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[Mitochondrial disease and complete heart block. Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Description of a case].

Defects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain form a clinically and biochemically heterogeneous group of diseases. Mitochondrial diseases include myopathies and multisystem disorders that are defined either by biochemical abnormalities of the mitochondria or by the presence of "ragged red fibers" in muscle-biopsy specimens stained with modified Gomori's trichrome stain. Several syndromes have been identified. Typical Kearns-Sayre syndrome is a sporadic condition that is characterized by an onset before the age of 20, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinopathy and cardiac disorders. Mitochondrial DNA deletions were found in patient with Kearns-Sayre syndrome. We report the case of a 33 year-old woman, with neuromuscular syndrome of the Kearns-Sayre type, insulin-sensitive diabetes and complete heart block, who was implanted a pacemaker.

Adult↗

[Complete heart block treated with electrotherapy in a 30-year-old pregnant women with Kearns-Sayre syndrome].

Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a form of mitochondrial myopathy in which specific clinical features, namely progressive external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinal degeneration and onset before age 20 occur. It can also be associated with cardiac conduction defects, neurological and variety of endocrine and metabolic disorders. Recognition of mtDNA deletion as the genetic basis of KSS has confirmed the validity of clinical criteria. The purpose of the report is to describe a 30-year-old woman presenting typical clinical features of KSS. On muscle biopsy ragged red fibres and mitochondrial abnormalities on electron microscopy were seen. In spite of menstrual disturbances she became pregnant and delivered health child. In 30 week of pregnancy the VVI pacemaker was implanted because of syncope most probably related to paroxysmal complete heart block.

Adult↗

Cardiac complications of Wegener granulomatosis: a case report of complete heart block and review of the literature.

Wegener granulomatosis is a necrotizing vasculitis whose target organs are classically the upper and lower respiratory tracts and the kidneys. There has been other end-organ involvement documentation, emphasizing the disseminated nature of this disease, but the literature concerning cardiac involvement is limited. The few case reports and general reviews show that the two most common histologic cardiac manifestations are pericarditis and coronary arteritis, each occurring in 50% of the reported cases. The most frequent clinical manifestation is cardiac arrhythmias that are manifested as supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. We report an unusual cardiac manifestation, a case of complete heart block, occurring during the active stage of Wegener granulomatosis. The problem this case presented and the management are reported. The literature dealing with the cardiac involvement in Wegener granulomatosis is reviewed, and the specific histopathologic findings and the pathophysiologic mechanisms of this involvement are discussed.

Adult↗