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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Decreased identification rate of sentinel lymph node after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

We prospectively studied the feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy by comparing the identification rate and the false-negative rate (FNR) with the results obtained from the patients without chemotherapy. From October 2001 to March 2003, a total of 284 consecutive patients who underwent SLNB and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) at the Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center were enrolled. Of the 284 patients, 54 underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to operation. The sentinel lymph node (SLN) was mapped by radioactive colloid alone or in combination with blue dye. All SLNs were evaluated by 2 mm serial sections after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The overall SLN identification rate was 91.9% (261/284): 72.2% (39/54) of the patients after chemotherapy and 96.5% (222/230) of the patients without chemotherapy. These results suggest that preoperative chemotherapy significantly affects lymphatic mapping ( p< 0.001). Among the patients with chemotherapy, there were 3 false negatives in 39 successfully mapped tumors, yielding an FNR of 11.1% (3/27), a negative prediction value (NPV) of 80.0% (12/15), and an accuracy of 92.3% (36/39). There were 10 false negatives among 222 successfully detected patients without chemotherapy, yielding an FNR of 9.9% (10/101), an NPV of 92.4% (121/131), and an accuracy of 95.5% (212/222). These results were not statistically different when compared ( p > 0.05). Although the SLN identification rate significantly decreased after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, SLNB could accurately predict axillary status. Thus SLNB can be an alternative to ALND even after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cases of successful identification of the SLN.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Results of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy for breast cancer are predictive of identification of axillary sentinel lymph nodes.

The aim of this study was to identify the variables associated with successful peroperative sentinel lymph node (SLN) localization. We studied 201 patients with T1, T2, N0 invasive breast cancer who underwent a SLN procedure from 1999 to 2003. Of these 201 patients, 55 underwent peritumoral and 146 underwent periareolar radioisotope injection before the blue dye injection. All patients were operated on by breast conservative surgery and axillary dissection after SLN biopsy. Age, weight, menopausal status, previous biopsy, localization of the tumor, results of lymphoscintigraphy, site of radiotracer injection, tumor size, tumor grade, experience of surgeons, and the number of invaded axillary nodes were analyzed to determine whether they had any significant correlation with successful identification of SLN. Variables found to have a statistically significant influence on the SLN identification rate and on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy identification were introduced into a univariate and multivariate logistic regression model. In multivariate analysis, successful lymphoscintigraphy (P < 0.0001) and the absence of metastatic axillary nodes (P < 0.005) were associated with successful identification of SLNs. The peritumoral injection of radiotracer (P < 0.001), patient age > 60 years (P < 0.003), and localization of the tumor in the upper outer quadrant (P < 0.004) were associated with failure of lymphoscintigraphic visualization of SLN. The technique of SLN detection thus appears to be better for patients with low risk of invaded axillary lymph nodes.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Identification of a RAPD marker linked to progressive rod-cone degeneration in dogs.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis has been used widely in plant and fungi for identification of markers linked to genetic traits and mapping, but its use is limited to identification of intra- and inter-species difference in domestic mammals. We report here identification of a RAPD-derived marker linked to progressive rod-cone degeneration (prcd), an inherited autosomal recessive retinal disease of dogs. A total of 400 standard 10-mer primers were used for amplification by use of DNA samples from normal (+/+) and affected (prcd/prcd) dogs. A single primer was identified which amplified a 1.5-kb DNA fragment only from normal dogs. PCR with longer primers designed from the sequence-characterized amplified region of the 1.5-kb DNA fragment identified a co-dominant multi-allelic polymorphism in the prcd-informative pedigree. Three recombinants were identified among 34 informative offsprings, yielding a LOD score of 5.568 at theta = 0.091. This marker was mapped to two canine-rodent hybrid cell lines in which two genes (canine homologues of human breast cancer 1 susceptibility gene, and cGMP phosphodiesterase gamma-subunit gene), and three anonymous microsatellites have been identified. This is the first reported identification of a RAPD-derived marker with multiple alleles linked to a mammalian disease locus.

Alleles↗
PubMed2005

Maximum intensity projection of cranial computed tomography data for dental identification.

Dental radiographs play the major role in the identification of victims in mass casualties besides DNA. Under circumstances such as those caused by the recent tsunami in Asia, it is nearly impossible to document the entire dentition using conventional x-rays as it would be too time consuming. Multislice computed tomography can be used to scan the dentition of a deceased within minutes, and the postprocessing software allows visualization of the data adapted to every possible antemortem x-ray for identification. We introduce the maximum intensity projection of cranial computed tomography data for the purpose of dental identification exemplarily in a case of a burned corpse. As transportable CT scanners already exist, these could be used to support the disaster victim identification teams in the field.

Burns↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transcript identification on the CLN5 region on chromosome 13q22.

Our efforts to clone the CLN5 gene, mutated in a severe children's brain disease, variant late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (vLINCL, MIM256731), resulted in large-scale sequencing of genomic clones flanking the critical chromosomal region on 13q22. Computational and traditional transcript identification analyses of the resulting sequence were used to identify the disease gene. In addition to the identification of the CLN5 gene, this effort produced a large amount of genomic sequence data. Here, we report a transcription map of the 107 kb sequence in the CLN5 region, based on traditional and computational gene identification strategies. Several transcripts were identified in this sequence. Queries against the database of expressed sequence tags proved to be the most powerful tool for gene identification from large-scale sequence.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of the BactiCard Neisseria for identification of pathogenic Neisseria species and Moraxella catarrhalis.

The BactiCard Neisseria (Remel, USA) is a chromogenic enzyme substrate system for identifying Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria lactamica, and Moraxella catarrhalis. The identification system consists of a card with four test circles impregnated with chromogenic substrates for indoxyl butyrate esterase (IB), prolyl aminopeptidase (PRO), gamma-glutamyl aminopeptidase (GLUT), and ss-galactosidase (BGAL). These substrates permit the identification of Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Neisseria lactamica, respectively. After hydration of the circles with buffer, colonies from growth on selective media or a subculture are applied to the four circles. IB and BGAL reactions are read for a blue-green color after 2 and 15 min, respectively. PRO and GLUT reactions are read at 15 min for a red color after addition of a developer reagent. Identifications obtained with the BactiCard Neisseria were compared with those obtained using conventional procedures for 558 isolates in a blinded fashion. The BactiCard Neisseria identified 100% of 254 Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 100% of 125 Neisseria meningitidis, 53 (98.2%) of 54 Neisseria lactamica, and 123 (98.4%) of 125 Moraxella catarrhalis isolates. The BactiCard Neisseria is an accurate and rapid system for identification of these microorganisms in the clinical laboratory.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1999

Comparative evaluation of five chromogenic media for detection, enumeration and identification of urinary tract pathogens.

Five chromogenic agar plates--CPS ID2 medium (bioMérieux, France), CHROMagar Orientation medium (Becton Dickinson, France), UriSelect3 medium (Sanofi Diagnostics Pasteur, France), Rainbow Agar UTI medium (Biolog, USA) and Chromogenic UTI medium (Oxoid, Germany)--for the detection, enumeration and direct identification of urinary tract pathogens were compared using 443 urine specimens at two hospital laboratories. The enumeration of microorganisms was consistent on the five media for 403 of the 477 (84.5%) microorganisms. Chromogenic UTI, CPS ID2, UriSelect3, CHROMagar Orientation and Rainbow UTI gave detection rates of 98.3%, 97.9%, 97.3%, 96.9% and 94.1%, respectively, with some problems in yeast growth occurring on Rainbow UTI agar and problems in Staphylococcus spp. growth occurring on UriSelect3. For the direct identification of Escherichia coli, sensitivities were 93.8%, 88.5%, 86.1% and 82.2% for CHROMagar Orientation, CPS ID2, UriSelect3 and Rainbow UTI, respectively. Chromogenic UTI medium did not allow the accurate identification of Escherichia coli, since the indole reaction cannot be applied to this medium. Depending on the media, Enterococcus spp. could be identified at the genus or the species level. Slight differences were detected in the presumptive identification of the Proteus-Morganella-Providencia group and the Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia group. Additionally, on Rainbow UTI agar, 12 of 20 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and two of nine Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were correctly identified. In conclusion, CPS ID2 medium and CHROMagar Orientation medium showed similar performance overall, while the UriSelect3, Rainbow UTI and Chromogenic UTI media require some improvement.

Agar↗
PubMed2006

Sentinel node identification rate, but not accuracy, is significantly decreased after pre-operative chemotherapy in axillary node-positive breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: The aim was to prove the low identification rate of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) and to determine the feasibility of replacing axillary lymph node dissection (AND) in axillary lymph node positive patients after chemotherapy. METHODS: From October 2001 to July 2005, 875 consecutive patients with primary operable breast cancer underwent SNB and AND. Among them, 238 received pre-operative chemotherapy. We compared the identification rate, false negative rate (FNR), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of SNB in clinically node-positive patients with or without chemotherapy. RESULTS: The identification rate was significantly lower in patients received chemotherapy (77.6%) than in those not received it (97.0%) (P<0.001). In those received the therapy, the FNR was 5.6%, the NPV was 86.8%, and the accuracy was 95.9%. In those not received therapy, the FNR was 7.4% and the accuracy was 92.6% (differences not statistically significant). CONCLUSION: The identification rate in confirmed axillary lymph node-positive patients was significantly lower in patients received pre-operative chemotherapy, but accuracy did not differ significantly between the two groups. Thus, for patients who achieve complete axillary clearance by chemotherapy, SNB could replace AND.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1992

Sensitivity and specificity of echocardiographic identification of patients eligible for safe early discharge after acute myocardial infarction.

In a prospective clinical trial of 195 consecutive unselected patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), systematic blinded clinical and echocardiographic examinations were performed by two observers on day 5. The purpose was to define low-risk patients with regard to in-hospital and 2-month mortality and predict the potential costs (lost patient lives) and benefits (saved in-patient days) if as a routine procedure these low-risk patients were discharged earlier. By design, low-risk patients as defined by clinical criteria were allocated to discharge on days 7 to 10 and by echocardiographic criteria on days 5 to 7 after AMI. The sensitivity of the echocardiographic low-risk identification procedure was more than twofold higher than the sensitivity of clinical low-risk identification (49% vs 24%). Both procedures were safe with a specificity of 100% for cardiac mortality. Optimal identification of low-risk patients was provided by combining data from echocardiographic and clinical evaluations (sensitivity 59%). Results of the study suggest that a bedside echocardiographic approach to estimation of global left ventricular function is more sensitive and equally specific and therefore more efficient for risk stratification on post-AMI day 5 than clinical examination alone. Thus echocardiographic examination allows identification of a larger subset of patients with AMI (greater than 40% of the population alive on day 5) who can be discharged earlier and safely, with a potential saving of in-patient days of 436 days in 87 low-risk patients minus the cost of echocardiographic studies in 195 patients. However, the best prediction was obtained by combining clinical and echocardiographic examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Oral form identification as a measure of cortical sensory dysfunction in apraxia of speech and aphasia.

Oral form identification scores were obtained for nine anterior and nine posterior left-hemisphere brain lesion subjects exhibiting speech apraxic behavior and aphasia. An objective measure of speech apraxic difficulty and a standardized aphasia assessment were obtained for each subject. Despite the traditional association of a cortical sensory deficit including asterognosis in posterior brain-injured patients, oral form identification scores did not differ significantly for the two subject groups. However, a previously reported heterogeneity of performance was observed in the present data. The oral form identification deficit was unrelated to the severity of apraxia but exhibited its highest correlation value with a task of linguistic symbol discrimination. Results were interpreted to suggest that oral form identification deficits are most probably not causally related to motor speech programming problems nor should such deficits in this population be viewed as a valid indicator of cortical sensory dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Ultrastructural identification of type 1 fibres in human skeletal muscle. Immunogold labelling of thin cryosections with a monoclonal antibody against slow myosin.

Existing methods for the ultrastructural identification of fibre types in human skeletal muscle are fallible. This has prompted us to develop a reliable immunoelectron microscopic approach for the identification of human skeletal muscle fibre types. Here we report the unambiguous electron microscopic identification of human type 1 muscle fibres, achieved by combining cryoultramicrotomy with colloidal gold immunocytochemical labelling, using a monoclonal antibody (N0Q7.5.4D) which is specific for the heavy chain of the slow myosin isoform of human skeletal muscle. This method for the identification of muscle fibre types and determination of myosin isoform distributions may have important applications in the ultrastructural study of pathological muscle and in the analysis of myofibrillar assembly during myogenesis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Olfactory lateralization and identification in right hemisphere lesion and control patients.

This study investigated olfactory lateralization and identification in right hemisphere lesion and control patients. Significant group differences were found for olfactory and trigeminal lateralization and identification on unilateral and double simultaneous stimulation. In the control group, significantly greater than chance accuracy was found for lateralization and identification, whereas in the lesion group, significantly greater than chance accuracy was found for identification but not for lateralization. Olfactory detection thresholds were found not to be significantly different between the groups.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1986

Temporal integration characteristics in spatial frequency identification.

Spatial frequency detection and identification performances were measured simultaneously as a function of exposure duration. Detection and identification sensitivity/duration functions appeared to be parallel over durations ranging from 10 to 1000 msec, independent of both spatial frequency and spatial frequency difference between the stimuli to be discriminated. The results are compatible with both a simultaneous or a serial processing of the two types of tasks. In the former case, detection and identification would take place at the same neural level and they would, therefore, be indistinguishable. The second alternative implies that the identification stage must have a time-constant substantially shorter than the detection stage. Both possibilities are compatible with the concept of spatial frequency labelled detectors.

Discrimination, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Orientation identification at different background levels: its precision and distortions.

Orientation identification was studied at high (1000 td) and low (1 td) background illuminations. The subject had to estimate in degrees the orientation of a line presented in one of 18 orientations, 10 deg apart. Unlike other spatial discriminations, the precision of orientation judgments was not significantly impaired at low background if a suprathreshold stimulation was used. However, our earlier data showed that the identification at threshold was deteriorated at low background level. Different mechanisms of threshold and suprathreshold identification were suggested. The mechanism of suprathreshold identification was thought to contribute to the stability of the orientation perception during adaptation. The deviations of the subjective estimates from real orientations were also studied. The bias of perceived orientation toward the vertical increased at low background. This bias remained the same in egocentric coordinates, when the subjects were in supine position.

Contrast Sensitivity↗
PubMed1995

The effects of random element loss on letter identification: implications for visual acuity loss in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

The hypothesis that reductions in Snellen acuities in patients with retinitis pigmentosa are due solely to losses of photoreceptors was tested by measuring the effects of random losses of sampling elements on letter identification. Sampling element losses were mimicked by setting the luminance of randomly selected pixels equal to the luminance of the surround. The amount of pixel blanking ranged from 0 to 90%. Letters varying in retinal subtense from 5 to 17 min arc were presented for 500 msec. Although letter identification accuracy decreased with increasing pixel blanking for all letter sizes, performance remained relatively high even when a majority of the pixels was blanked. The data suggest that unless the loss of cone photoreceptors in greater than 80%, loss of sampling elements alone can not account for letter acuities poorer than 20/40. In addition to loss of cone photoreceptors in patients with RP, there are histological reports of photoreceptor abnormalities and psychophysical studies of visual sensory deficits. It is conceivable that these alone, or in combination with losses of photoreceptors, could account for decreased visual acuity. In a series of experiments, stimulus parameters were manipulated in order to mimic the effects of some of these abnormalities and deficits and the effects on letter identification were examined. The results of these experiments demonstrated that sampling element loss interacts with sensory factors (e.g. luminance and contrast sensitivity) and perceptual factors (e.g. set size and letter orientation) to reduce letter identification accuracy. The implication of these results is that decreases in letter acuity observed in patients with retinitis pigmentosa cannot be attributed solely to a random loss of sampling elements in the underlying retina, but may be due to the combination of photoreceptor degeneration and other sensory and perceptual factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Identification of childhood hearing impairment in Uusimaa County, Finland.

The purpose was to report the identification age of the hard-of-hearing children born between 1 January 1973 and 31 December 1990. The subjects comprised all children (353) fitted with hearing aid in an age-matched target population of 270 726 persons in Uusimaa County including Helsinki. The age of identification was studied in three groups; pure tone average (0.5, 1 and 2 kHz) > or = 30 dB, > or = 35 dB and > or = 50 dB HL enabling comparison with the identification ages reported in the literature. In the first group the median identification age was 3.6 years (mean 4.2), in the second 2.9 years (mean 3.8) and in the third 2.1 years (mean 2.8). The first group was identified significantly later than the third one (P = 0.004). The second group differed from the third significantly in detection age as well (P = 0.004). The severity of hearing impairment correlated highly with the detection age (r = -0.69. P < 0.0001). The data clustered at the ages of 1-2.5 years (hearing level 90-120 dB) and at 4-8 years (30-60 dB).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Identification of parasite proteins in a membrane preparation enriched for the surface membrane of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium knowlesi.

A subcellular fraction enriched in erythrocyte membranes has been isolated from rhesus monkey erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium knowlesi. Infected cells were lysed by centrifugation through a zone of hypotonic buffer and membranes isolated by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation in the same tube. The purified membrane fraction was shown to include the erythrocyte surface membrane by several methods: electron microscopy, identification of Coomassie Blue stained erythrocyte membrane proteins, identification of band 3 with a monoclonal antibody, and identification of radioiodinated cell surface proteins. The resulting ghosts were shown to be specifically reactive with monkey sera against the variant surface antigens of P. knowlesi by indirect immunofluorescence and membrane agglutination. No reactivity was seen with a monoclonal antibody (13C11) against the intracellular schizont surface. A number of metabolically labelled parasite proteins were enriched in this membrane function, including peptides of 277, 208, 173, 153, 134, 109, 80, 60 and 48 kDa and the variant surface antigens of variable molecular mass (180-207 kDa). These proteins were distinct from the major parasite proteins of total infected erythrocytes and isolated merozoites. The major glucosamine labelled glycoprotein of the internal schizont (230 kDa) was not found in this fraction. Moreover, no fragment of this parasite glycoprotein was found in this membrane fraction, indicating that no part of this molecule is transported to the erythrocyte surface. In contrast, the variant antigen of P. knowlesi, known to be on the erythrocyte surface, could be readily identified as peptides unique to specific cloned parasite lines. We propose that the other nine parasite proteins found within this membrane fraction represent a starting point for the identification of other parasite proteins transported to the surface membrane of the infected erythrocyte.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of simplified and commercial systems for identification of foodborne yeasts.

Commercial identification kits (API 20C, API Yeast-Ident and API-Zym) were compared with a conventional but simplified identification method (SIM) for identifying seventy-two yeast isolates from fresh sweet corn. SIM failed to provide identification of two isolates. Of the twenty species identified, only eleven were included in the API 20C profile index. Three isolates were identified at the species level and three were identified at the genus level with 100% accuracy. The enzyme kit (Yeast-Ident) gave rather unreliable results, in that identification of only four isolates with 75 to 85% of appropriate reactions was made. The API 20C kit could be used to identify non-clinical yeasts, provided they were included in its database and a few additional tests (urease reaction, nitrate assimilation and glucose fermentation) were also performed.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗