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Results for “Magnesium Deficiency”

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PubMed2007

Effect of magnesium deficiency on intracellular ATP levels in human lens epithelial cells.

Cataractous lenses have an altered distribution of the intracellular ionic environment, and the lens ionic imbalance with increased levels of calcium (Ca2+) and sodium (Na+), coupled with decreased levels of magnesium (Mg2+) and potassium (K+), is related to cataract development in human senile cataracts. We previously found that the decrease of ATP in lenses caused lens ionic imbalance, and probably decrease in ATPase function. In this study, we investigated the effect of Mg2+ deficiency on cataract progression using human lens epithelial (HLE) cells. Expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in HLE cells were significantly greater in Mg2+-deficient medium (Mg2+ 0.021 mM) than in normal Mg2+ medium (Mg2+ 0.77 mM). The NO release from the HLE cells cultured with Mg2+-deficient medium also increased. On the other hand, the ATP levels in HLE cells 24 h after incubation with Mg2+-deficient medium were lower than that with normal Mg2+ medium. The Ca2+- and Na+/K+-ATPase activities in HLE cells until 24 h incubation with normal Mg2+ or Mg2+-deficient medium did not change. Both diethyldithiocarbamate 10 microM and aminoguanidine 250 microM attenuated the increase of NO release, and caused an increase in ATP levels in HLE cells 24 h after incubation with Mg2+-deficient medium. These results suggest that Mg2+ deficiency enhances NO production via iNOS in the lens. It is possible that the excessive production of NO cause the decrease of ATP levels. These results show that Mg2+ deficiency in the lens may cause an acceleration of the progression of lens opacification.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Aggravation of thiamine deficiency by magnesium depletion. A case report.

A patient with Crohn's disease and long-standing diarrhea resulting in a combined thiamine and magnesium deficiency is presented. Despite massive doses of thiamine i.v., the symptoms of thiamine deficiency could not be suppressed until the magnesium deficiency was corrected as well. This case report emphasizes the dependence of thiamine on magnesium for an adequate function in the body.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Comparative effects of magnesium deficiency and overload on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the growing pig].

This study was designed to assess the influence of dietary magnesium on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in growing pigs. 18 4-month-old pigs received either an Mg-deficient (40 ppm), an Mg overload (5,600 ppm) or a control Mg diet (1,000 ppm) for 70 days. The following parameters were measured: kinetics of plasma concentrations of Ca, phosphates, Mg and alkaline phosphatase (AP), absorptions, urinary and fecal excretions, retentions of Ca, P and Mg, soft tissue and bone mineral contents (BMC), and intestinal mucosal CaBP (calcium-binding protein) and AP activities. Dietary Mg level had no effect on calcium and phosphorus metabolism as far as Ca and P absorptions and retentions, BMC, intestinal CaBP and plasma levels of Ca, P and AP are concerned. Mg overload significantly decreased urinary P excretion and increased kidney P content, but did not change fecal P excretion. Jejunal AP activity was slightly decreased in Mg-deficient pigs. The plasma, bone, urinary, fecal, absorbed and retained Mg varied linearly with Mg intake (r: 0,85-0.96). In Mg-deficient pigs, hypomagnesemia appeared after 1 week and its severity did not increase with time. In Mg-overloaded pigs, hypermagnesemia occurred very late and was limited. This suggests that, in the growing pig, dietary Mg has little or no effect on Ca-P metabolism. It may also be concluded that growing pigs are rather resistant to Mg deficiency since no clinical symptoms were observed.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1996

Exogenous oestrogen affects calcium metabolism differently from exogenous testosterone in ovariectomized or orchiectomized rats fed a high fructose diet severely deficient in magnesium.

To investigate interactions between sex hormones, dietary fructose, and a severe magnesium deficiency on calcium metabolism, 10 week old ovariectomized (OVX) female, and orchiectomized (ORX) males rats were studied. The OVX and ORX animals were divided into two groups: one half of the animals in each group was injected with beta-oestradiol-3-benzoate dissolved in sesame oil twice a week; the other half was injected with testosterone cypionate in sesame oil twice a week. All animals were pari-fed a severely magnesium-deficient fructose diet. After a 4 week experimental period, a 24 h urine sample was collected for measurements of cAMP, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Blood was collected for determination of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, 25-hydroxy- and 1.25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D, 1.25(OH)2D], and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Femurs were used for measurements of bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD). Oestrogen treatment produced hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria, and, further, this was higher in female than in male rats. In contrast, testosterone treatment produced hypocalcaemia and hypocalciuria. Hypocalcaemia in testosterone-treated animals may stimulate secretion of PTH. Testosterone-treated animals had significantly lower BMD than oestrogen-treated animals. High circulating PTH seemed to cause bone loss in the testosterone group. High PTH may stimulate hydroxylation of 25(OH) D to 1.25(OH)2D in the kidneys, and high circulating 1.25(OH)2D would antagonize bone formation. Either endogenous or exogenous oestrogen increased kidney calcification. The study indicates that oestrogen-fructose-magnesium interaction on calcium metabolism was significantly different from that of testosterone.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed2005

The effect of ozone on the yellowing process of magnesium-deficient clonal Norway spruce grown under defined conditions.

During two vegetation periods, young clonal spruce trees (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) with sufficient and poor magnesium (Mg) supply were exposed in the environmental chambers of the GSF phytotron to three levels of ozone (daily means: 18-22, 88-130, and 135-190 microg m(-3); 10% reduction at night). Previous year's needles were examined at 4-week intervals with respect to their contents of Mg, Ca, K, Mn, N, P, and chlorophyll (Chl), various parameters of Chl fluorescence, and the stability of the isolated light-harvesting Chl-a/b-protein complex LHC II. The needles of the two nutrition variants contained more than 0.53 or less than 0.27mg Mg g(-1) needle dry matter, respectively. The ratio of variable to maximal Chl-a fluorescence of the dark-adapted needles, Fv/Fm, and the photoinhibitory quenching of Fv after light treatment, SVi.v, were affected by the Mg content of the needles rather than the ozone levels. Changes of the Chl content and the behavior of the LHC II allowed differentiating between a slow process of needle yellowing occurring under Mg deficiency only, and a rapid process of needle yellowing occurring under the combined action of Mg deficiency and ozone pollution. Only the rapid yellowing process was accompanied by destabilization of the LHC II, and the degree of destabilization was correlated with the ozone concentration present in the days before sampling. The results are consistent with observations obtained at a research site in the Central Black Forest (J Plant Physiol 161 (2004) 423).

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1992

[The relation of physical and mental stress to magnesium deficiency in patients with variant angina].

In this study we assessed the role of psychological factor in the etiology of coronary vasospasm using the Cornell Medical Index (CMI), focusing attention on the relationship between stress and serum magnesium (Mg). The study subjects consisted of 25 patients with variant angina (VA), 32 with old myocardial infarction without vasospasm (OMI), and 34 healthy men (controls). On a neurosis-discriminative diagram of CMI, areas I and II were considered as normal and areas III and IV were considered to be a neurotic disorder. The stress test included exercise and a quiz. Exercise test was performed in 8 patients with VA, 6 with OMI, and 5 controls, and a quiz was given to 4 patients with VA. Plasma catecholamines [noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (Ad), dopamine], aldosterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and serum electrolytes (Mg, Ca, Na, K, Cl) were measured before and after exposures to stress. The following results were obtained: 1) Of the patients with VA, 40.0% were categorized as area III or IV, compared to 18.7% of the patients with OMI, and 2.9% of the control subjects. 2) Among patients with VA, 64.0% exhibited anxiety states compatible with a psychological disorder. 3) NA and Ad were increased after exercise stress. 4) Serum Mg and Ca were also increased after exposure to exercise stress in all groups, and the degrees of these changes were correlated to the exercise intensity. The %delta Mg/%delta NA ratio, a parameter of the effect of catecholamine on the serum Mg, was greater in patients with VA than in those with OMI and the controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗