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Results for “Mandatory Testing”

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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Sexual behaviour of male inmates of a detention facility in Singapore: risks of intraprison human immunodeficiency virus transmission.

Sexual urges and needs do not cease merely upon the incarceration of an individual. They continue to exist in varying degrees in different individuals. This study looks into the sexual behaviour of all the male inmates of a detention facility in Singapore, both before and during their incarceration. In the advent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), high risk behaviours are investigated with the view to applying the results towards the formulation of policies on prevention of intraprison transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Taking masturbation as an expression of the degree of sexual needs, the three high risk groups for HIV infection--the promiscuous heterosexuals, the homosexuals/bisexuals and the intravenous drug users--had higher in-detention masturbation rates than the others. In addition, those incarcerated for 180 to 360 days up to the day of the study had higher masturbation rates than those incarcerated for less than 180 days and longer than 360 days. In-detention homosexual behaviour was also demonstrated in this study. Recommendations include health education programmes on AIDS and risk reduction and removal of the prohibition on masturbation. Mandatory HIV testing and segregation of high risk or HIV-positive inmates are not recommended.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prostitution and AIDS in the city of Mexico].

Since 1987 The National AIDS Council in Mexico (CONASIDA), has conducted research projects among female commercial sex workers (CSW), who are seen at the AIDS Information Centers. Through these studies, we have been able to find out how different issues influence commercial sex work in Mexico City. Since the beginning of our own studies in 1989, HIV prevalence in this particular group has remained low (0.04%-0.2%). Factors found to be associated with condom use were: educational level, not having children, more experience in sex work and younger age. Condom use was reported by 88% of the women; however, qualitative information and high STD prevalence rates suggest a much lower condom use. Mandatory HIV testing is not useful as a preventive measure among sex workers. Persuasive and structural interventions must be implemented in accordance with local and legal situations.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Needle exchange.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

HIV Infections↗
PubMed1996

Polymerase chain reaction analysis for viral nucleic acids in acute sporadic hepatitis patients negative for serum hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies to hepatitis C virus.

BACKGROUND: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is both very sensitive and very valuable in the clarification of the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis from type A to E (HAV to HEV). METHODS: This study was aimed to detect viral nucleic acids with PCR in 33 consecutive, acute sporadic hepatitis patients who were seronegative for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody to hepatitis C virus by conventional radioimmununoassay or enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS: Of the totals, 10 (30.3%) had detectable viral genomes. HBV DNA and HCV RNA were each detected in 2 (7.4%) of 27 patients with a self-limiting course. By contrast, HBV DNA was detected in the two (33.3%, p = 0.14) and HCV RNA in the three (50%, p = 0.03) of the six patents who became chronic; another one who had subsequent multiple exacerbations of hepatitis was positive for both HBV DNA and HCV RNA. HDV RNA was not detectable in all subjects. Although four (12.1%) were positive for antibody against HEV, none had detectable HEV RNA. Spontaneous disease resolution predominantly occurred in patients without detectable hepatitis B and hepatitis C genomes (100% of 23 patients vs 40% of 10 patients, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that a combination of serological and molecular tests is mandatory for the appraisal of acute sporadic non-B non-C hepatitis and its clinical prognosis, they also raise the possibility of a hepatotrophic agent other than HAV to HEV. Recent documentation of the new GBV-C (hepatitis G virus) suggests the necessity of studying the unidentified pathogenesis in patients with non-A to E hepatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Pre-, intra- and postoperative allergic manifestations in hepatic echinococcosis].

Data obtained from 502 patients operated for echinococcosis (hydatid disease) are analyzed. In 61 of them (12,15 per cent) a variety of allergic manifestations are observed before the operation. Serious allergic shocks intraoperatively, and lethal outcome due to allergic shock in the postoperative period are described. Inferences are reached about the necessity of performing mandatory examination of all allergic patients for echinococcosis as an eventual underlying cause of allergy, as well as mandatory preoperative tests for allergy to drugs and anesthetics along with undertaking antiallergic prophylaxis of patients in the postoperative period to obviate eventual allergic accidents, regardless of their presence or not in the previous history.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Detection and typing of human papillomavirus DNAs by restriction endonuclease mapping of the PCR products.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated strongly with human cervical, anal and penile cancers. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect HPV in cervical specimens of 88 women working at the public whorehouse. Using consensus primers which encode the L1 region of the HPV genome, the presence of HPV DNA was demonstrated in 2 specimens. Restriction endonuclease digestion of the amplified products was carried out for accurate typing. Samples which were positive by L1 PCR were digested with Hae III, BstN I and Dde I restriction enzymes. The patterns produced by digestion were identified as HPV types 6b and 16.

Adult↗