Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Library Schools”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

995 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Effective medical treatment of opiate addiction. National Consensus Development Panel on Effective Medical Treatment of Opiate Addiction.

OBJECTIVE: To provide clinicians, patients, and the general public with a responsible assessment of the effective approaches to treat opiate dependence. PARTICIPANTS: A nonfederal, nonadvocate, 12-member panel representing the fields of psychology, psychiatry, behavioral medicine, family medicine, drug abuse, epidemiology, and the public. In addition, 25 experts from these same fields presented data to the panel and a conference audience of 600. Presentations and discussions were divided into 3 phases over 2 1/2 days: (1) presentations by investigators working in the areas relevant to the consensus questions during a 2-day public session; (2) questions and statements from conference attendees during open discussion periods that are part of the public session; and (3) closed deliberations by the panel during the remainder of the second day and morning of a third day. The conference was organized and supported by the Office of Medical Applications of Research, National Institutes of Health. EVIDENCE: The literature was searched through MEDLINE and other National Library of Medicine and online databases from January 1994 through September 1997 and an extensive bibliography of 941 references was provided to the panel and the conference audience. Experts prepared abstracts for their presentations as speakers at the conference with relevant citations from the literature. Scientific evidence was given precedence over clinical anecdotal experience. CONSENSUS PROCESS: The panel, answering predefined questions, developed its conclusions based on the scientific evidence presented in open forum and the scientific literature. The panel composed a draft statement that was read in its entirety and circulated to the experts and the audience for comment. Thereafter, the panel resolved conflicting recommendations and released a revised statement at the end of the conference. The panel finalized the revisions within a few weeks after the conference. The draft statement was made available on the World Wide Web immediately following its release at the conference and was updated with the panel's final revisions. CONCLUSIONS: Opiate dependence is a brain-related medical disorder that can be effectively treated with significant benefits for the patient and society, and society must make a commitment to offer effective treatment for opiate dependence to all who need it. All persons dependent on opiates should have access to methadone hydrochloride maintenance therapy under legal supervision, and the US Office of National Drug Control Policy and the US Department of Justice should take the necessary steps to implement this recommendation. There is a need for improved training for physicians and other health care professionals. Training to determine diagnosis and treatment of opiate dependence should also be improved in medical schools. The unnecessary regulations of methadone maintenance therapy and other long-acting opiate agonist treatment programs should be reduced, and coverage for these programs should be a required benefit in public and private insurance programs.

Cost of Illness↗
PubMed1996

The introduction of evidence-based medicine as a component of daily practice.

Evidence-based medicine is an increasingly important concept in continuing medical education and medical school curricula. To cope with the rapid evolution of medicine, physicians need to remain abreast of the many new therapies and diagnostic tools that affect their practices. Unfortunately, along with the many changes there is also a surplus of relevant written material. Physicians are unable to read all of this information due to time constraints. Instead, they must choose information efficiently. Tools are needed to facilitate this process. Over a two-month period, a demonstration model was carried out at the Ottawa General Hospital to encourage faculty, residents, and students to incorporate evidence-based medicine into their daily practice. A study was conducted to investigate the level and type of information required by these individuals in a clinical setting. A literature searching service was introduced six months after the formal introduction of evidence-based medicine in the Department of Medicine. The logistics of and recommendations for providing such a service are presented in this paper.

Decision Making, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1997

Screening for drugs of abuse (II): Cannabinoids, lysergic acid diethylamide, buprenorphine, methadone, barbiturates, benzodiazepines and other drugs.

Requirements for the provision of an efficient and reliable service for drugs of abuse screening in urine have been summarized in Part I of this review. The requirements included rapid turn-around times, good communications between requesting clinicians and the laboratory, and participation in quality assessment schemes. In addition, the need for checking/confirmation of positive results obtained for preliminary screening methods was stressed. This aspect of the service has assumed even greater importance with widespread use of dip-stick technology and the increasing number of reasons for which drug screening is performed. Many of these additional uses of drug screening have possible serious legal implications, for example, screening school pupils, professional footballers, parents involved in child custody cases, persons applying for renewal of a driving licence after disqualification for a drug-related offence, doctors seeking re-registration after removal for drug abuse, and checking for compliance with terms of probation orders; as well as pre-employment screening and work-place testing. In many cases these requests will be received from a general practitioner or drug clinic with no indication of the reason for which testing has been requested. This also raises the serious problems of a chain of custody, provision of two samples, stability of samples, and secure and lengthy storage of samples in the laboratory-samples may be requested by legal authorities several months after the initial testing. The need for confirmation of positive results is now widely accepted but it may be equally important to confirm unexpected negative results. Failure to detect the presence of maintenance drugs may lead to the patient being discharged from a drug treatment clinic and, if attendance at the clinic is one of the terms of continued employment, to dismissal. It seems likely that increasing abuse of drugs and the efforts of regulatory authorities to control this, will lead to the manufacture of more designer drugs. Production of substituted phenethylamines was facilitated by the drug makers' cook book, 'PIHKAL' (Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved) by Dr Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin, and production of substituted tryptamines is promised in their next book, TIHKAL. Looking to the future, laboratories will need to ensure that they can detect and quantitate an ever-increasing number of drugs and related substances. The question of confidence in results of drugs of abuse testing raised in 1993 by Watson has assumed even greater importance as a result of attention focused on the OJ Simpson trial in Los Angeles. Toxicological investigations are likely to be challenged more frequently in the future. Even if analyses have been performed by GC-MS, there is a need to establish the level of match between the spectrum of the unknown substance and a library spectrum which is considered acceptable for legal purposes. It will also be essential to ensure that computer libraries contain spectra for all substances likely to be encountered in drugs of abuse screening.

Barbiturates↗
PubMed2006

"Mini-Medical School for Librarians": from needs assessment to educational outcomes.

PURPOSE: This study evaluates the outcomes of the "Mini-Medical School for Librarians" or "Medical School Experience," a continuing education symposium designed to improve librarians' understanding of medicine and medical education. SUBJECTS: The subjects are the symposium participants, a group that consisted of fifty-eight medical librarians and other information professionals. METHODOLOGY: Pre- and post-symposium self-evaluation surveys gauged participants' self-assessed confidence with the course content. A follow-up survey was administered six months after the symposium. A learning action plan recorded both the intended and actual applications of course content to professional settings. RESULTS: T-test analysis of paired pre- and post-symposium responses reveal a significant positive change in the mean self-assessed confidence with course content immediately following the symposium. Pairings of post-symposium and follow-up survey responses indicate a slight reversal in attendees' confidence in the months following the symposium, but pairings of pre-symposium and follow-up survey results demonstrate that the longitudinal impact of the program on self-assessed confidence with course content was positive and significant. Analysis of the learning action plan revealed a disparity in how participants planned to use the information they learned in the course and how they actually used it. CONCLUSIONS: Continuing education programs that address the content and structure of medicine can be an effective means by which to inform both the novice's and mid-career medical librarian's understanding of medicine and medical education.

Education, Continuing↗
PubMed1996

The photographic collection of Charles John Bond (1856-1939.

During the history of the Leicester Royal Infirmary from its foundation in 1771, Charles John Bond (1856-1939) emerges as one of the most distinguished members of the medical staff. He was born at Bittesby House in Leicestershire and brought up on his father's farm, where his early interest in natural history was fostered, and was further developed when he want to Repton school, nearby. His medical career began in February 1875, when he was apprenticed to Dr C M Sidley, a general practitioner of Welford Road, Leicester. For a short time he was an "outdoor" pupil at Leicester Infirmary before proceeding to University College London in the following October. He gained gold medals in physiology and anatomy and silver medals in surgery, midwifery, and medical jurisprudence, qualified in 1879 and was appointed house surgeon to Bedford General Infirmary. He returned to London in 1882 to study for the FRCS and shared rooms in Charlotte Street with his lifelong friend Victor Horsley, who in that year was appointed Assistant Professor of Pathology at University College Hospital. In the same year Charles Bond returned to Leicester and became house surgeon to Sir Charles Marriott. He did much to extend the use of Lister's recently introduced antiseptic methods. In the short period of four years he was appointed full surgeon at the Infirmary, and in 1893, because of his distingugished career and wide interests, he was offered the opportunity of joining the staff of University College Hospital. However, he preferred to stay in Leicester in spite of the limited opportunities for scientific investigation and research. In 1890 he married Edith, daughter of George Simpson, a justice of the peace in Derbyshire, and in 1910 they moved to a large Victorian house, Fernshaw, in Springfield Road on the then outskirts of Leicester, where various animals and birds could be kept for use in his experimental work. In this year he took the unusual step of giving up his large private practice to devote more time to study and to his research interests. three years later, at the age of 57, he retired from the staff of the Infirmary, and the governing body made him an honorary consultant surgeon and also elected him a vice president, the only doctor to be so honoured. Thus he retained a close association with his hospital until his death in 1939.

History, 19th Century↗