with IFN-gamma were more efficiently killed by both the parental E-4 and the gene-transferred sublines. Taken together, the results suggested that the augmented specific tumor-killing activity of our gene-transferred cytotoxic T-lymphocytes was ascribed to the constitutive production of IFN-gamma derived from the exogenous gene.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Synergistic activation by recombinant mouse interferon-gamma and muramyl dipeptide of tumoricidal properties in mouse macrophages.

Mouse peritoneal macrophages were activated to become cytotoxic against B16-BL6 melanoma cells by the combination of subthreshold amounts of murine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma; 0.1 to 10 U/ml) and N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP; 0.001 to 10 micrograms/ml), but not by the combination of pH 2-treated IFN-gamma and MDP, heat-treated IFN-gamma and MDP, or IFN-gamma and the inactive stereoisomer of MDP, N-acetyl-muramyl-D-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP-D). The encapsulation of intact IFN-gamma and MDP within the same liposome preparation was synergistic for macrophage activation. In contrast, the presentation of identical concentrations of IFN-gamma and MDP in separate liposome preparations did not activate macrophages. These data allow us to conclude that the encapsulation of genetically engineered IFN-gamma and synthetically produced MDP within the same liposome is highly efficient in producing synergistic activation of tumoricidal properties in mouse macrophages.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of X-rays or aseptic inflammatory reaction on the circadian rhythm of tyrosine aminotransferase in mouse liver (TAT activity of mouse liver).

Effects of x-rays or aseptic inflammatory reaction on the circadian rhythm of tyrosine aminotransferase in mouse liver (TAT activity of mouse liver). Acta physiol. pol., 1979, 30 (4): 479--487. The circadian rhythm of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) was investigated during 48 hours in the liver of mice subjected to: -- subcutaneous inflammatory reaction -- ionizing radiation. The cyclic changes in the circadian enzyme activity were described with a harmonic function. In relation to the control mice in the experimental mice statistically significant changes were demonstrated in the activity of tyrosine aminotransferase associated with desynchronization of the circadian TAT rhythm, particularly evident in the first hours of the first day of the experiment. The functions of enzyme activity changed in the second 24-hour period showed, both qualitatively and quantitatively, a tendency for a gradual return of normal TAT activity in the 24-hour periods.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Different chromosome banding procedures to distinguish between mouse and rabbit chromosomes in mouse-rabbit somatic cell hybrids.

The discrimination of the parental chromosomes in interspecific somatic cell hybrids, is a powerful tool in gene mapping studies. We report the methods used to distinguish between murine and rabbit chromosomes in mouse-rabbit somatic cell hybrids. By means of G-banding patterns it is possible to determine the murine or rabbit origin of the chromosomes, as well as the single chromosome identification in the same hybrid metaphase. To rapidly establish whether the chromosome are of murine or rabbit origin we use C-banding and Hoechst staining procedures, which staining or elongating respectively and preferentially the centromeric area of the mouse chromosomes allowed indubitable species assignment.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Production by mouse spleen cells of factors stimulating differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic cells that differ from the colony-stimulating factor.

Mouse myeloid leukemic M1 cells can be induced to differentiate into macrophages and granulocytes in vitro by a protein inducer, differentiation-stimulating factor (D-factor), and by various other compounds. Mouse spleen cells produced D-factors when treated with various mitogens, such as concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, lipopolysaccharide, and synthetic double-stranded polyribonucleotide copolymer of polyinosinic and polycytidylic acids. Concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and pokeweed mitogen stimulated spleen lymphocytes, but not spleen macrophages, to produce a D-factor with an apparent molecular weight of 40,000 to 50,000. On the other hand, lipopolysaccharide and copolymer of polyinosinic and polycytidylic acids stimulated both spleen lymphocytes and spleen macrophages to produce D-factors. Spleen macrophages produced D-factors with molecular weights of 40,000 to 50,000 and 20,000 to 25,000, whereas spleen lymphocytes produced only the larger molecules. In addition to D-factor, colony-stimulating factor (CSF), which stimulates growth and differentiation of normal bone marrow cells, and interferon, were detected in conditioned medium of spleen cells treated with concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide. On gel filtration of the conditioned medium with Sephadex G-100, CSF was eluted between the larger D-factor and the smaller one. The fraction with interferon activity overlapped that of the larger D-factor. Incubation of the conditioned medium at pH 2 abolished the activity of interferon but did not affect the activity of either D-factor or CSF. The addition of cytochalasin B suppressed the production of interferon but not of D-factor or CSF by the spleen cells. These results indicate that the D-factor is a different substance from CSF or type II interferon.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Mouse interferons enhance the accumulation of a human HLA RNA and protein in transfected mouse and hamster cells.

A recombinant clone (pJY150R1.1) encoding the human major histocompatibility antigen (HLA-B7) was introduced into mouse cells and hamster cells by cotransformation with selectable genes. The exposure to mouse interferon of the cells transformed to HLA-B7+ resulted in a severalfold increase in the level of HLA antigen and RNA. The HLA-B7 clone used for the transfection includes a 670-base pair DNA sequence upstream from the coding segment. It remains to be established if the 670-base pair segment is necessary and/or sufficient to make the transcription of the HLA gene responsive to interferon.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Cloning of mouse carbonic anhydrase mRNA and its induction in mouse erythroleukemic cells.

Mouse carbonic anhydrase mRNA was detected in poly(A+) RNA of anemic spleens sedimenting as a RNA species at 14 S. Subsequently, poly(A+) RNA (12-16 S) was used as a template for the synthesis of double-stranded cDNA, which was inserted into the PstI site of pBR322 by oligo-dG:dC tailing. A recombinant plasmid containing carbonic anhydrase cDNA was identified by a positive hybridization selection assay and by partial DNA sequencing. Predicted amino acid sequences showed homology with the known sequences of rabbit and human carbonic anhydrase I and II. The clone contained sequences for most of the coding region and 600-700 base pairs at the 3' noncoding region of the mRNA. Hybridization analysis of poly(A+) RNA from uninduced and induced mouse erythroleukemic cells labeled for short and long time periods indicated that induction results in an increase of carbonic anhydrase mRNA in newly synthesized RNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Purification of monoclonal antibodies from mouse ascites eliminates contaminating infectious mouse type C viruses and nucleic acids.

We examined the fate of infectious mouse type C viruses (MuLV) and nucleic acids during the purification of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) from mouse ascites. Hybridoma cell lines and their cell fluids can contain infectious ecotropic and xenotropic MuLV whose presence in ascitic fluid may be masked by the presence of anti-viral factors, particularly the anti-xenotropic virus neutralizing factor. They can also contain DNA and RNA. The specific techniques we used for the purification of MoAbs from the ascitic fluid completely eliminated all detectable infectious MuLV, anti-viral factors, and nucleic acids, even when these agents were added in quantities far in excess of those normally expected. Viral proteins, potentially contaminating the MoAb preparations, were also substantially reduced by our procedures. Because infectious MuLV or nucleic acids may have adverse effects on human subjects, attention should be given to each MoAb purification process to insure their effective removal.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Mouse T lymphocytes proliferative responses specific for human MHC products in mouse anti-human xenogeneic MLR.

It has been reported that human T cells recognize the polymorphism of murine Ia antigens in the human anti-mouse xenogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR). In this study, murine T cell recognition of human Class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was analyzed in mouse anti-human xenogeneic MLR responses. The xenoreactive murine T cell proliferative response was blocked by adding anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody to the xenogeneic MLR culture. The specificity of xenoreactive murine T cells was examined with regard to the secondary and tertiary xenogeneic MLR system. The xenoreactive murine T cells were restimulated by distinct human stimulator cells that had no shared HLA antigens with the stimulator used in the primary MLR. The data presented here show that the murine xenoreactive T cells recognize the shared determinant(s) of HLA-DR antigen on non-T, non-B stimulator cells. The xenoreactive murine T cell proliferative responses were mediated by Thy-1+, Lyt-1+, and Lyt-2- cells. Furthermore, the xenoreactive T cell responses required Ia+ cells, and Ia antigen on accessory cells plays a crucial role in eliciting the xenoreactive responses against human stimulator cells, while Ia+ accessory cells in the responding cell population are not essential for the elicitation of allogeneic MLR responses, as reported previously.

Animals↗