Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Intelligence Tests”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Long-term effects of vacuum and forceps deliveries.

The long-term effects of vacuum and forceps deliveries are largely unknown. We determined the long-term outcome of instrumental deliveries in 52,282 infants born in Jerusalem between 1964 and 1972. For each individual, events at birth were related to results of an intelligence test and medical examination done at 17 years of age by the Israeli Defence Forces draft board. 1747 individuals were delivered by vacuum, 937 by forceps, 47,500 by spontaneous delivery, and 2098 by caesarean section. Crude data showed that mean intelligence scores at 17 were significantly higher (p less than 0.0001) in the vacuum and forceps deliveries groups than in the spontaneous-delivery group; however, after adjustment for confounding factors by stepwise multiple regression, these differences were no longer seen. Although the forceps-delivery group had functional impairment of feet, vision, and retina compared with the spontaneous-delivery group, and the vacuum-extraction group had impairment of the legs, differences were small. Our findings suggest that infants delivered by vacuum or forceps are not at risk of physical and cognitive impairment at 17 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Discrimination of normal and at-risk preschool children on the basis of neurological tests.

A set of neurological tasks was administered to normal three- and five-year-old preschool children as well as to equal-age children identified as being at-risk for learning disabilities. 12 neurological test items were identified that differentiated normal from at-risk children at one or both ages. Follow-up of the five-year-olds at age seven showed a significant linear relation between scores on neurological tasks and the Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children. The neurological examination at age five also had predictive value regarding class placement at age seven. The findings suggest that a simple neurological test may be helpful for the early identification of preschool children who are at risk for learning difficulties.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1988

[Depressive syndromes in the involutional age and old age--a synopsis of computerized tomography, test psychologic and clinical findings].

The importance of the computertomographic, testpsychological, and clinical findings at the appearance of depressive syndromes during the involutional age and the senium has been investigated. The hypothesis is not to confirm which says that a cerebral atrophy indicated by the computer-assisted tomogram shows an unfavourable prognosis. The supposal saying that inferior results of an intelligence test (HAWIE) indicate a negative prediction was not to corroborate. By the way, patients who often had been in stationary treatment tended to show an unfavourable development (p less than 0.1) of the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

The family-oriented home visiting program: a longitudinal study.

Designed and tested a home-based intervention program for low-income mothers with toddler and at least one other child under five. Sex of toddlers and race (black or white) about equally divided. Nine months of weekly home visits were specifically planned for each mother to enhance her effectiveness as an educational change agent. Treatment was planned to promote skills and understandings applicable over range of ages. Pretests, immediate posttests, and posttests one and two years later were administered to 27 experimental families and to a randomly assigned control group of 20. At .05 level of significance or beyond, experimentals excelled controls on receptive language test (toddler), on the Caldwell HOME (mother was indirectly rated as an educational change agent), and on a measure of teaching style (mother). They were also significantly superior on the Binet (toddler) at second posttest. No differences found with older siblings on Slosson Intelligence Test. Differences at third posttest were at least as great as earlier ones on mother measures. Relationships among child and mother measures are discussed.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed1995

Case control study of chronic fatigue in pediatric patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the demographic characteristics, medical features, psychological profile, and natural history of children with chronic fatigue. DESIGN: Case control study. SETTING: Pediatric Infectious Diseases Clinic of Kosair Children's Hospital, 1990 to 1992. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-four patients referred for persistent fatigue were evaluated. Twenty patients participated in a psychological study; 20 healthy controls of similar age and gender were recruited from community pediatric practices and 20 matched depressed controls were recruited from university psychiatry services (subjects were treated as groups in the analyses). MEASURES: Demographic data were obtained for all referred patients. Those with fatigue for at least 2 months and no alternative diagnosis received a detailed history, physical, and battery of laboratory tests (complete blood count, sedimentation rate, chemistry panel, chest X-ray thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroxine, anti-nuclear antibodies, urinalysis, immunoglobulins, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), toxoplasma, and cytomegalovirus serologies). Psychological study participants completed the following: background structured interview; Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test; Children's Depression Inventory; Child Behavior Checklist; Youth Self Report; Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Revised; mail-in follow-up survey. RESULTS: The median age of fatigue patients was 14.3 years; 60% were female, 96% white, and 87% from the mid/upper socioeconomic status (SES). Fatigue patients were demographically similar to 21 patients referred for infectious mononucleosis (IM) but were older than other clinic patients (P < .0001). White race (P = .0568) and mid/upper SES (P = .0403) were over-represented among fatigue patients compared to patients referred for other diagnoses. Of 36 patients meeting criteria for further study, 5 had an IM-like illness including evidence of recent EBV infection. For the remaining 31 patients, clinical and laboratory evaluations were unrevealing. Psychological study subjects reported marked declines in quality-of-life and scored high on measures of internalizing, withdrawal, and social isolation. Nine met diagnostic criteria for depression, although depressive symptoms were not as prominent as those reported by depressed controls. Fatigue subjects scored higher on somatization than both control groups. The follow-up survey indicated symptomatic improvement in most patients. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic fatigue was a common reason for referral, with over-representation of white children from mid/upper SES. After exclusion of EBV-associated IM, screening laboratory tests were not helpful in establishing specific organic diagnoses. Whereas the natural history was favorable, chronic fatigue resulted in major quality-of-life changes and was associated with significant levels of psychosocial distress. IMPLICATIONS: Psychological evaluation is warranted in these patients, as some may have treatable psychological conditions. Given the absence of proved medical therapies, psychosocial interventions to improve quality-of-life should be studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Emotional intelligence and social interaction.

Two studies found positive relationships between the ability to manage emotions and the quality of social interactions, supporting the predictive and incremental validity of an ability measure of emotional intelligence, the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). In a sample of 118 American college students (Study 1), higher scores on the managing emotions subscale of the MSCEIT were positively related to the quality of interactions with friends, evaluated separately by participants and two friends. In a diary study of social interaction with 103 German college students (Study 2), managing emotions scores were positively related to the perceived quality of interactions with opposite sex individuals. Scores on this subscale were also positively related to perceived success in impression management in social interactions with individuals of the opposite sex. In both studies, the main findings remained statistically significant after controlling for Big Five personality traits.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

A levels and intelligence as predictors of medical careers in UK doctors: 20 year prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether A level grades (achievement) and intelligence (ability) predict doctors' careers. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with follow up after 20 years by postal questionnaire. SETTING: A UK medical school in London. PARTICIPANTS: 511 doctors who had entered Westminster Medical School as clinical students between 1975 and 1982 were followed up in January 2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time taken to reach different career grades in hospital or general practice, postgraduate qualifications obtained (membership/fellowships, diplomas, higher academic degrees), number of research publications, and measures of stress and burnout related to A level grades and intelligence (result of AH5 intelligence test) at entry to clinical school. General health questionnaire, Maslach burnout inventory, and questionnaire on satisfaction with career at follow up. RESULTS: 47 (9%) doctors were no longer on the Medical Register. They had lower A level grades than those who were still on the register (P < 0.001). A levels also predicted performance in undergraduate training, performance in postregistration house officer posts, and time to achieve membership qualifications (Cox regression, P < 0.001; b=0.376, SE=0.098, exp(b)=1.457). Intelligence did not independently predict dropping off the register, career outcome, or other measures. A levels did not predict diploma or higher academic qualifications, research publications, or stress or burnout. Diplomas, higher academic degrees, and research publications did, however, significantly correlate with personality measures. CONCLUSIONS: Results of achievement tests, in this case A level grades, which are particularly used for selection of students in the United Kingdom, have long term predictive validity for undergraduate and postgraduate careers. In contrast, a test of ability or aptitude (AH5) was of little predictive validity for subsequent medical careers.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1999

[The combined effect of noise and vibration on intelligibility of Chinese syllables].

Objective. The changes of auditory effect on Chinese single syllables uttered by talker under combined condition of noise and vibration were investigated. Method. The intelligibility tests were made under three conditions (quiet, 0 dB and -6 dB S/N ratios). The utterances were recorded under combined factors of noise and vibration, single factor of noise or vibration, and the control condition. Result. As compared with control group, the decrease of speech intelligibilities in combined factors groups was significant. It also occurred in most cases as compared with the single factors groups. It showed that combined effects played greater roles as S/N decreased in listening environment. As S/N was -6 dB, the intelligibilities were less than 70 percent. Conclusion. The speech production will be changed under noise and vibration, and the changes will deteriorate communication, especially in adverse listening environment. The results have important implications for communication in aerospace and military environments.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1983

The Texas Adoption Project: adopted children and their intellectual resemblance to biological and adoptive parents.

Intelligence test scores were obtained from parents and children in 300 adoptive families and compared with similar measures available for the biological mothers of the same adopted children. Results supported the hypothesis that genetic variability is an important influence in the development of individual differences for intelligence. The most salient finding was that adopted children resemble their biological mothers more than they resemble the adoptive parents who reared them from birth. A small subset of the oldest adopted children did not resemble their biological mothers. The suggestion that the influence of genes declines with age is treated with caution since other adoption studies report a trend in the opposite direction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Fetal malnutrition: an experimental study of its consequences on infant development in two caregiving environments.

Infants from low socioeconomic status families were randomly assigned to an instructional day-care program designed to prevent socioculturally caused mental retardation or to a nonintervention control group. This assignment procedure resulted in an equal distribution of full-term, full-birth-weight, fetally malnourished babies in 2 environments varying in intellectually supportive characteristics. The condition of fetal malnourishment was defined by infants having low ponderal indices (PI). At 3 months of age low-PI infants showed lower Bayley Mental Development Index (MDI) scores than normal-PI infants, independent of the environment. In the control group low-PI infants still had lower MDI scores than normal-PI infants at 18 months of age. However, at that time in the day-care group, low-PI infants scored as well as normal-PI infants. These findings were replicated when the infants were 24 months of age with Stanford-Binet intelligence tests. Observations of mothers' involvement with their infants showed that, although all groups had similar amounts of maternal involvement when the babies were 6 months of age, the mothers of low-PI infants in the control group showed less involvement with their infants at 18 months of age than the other mothers. We suggest that this longitudinal study provides experimental evidence for a transactional model of development which emphasizes both newborn infant characteristics and environmental quality as cocontributors to the process of development.

Child Day Care Centers↗
PubMed1990

Impairment of speech intelligibility in men with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Speech intelligibility was studied in a group of 25 male patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The object of the study was to determine the phonetic impairments underlying the speech intelligibility deficits that frequently accompany ALS. Analyses with a word intelligibility test indicated that the most disrupted phonetic features involved phonatory (voicing contrast) function, velopharyngeal valving, place and manner of articulation for lingual consonants, and regulation of tongue height for vowels. The mean error proportion for the five most severely affected features correlated highly (0.97) with the intelligibility score (percent correct). The phonetic feature analyses are one index of bulbar muscle impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and also may help to direct the speech management in these individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Central auditory processing assessment: a French-speaking battery.

Based on the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Consensus Statement on central auditory processing and models for their exploration, a battery of audiological tests (Bilan Auditif Central--BAC) has been designed in French. The BAC consists of four types of psycho-acoustic tests: a speech-in-noise test, a dichotic test, a temporal processing test and a binaural interaction test. We briefly describe the rationale of these tests. The BAC is available in digital format. Descriptive statistics were computed on data obtained from 668 subjects divided into 15 age-groups ranging from 5 to 85 years old or over. All subjects had no complaints regarding hearing loss, normal tonal audiometry, and normal intelligence. Tests scores of the speech-in-noise test, the dichotic test and the binaural interaction test showed a normal distribution. Test scores of the temporal processing test did not follow a normal distribution. Effects of maturation and involution were clearly visible for all tests. The low correlation between scores obtained from the four tests pointed to the need for a battery of several tests to assess central auditory processing. We claim that the reported scores represent standard norms for the normal French-speaking population, and believe that the tests will be useful for evaluation of central auditory processing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A controlled study of the effect of balanced general anaesthesia on cognitive functions in hypertensives on propranolol.

The aim of this study was to observe the effect of general anaesthesia (GA) on multiple dimensions of cognitive functioning in hypertensives on propranolol therapy (group A) in comparison to a control group (group B). Ten subjects in each group were administered a battery of six psychological cognitive tests pre- and post-intervention under GA. Both groups showed a significant decrement in memory scores on the 4th postoperative day which showed signs of recovery on seventh day (P < 0.05 for both groups). The group A patients were further compromised in one of the intelligence test scores (Standard progressive matrices) from the beginning (P < 0.05). Although this intergroup deficit persisted even on the 7th postoperative day (P < 0.05), no added effects of GA on this parameter was observed in group A (P > 0.05). In conclusion, GA induced transient memory deficit in both groups. This should be kept in mind while considering 'street fitness' following general anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Cognitive functioning and psychiatric disorders in children with a metabolic disease.

OBJECTIVE: To report on the intelligence scores and the psychiatric pathology of distinct groups of children with metabolic diseases. METHODS: The study population consists of 53 children between 0 and 18 years of age. Diagnostic assessment included a semi-structured interview, self-report questionnaires and a standard intelligence test. RESULTS: In 40% of the children older than 5 years, a child psychiatric diagnosis was made. While CBCL total and internalizing scores did not differ between metabolic disease groups, the CBCL externalizing scores for some groups did. Two fifths of the children showed a below normal intelligence, while a performal-verbal IQ discrepancy was found in half of the children. Of the school aged children almost one third attended a special needs school. CONCLUSION: In spite of the small sample size, the results suggest substantial psychiatric problems in children with a metabolic disease. Further study on larger groups is warranted, which should enable further comparison of patients affected by specific metabolic diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Short-term total sleep deprivations does not selectively impair higher cortical functioning.

Previous research has shown that total sleep deprivation produces impairment in sustained attention and vigilance especially if the deprivation period is greater than 48 hours. However little is known about the effects of sleep deprivation on performance of tasks considered to be measures of higher cortical functioning such as tests of cognitive flexibility and the capacity to shift from one response set to another. One current hypothesis is that sleep deprivation of a shorter duration (34-36 hours) adversely affects higher cortical function while effects on attention and vigilance tasks are relatively mild. Performance on an intelligence test, a test of sustained attention and tests designed to measure higher cortical function were compared in a group of 29 subjects who underwent 34-36 hours of continuous sleep deprivation and 32 normal sleeping control subjects. No significant group performance differences in the hypothesized direction were noted on any measure. One night of total sleep deprivation does not appear to impair performance on tasks that are designed to assess higher cortical functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The ecological validity of pediatric neuropsychological tests of attention.

Neuropsychological tests are frequently used clinically to predict real-world, or adaptive functioning; however, there are too few data to support such predictions. The relationship between adaptive functioning and, in particular, attention tests, has not been documented. The present study sought to determine the association between several domains of attention and adaptive functioning in a heterogeneous clinical sample of 119 children. A significant omnibus canonical correlation (Rc=.54) indicated that attention and adaptive functioning are correlated even when controlling for intelligence. Tests of attention and adaptive functioning domains that give rise to the overall association are discussed in terms of their clinical utility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[MRI of chronic toluene intoxication].

We examined MRI of 7 chronic "thinner" abusers sniffing mainly toluene for more than 5 years. MRI examination revealed cerebral atrophies in 5 out of 7 patients and hippocampal atrophies in 3 out of 7 patients. Five out of 7 patients showed low intensity signal in bilateral thalamus on T2 weighted images and 2 showed high intensity signal in internal capsule (especially posterior limb) on T2 weighted image together with the change of thalamus. The results of intelligence test for 6 patients showed significant impairment (56 +/- 17, mean +/- S.D.). SPECT with 99mTc-HMPAO of a patient showed non-selective diffuse low perfusion in cerebral cortex. Reduction of cerebral blood flow would be significant for understanding cerebral and hippocampal atrophies or the deterioration of the intelligence of chronic toluene abusers.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Post-treatment intellectual functioning in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with chemotherapy-only: a prospective, sibling-controlled study.

Intellectual functioning (verbal, performance and full-scale IQ) in 43 children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with chemotherapy-only was evaluated in a nationwide, prospective, sibling-controlled study. Intellectual assessment was performed at diagnosis and repeated shortly after cessation of 2 years treatment, including intrathecal and systemic chemotherapy. Using hierarchical regression analysis, patients' and siblings' (n=27) scores were longitudinally analysed and compared to assess possible changes and differences over time. At both assessments, before and after treatment, the patients showed average scores on intelligence tests compared to population norms. Longitudinal analysis and cross-sectional comparisons revealed no significant differences between patients and controls. Young patients showed a small relative decline, albeit not significant, on performance-IQ compared to healthy siblings. Despite intensive and potentially neurotoxic treatment, no evident negative effects on intelligence were found. However, it cannot be precluded that younger patients are at risk for a small decline in PIQ.

Adolescent↗