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PubMed1991

[Immunological assessment of tumour infiltrating lymphocyte subsets in renal cell carcinoma patients. An analysis of immunological reaction to immuno-competent lymphocytes by interferon-gamma].

Twenty-two patients with renal cell carcinoma subjected to radical nephrectomy were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of patients who received nephrectomy alone, and the second of 10 patients who received pre-operative IFN-gamma. Using monoclonal anti-bodies of each subset of lymphocytes, immunological distributions of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were evaluated by means of immunohistochemical staining and the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were evaluated by flow-cytometry. Furthermore, immunological effects of IFN-gamma on these immuno-competent cells were investigated. The effect of IFN-gamma on TIL was an increase in CD3 (pan-T cells), in particular an increase in CD8 (suppressor/cytotoxic-T cells). On the other hand, a significant increase in CD16 alone was found on PBL. As to the TIL according to stages, all subset ratios tended to be higher in high stage patients without administration of IFN-gamma. With pre-administration of IFN-gamma, a marked increase in CD3 was found among low stage patients. In examining these cells according to grades, no specific trend was observed between low and high grade patients without having IFN-gamma administration. With pre-administration of IFN-gamma, an increase in CD3 and CD8 was observed in low grade patients. As to PBL, a significant increase in CD16 alone was observed with pre-administration of IFN-gamma, and no correlation was found between stage and grade. We draw the conclusions that the subsets of TIL were quite different from those of PBL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A general method for the cytochemical and ultrastructural studies of human lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies.

After incubation with monoclonal mouse antisera raised against membrane differentiation antigens, subsets of human lymphocytes can be detected by means of latex microspheres or ox erythrocytes coated with anti-mouse Ig antibodies. Optimal conditions are described using a panel of monoclonal antisera (Ortho Pharmaceuticals and New England Nuclear). The method is as sensitive as the complement-mediated microcytotoxicity assay, is rapid, easy to perform and permits exhaustive light and electron microscopic studies of lymphocytes bound to the carrier particles. The advantages of the simultaneous analysis of cytological features and monoclonal antibody-defined surface markers in normal and pathological individual lymphocytes are discussed with regard to lymphoid cell maturation and neoplastic lymphocyte classification.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Lymphocyte subsets and mitogen induced proliferation in adjuvant arthritis. Part III. Numbers and functions of T lymphocytes in spleen.

The changes and the possible roles of splenic T lymphocyte subpopulations in high-responder Long-Evans (LE) rats and low-responder Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with induced adjuvant arthritis (AA) were investigated. Total splenic T lymphocytes of both strains did not change significantly after the adjuvant injection. However, LE rats exhibited an increase in percentage of helper T cells and helper/suppressor T cell ratio, whereas SD rats expressed a decrease in the ratio with concomitant increase of suppressor T cells. This observation suggested that an imbalance of T lymphocyte ratio not only existed in the peripheral blood as reported by other investigators, but also existed in the spleen of rats with AA. In vitro measurement of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) responses of splenic T lymphocytes revealed an increased PHA response in LE but a markedly decreased PHA response in SD. Both LE and SD rats showed decreased response to concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation. We concluded that PHA response, as an index of helper T cell function, coincided with the development of AA and may be responsible for the immunoregulation of the disease. The increased proliferation of suppressor T cell in SD rats may also be significant in regulating the immune response to AA.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lymphocyte subsets of maxillary mucosa in chronic inflammation.

Subsets of infiltrating lymphocytes within maxillary sinus mucosae of patients with chronic sinusitis were investigated by immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections with the use of monoclonal antibodies. The most commonly observed infiltrating cell type was suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) and smaller subpopulations of lymphocytes were helper/inducer T cells (CD4+) and B cells (CD20+). Variable numbers of HLA-DR+ cells were commonly observed in the lamina propria. The fibrous type of chronic sinusitis was found to have more suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) and lower CD4/CD8 ratio than the other histopathological types.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

An immunohistological study of CD4+ lymphocyte subsets within inflammatory lesions with special reference to rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.

The monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) WR16, UCHL1 and WR19 identify subsets of CD4+ lymphocytes that have been functionally characterized as suppressor inducer cells or helper inducer cells. These were applied as components of a panel of lymphocyte-specific mAbs for the phenotypic analysis of lymphocyte populations within biopsies taken from rheumatoid synovial membrane and normal and inflamed gut. The phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis were also compared to normal controls. The rheumatoid synovium was characterized immunohistologically by a lymphocytic infiltrate composed predominantly of CD4+ lymphocytes and a CD4:CD8 ratio of 2.4. The CD4+ population was composed of UCHL1+ cells to the exclusion of WR16+ cells. This finding was confirmed by double immunofluorescence staining using directly conjugated Leu-3a and WR16. The UCHL1+/WR16-/CD4+ phenotype was maintained in the synovial biopsies regardless of whether the patient had commenced treatment with disease modifying drugs. The absence of WR16+ cells within the rheumatoid synovium was shown to be a localized phenomenon as there was a slight elevation of circulating WR16+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of rheumatoids whilst the levels of UCHL1+ and WR19+ lymphocytes remained unchanged. As no appropriate normal control tissue is available for comparison to the rheumatoid synovium we also examined the lymphocytes present within Crohn's disease-involved bowel biopsies and compared them to normal gut tissue lymphocytes using WR16 and UCHL1 mAbs. The CD3+ lymphocytes present within normal tissue comprised a mixture of WR16+ and UCHL1+ cells. In contrast the CD3+ lymphocytes within Crohn's involved tissue were exclusively UCHL1+ as previously observed in the rheumatoid synovium. These data indicate that the CD4+ lymphocyte infiltrate present within inflammatory lesions of presumed distinct aetiology exhibit a localized selective loss of cells with the CD45R+/CD4+ suppressor inducer phenotype. This may be a consequence of the selective extravasation of CD4+ helper induced cells or more likely, in view of the previously documented loss of the p220 molecule identified by CD45R mAbs upon T-cell activation, the result of CD4+ T-cell activation at sites of inflammation.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1983

Modulation of granulomatous hypersensitivity. VI. T lymphocyte subsets influence mast cell density in liver granulomas of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice.

In murine schistosomiasis mansoni, a complex series of cell-cell interactions involving T cell subclasses regulates the intensity of the inflammatory granulomatous response. Recent evidence suggests that granuloma mast cells also participate in the regulatory process by the release of histamine. The current study was performed to determine factors that affect the number of granuloma mast cells. More mast cells were detected in liver granulomas from chronically (20-wk) as opposed to acutely (8-wk) infected mice. Adoptive transfer of spleen cells from 20-wk-infected donors into acutely (6-wk) infected recipients increased granuloma mast cell density. Treatment of spleen cells with anti-Thy-1.2 or anti-Lyt-1.1 antiserum and complement, but not anti-Lyt-2.1 or normal mouse serum, abrogated adoptive transfer-induced, augmentation of granuloma mast cell density. Treatment of acutely infected animals with cyclophosphamide or cimetidine (H2 antagonist enhanced granuloma mast cell density. These data suggest that granuloma mast cell density is dependent upon subsets of T lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Effects of sexual arousal on lymphocyte subset circulation and cytokine production in man.

OBJECTIVE: Sexual arousal and orgasm induce an increase in sympathetic activity as well as in catecholamine and prolactin plasma concentrations. However, the effects of sexual arousal and orgasm on immune functions in man are unknown. Thus, this study investigated the effects of masturbation-induced orgasm on lymphocyte circulation and cytokine production in healthy young males. METHODS: In a crossover design, 11 volunteers completed an experimental condition in which they were asked to masturbate until orgasm and to participate in a control condition without sexual activity. Blood was drawn continuously for determination of endocrine parameters. In addition, leukocyte and lymphocyte subsets were analyzed via flow cytometry, and the production of lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha was measured before and then 5 and 45 min after the orgasm. RESULTS: The results confirmed transient increases in adrenaline and prolactin plasma concentrations. Sexual arousal and orgasm increased the absolute number of leukocytes, in particular natural killer cells (CD3-CD16+CD56+), in the peripheral blood. In contrast, T cell (CD3+) and B cell (CD3-CD20+) subpopulations as well as the production of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosins factor alpha remained unaffected by sexual activity. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that components of the innate immune system are activated by sexual arousal and orgasm.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Effect of tripterygium polyglucoside on T-lymphocyte subsets and serum interleukin-5 level in asthma patients].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Tripterygium polyglucoside (TII) in treating asthma patients. METHODS: Thirty asthma patients of middle or sever leoel were selected and randomly divided into three groups, Group A treated with TII, Group B treated with prednisone and Group C, the control group. Their peripheral CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocytes were counted by flow cytometer and serum interleukin-5 (IL-5) level determined by ELISA before and after 4 weeks' treatment. RESULTS: In Group A, after treatment, CD4+ T-lymphocytes reduced from 0.462 +/- 0.035 to 0.426 +/- 0.039 (P < 0.01), CD8+ increased from 0.201 +/- 0.045 to 0.253 +/- 0.043 (P < 0.01), and serum IL-5 median concentration reduced from 65.3 ng/L to 10.9 ng/L (P < 0.01). Similar results was revealed in Group B, while there was insignificant change of the parameters in Group C. The serum concentration of IL-5 was positively correlated with the peripheral CD4+ count (r = 0.61, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: TII is highly effective in treating asthma through regulating T-lymphocyte subset disorder and inhibiting production of IL-5.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Haematological and lymphocyte subset analyses in sheep inoculated with bovine immunodeficiency-like virus.

Bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) was passaged in vivo by intraperitoneal transfusion of ovine whole blood. Prior to transfusion, the recipient sheep were given sodium thioglycolate intraperitoneally to induce mild non-suppurative inflammation. The anti-BIV antibody response, haematology, and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (B, gamma delta, CD2+, CD4+ and CD8+) of recipient sheep were assessed for one year following transfusion. Passaging was successful since serum anti-BIV antibody responses were detected in 5 of the 6 recipient sheep; 1 of the 5 remained seropositive throughout the study. Lentivirus was not isolated from the recipient sheep, but provirus was detected by the polymerase chain reaction in DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes in 3 of the 5 sheep that seroconverted. In the BIV-inoculated sheep, neutrophils and eosinophils were significantly increased (p < or = 0.05) at 3 months and between 6 and 8 months postinoculation, respectively. B, CD2+ and CD4+ cells and the CD4+/CD8+ ratios were significantly increased (p < or = 0.05) 2 months postinoculation. Mild, transient haematological changes occurred in BIV-exposed sheep, but illness was not detected in the year.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Study on lymphocyte subsets and NK cell function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.

An acquired defect or damage of a subpopulation of suppressor T lymphocytes is reported in connection with autoimmune diseases. In the present study, the role of immunity was examined in 7 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The frequency of lymphocyte subsets using monoclonal antibodies and natural killer (NK) cell activity was evaluated to determine whether DCM patients had lymphocyte abnormalities that would support the hypothesis that the pathological mechanism of DCM is an immune disturbance. The peripheral lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in patients with DCM and higher in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) than in normal controls (NC) (p less than 0.01). The percentage of T cells, B cells, OKT4 and OKT8 positive cells was not statistically different among the three groups studied here, whereas the percentage of T gamma cells was significantly reduced in DCM patients (p less than 0.05). NK cell functional activity as tested in DCM and IHD patients was frequently deficient (22.1 +/- 19.3% in DCM, 13.8 +/- 3.0% in IHD, 37.4 +/- 12.7% in NC). Our results suggest that an imbalance in cellular immune reactions partly explain the pathogenesis of DCM.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Different concentrations of interleukins in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis: relationships with lymphocyte subsets.

The present study explored the possible relationships between immune cell subsets and interleukin (IL)-12 or IL-13 levels in the peritoneal fluid of patients with and without endometriosis. Peritoneal fluid samples were obtained from 80 women while they were undergoing laparoscopy for pain, infertility, tubal ligation or re-anastomosis. The American Fertility Society scoring system was used to determine the extension of endometriosis. The peritoneal fluid mononuclear cells were analyzed for immunophenotyping using cytometry, whereas peritoneal fluid concentrations of interleukins were measured using two ultrasensitive commercially available enzyme-linked imnunosorbent assay kits. Significantly higher peritoneal fluid IL-12 levels were found in women with moderate or severe endometriosis (stages III and IV) than in healthy controls (p < 0.01). Conversely, subjects with endometriosis showed remarkably lower peritoneal fluid IL-13 concentrations than controls, independent of the severity of the disease (p < 0.05). Considering immune system effectors, patients with endometriosis presented a significantly higher peritoneal fluid CD8+/CD4+ ratio when compared with healthy controls. Moreover, the number of peritoneal fluid CD8+ and CD4+ activated T cells was significantly lower in the former than in the latter group, independent of the endometriosis stage. Connections were observed between peritoneal fluid interleukins and peritoneal fluid T cells: both patients with endometriosis and controls presented an inverse correlation between peritoneal fluid activated T cells and IL-13 levels, and a direct correlation between peritoneal fluid T cells and IL-12 concentrations. These data seem to suggest that a reciprocal modulation exists between peritoneal fluid cytokines and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with endometriosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Thymectomy and azathioprine have no effect on the phenotype of CD4 T lymphocyte subsets in myasthenia gravis.

The influence of thymectomy and long term immunosuppression on the phenotype of CD4 T lymphocyte subsets, which were defined by the restricted expression of CD45RA and CD45RO markers, was studied by double immunofluorescence in 29 patients in different clinical stages of generalised myasthenia gravis. In the acute stage of myasthenia, before thymectomy and immunosuppression, no differences in CD4 subsets were observed in the peripheral blood from nine patients and 21 matched controls. Four to seven weeks after thymectomy, there was a slightly decreased proportion of CD4+CD45RO+ (UCHL1+) memory cells (p < 0.05, paired t test). Patients on steroids showed a more pronounced decrease of CD4+CD45RO+ cells suggesting, in addition, a drug-related effect. CD4 subsets (CD45RA, CD45RO, and CD29 positive) in the peripheral blood compartment remained largely stable over 18 to 24 months thereafter. In addition, CD4 subsets were examined in 20 patients with myasthenia gravis who had had a thymectomy between two and 17 years before. With the exception of patients on steroids, there were no differences in CD4 subsets in patients on or off azathioprine. These data did not show any relation of CD4 T cell subsets to the clinical course of myasthenia, or significant changes due to thymectomy, or immunosuppression with azathioprine. These results also complement the authors' clinical experience that thymectomy in adults does not leave a deficit in cell-mediated immunity. The slight change associated with steroid treatment might deserve further attention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Intracellular IL-5 and T-lymphocyte subsets in atopic and nonatopic bronchial asthma.

BACKGROUND: Allergen-stimulated IL-5 production by CD4+ T cells is the key issue in atopic asthma. On the other hand, virus-specific CD8+ T cells produce IL-5 and might play an important role in the pathogenesis of nonatopic asthma. OBJECTIVES: We sought to compare the IL-5-producing T-lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of atopic and nonatopic asthmatic subjects, especially the contribution of IL-5-producing CD8(+) T cells in nonatopic asthma. METHODS: Heparinized blood samples were obtained from subjects with atopic asthma (n = 10), subjects with nonatopic asthma (n = 10), and healthy subjects (n = 10) and stimulated with ionomycin and phorbol myristate acetate in the presence of brefeldin A. Two-color flow cytometric analysis with mAbs to cell-surface antigens and intracellular IL-5 was used to detect the IL-5-producing T-cell subsets. RESULTS: A higher percentage of IL-5-producing CD3(+) T cells was detected in subjects with atopic and nonatopic asthma than that seen in the healthy subjects. The percentage of IL-5-producing CD4(+) T cells was significantly higher in subjects with atopic asthma than in the healthy subjects. The percentage of IL-5-producing CD8(+) T cells was significantly higher in subjects with nonatopic asthma than in the healthy subjects. The percentage of IL-5-producing CD8(+) T cells was higher in subjects with nonatopic asthma than in those with atopic asthma, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: CD4(+) T cells are the major source of IL-5 among CD3(+) lymphocytes in subjects with atopic asthma. On the other hand, increased IL-5 production by CD8(+) T cells, as well as by CD4(+) T cells, is a characteristic feature of nonatopic asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The appearance of S-100 protein-positive dendritic cells and the distribution of lymphocyte subsets in idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.

Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) is a progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. We investigated dendritic cells in idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) immunohistochemically, using anti-S-100 protein antibody and anti-HLA-DR antibody and also evaluated the relationship between the distribution of S-100 protein-positive dendritic cells (S- 100 DCs) and the lymphocytic subsets in the lung tissue of NSIP. Fifteen patients with the pathological diagnosis of idiopathic NSIP and six patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) were recruited into this study. Many S-100 DCs were observed in all the cases of idiopathic NSIP but S-100 DCs were not recognized in UIP cases invariably. In the mirror section method, most S-100 DCs showed a positive reaction of anti-HLA-DR antibody but a negative reaction for anti-CD1a antibody. CD8 and CD4 positive lymphocytes were infiltrated diffusely around S-100 DCs. It was demonstrated that the infiltration of CD8 positive lymphocytes predominated in the fibrosing areas and lymphoid follicles around S-100 DCs more so than CD4 positive lymphocytes.We speculate that the pathogenesis of NSIP is different from UIP and that DC and T cell-mediated immune mechanisms may play a role in the development and perpetuation of NSIP.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Cutting edge: selection of B lymphocyte subsets is regulated by natural IgM.

Natural IgM has a wide range of actions in the immune system. Here we demonstrate that mice lacking serum IgM have an expansion in splenic marginal zone B cells with a proportionately smaller reduction in follicular B cells. The increase in the marginal zone-follicular B cell ratio (and an expansion in peritoneal B1a cells) is fully reversed by administration of polyclonal IgM, but not by two IgM monoclonals. Mice engineered to have a secreted oligoclonal IgM repertoire with an endogenous membrane IgM also exhibited a similar expansion of marginal zone B cells. We propose that natural IgM, by virtue of its polyreactivity, enhances Ag-driven signaling through the B cell receptor and promotes the formation of follicular B cells. These results demonstrate that natural IgM regulates the selection of B lymphocyte subsets.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Influence of age, sex, and hepatitis C virus infection on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in stable kidney transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Young age and hepatitis C virus infection (HCVI) are believed to be risk factors in kidney transplantation recipients. The first group is treated empirically with an intensive immunosuppressive regimen, because it is considered to have high immune alloreactivity. The other cohort usually receives a less intensive regimen to avoid excessive immunosuppressive effects. Our aim was to investigate the influence of age, sex, and HCVI on immune status in stable kidney transplant recipients through measurement of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. METHODS: Absolute CD3+, CD3+, CD4+, CD3+, CD8+, CD19+, CD16+ CD3- lymphocyte counts and CD4/CD8 ratios were assessed at five time points in 65 stable kidney allograft patients over 12 months. The subsets were compared according to age, sex, and HCVI of the recipients. RESULTS: An inverse association was observed between recipient age and absolute CD19+ and CD3+ CD4+ lymphocyte counts, which was significant at all time points with respect to CD19+ counts, and at three time points with respect to CD3+ CD4+ counts. A significant positive association was observed between recipient age and absolute CD3- CD16+ lymphocyte counts at three time points. Female recipients showed significantly lower CD3+ CD8+ counts and significantly higher CD4/CD8 ratios than male recipients at four time points. HCVI recipients showed significantly lower CD16+ CD3- counts at four time points. CONCLUSIONS: We observed links between immune status and age, sex and HCVI in stable kidney transplant recipients that could offer new insights into recommendations for maintenance immunosuppression.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

T-lymphocyte subsets in the aqueous humor and peripheral blood of patients with acute untreated uveitis.

We evaluated T-lymphocyte subsets in 18 patients with active untreated uveitis and in 20 controls by monoclonal OKT (Ortho-Kung-T cell) antibodies. Both OKT4- and OKT8-positive cells were detected in the aqueous humor of patients with uveitis. The percentage of OKT4-positive cells (21.1 +/- 7.4) was larger than that of OKT8-positive cells (15.2 +/- 5.3) and the OKT4-OKT8 ratio was 1.40 +/- 0.3. A comparison of aqueous humor and peripheral blood cells from patients with uveitis showed diminished frequencies of OKT4- and OKT8-positive cells. The OKT4-OKT8 ratios were not significantly different. A comparison of peripheral blood cells from patients with uveitis and from controls showed that patients with uveitis had lower OKT4-OKT8 ratios. Lower percentages of OKT4-positive cells were also observed in the peripheral blood cells of patients with uveitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

[Effect of compound glycyrrhizin on peripheral T-lymphocyte subset in AIDS patients].

OBJECTIVE: To probe the effect and mechanism of Compound Glycyrrhizin in treating AIDS. METHODS: Forty AIDS patients were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, both treated with HAART. In addition, the former was given Compound Glycyrrhizin for 6 months, and the CD4+ T count and the expressions of CD8+ and HLA-DR on the surface of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were studied before and after the treatment. RESULTS: After 6 months of treatment, the expressions of CD8+ and CD38+ of PBL in the treatment group [(6.6 +/- 2.1)%] were found lower than in the control [(11.4 +/- 3.8)%] (t = 5.043, P < 0.01) and CD4+ T count [(243.6 +/- 91.2) x 10(6)/L vs (170.8 +/- 55.7) x 10(6)/L] rose more significantly (t = 3.045, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Compound Glycyrrhizin can lower the expression of active T-lymphocyte subset, inhibit HIV and help immune reconstitution.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1↗