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PubMed1983

[Frequencies of ABO system blood groups and haptoglobins in Uzbekistan. The problems of sampling studies].

The results of the analysis of the distribution of blood group gene frequencies of ABO and haptoglobins (Hp) systems for four regions of Uzbek SSR are presented. Three sources were used for sampling: 1) subtotal population samples in 6 villages (the total of 1839 specimens were assayed for ABO and 1729 for Hp); 2) unselected sampling among school children from some districts (2662 specimens assayed for ABO and 3582 for Hp systems); 3) sampling in 18 955 random philanthropic donors from various districts of Uzbekistan. Estimations of blood group gene frequencies were obtained: for the first source--IO = 0.5291; IA = 0.2529; IB = 0.2180; HpI = 0.2510. For the second source--IO = 0.5549; IA = 0.2434; IB = 0.2017; HpI = 0.2783. For the third source--IO = 0.5614; IA = 0.2404; IB = 0.1982. It was established that the frequencies of O(1) blood group of ABO system were permanently increasing, from the values obtained in subtotally investigated villages (kishlaks) toward sampling among school children and reaching the highest value obtained from the sampling in random philanthropic donors (0.5291 leads to 0.5549 leads to 0.5614). The differences are statistically significant. There is strong evidence that it is important for the sampling to be corresponding to the sex-age distribution of populations studied.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1982

Receptor mediated endocytosis of hemoglobin-haptoglobin, galactosylated serum albumin and polymeric IgA by the liver.

Labelled hemoglobin-haptoglobin (ham-hap), galactosylated serum albumin (gal-SA) and polymeric immunoglobulin A (p IgA) were injected intravenously to rats or mice. The labels disappeared from the plasma with a half-time of about 5 min and were almost entirely found associated with the liver where degradation products progressively appear. The uptake of hem-hap and gal-SA are partially saturable as a function of the plasmatic concentration and the uptake of gal-SA can be completely inhibited by the simultaneous injection of asialofetuin. About 45 min after injection to rats, labelled material appears in the bile in amounts corresponding to 3.9% of the injected dose (hem-hap), 2.8% (gal-SA) and 60.1% (p IgA). The molecular weight of the labelled material transferred into the bile has been characterized: it consists almost entirely of intact IgA and for about 60% of intact hem-hap and gal-SA. Cell fractionation experiments indicate that 4 min after injection, the label is associated with components which equilibrate around a density of 1.13 g/cm3 and which dissociate from marker enzymes of Golgi complex, plasma membrane and lysosomes. Longer times after injection (from 20 min for hem-hap and gal-SA to 1 h for p IgA) labelled material appears, within lysosomes. To explain all these data, we suggest that after binding to plasma membrane receptors, the ligands are rapidly interiorized into pinocytic vesicles which fuse with lysosomes. Most of the hem-hap and gal-SA molecules but only part of p IgA would be released and subsequently digested; these vesicles would dissociate from lysosomes and fuse with the biliary membrane where the molecules still bound to the membrane of the vesicles would be detached and excreted into the bile.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Hybrid protein containing heavy subunit of haptoglobin and light subunit of immunoglobulin G.

Dimeric hybrid protein molecule consisting of disulfide-linked beta (heavy) subunit of haptoglobin (Hp) and L (light) subunit of immunoglobulin G, was synthesized. Molecular mass of the hybrid was 62.0 kd, sedimentation constant B20 = 2.43. Hemoglobin binding activity of the beta X L hybrid as compared with that of native Hp accounted for 25%. In immunological cross-reactivity the hybrid was found to be deficient in some antigenic determinants present in Hp and in Hp beta chain. Hybridization carried out in three-component mixtures (Hp beta subunits, Hp alpha (light) subunits, IgG-L) showed, that besides reconstituted tetramers of Hp (2 alpha X 2 beta) always the hybrid beta X L was formed, even at an excess of Hp alpha, an excess of IgG-L prevented the formation of tetrameric molecules. Conformational similarity of Hp alpha and IgG-L as disulfide linked with Hp beta is reflected in the interaction of respective conjugates with hemoglobin.

Disulfides↗
PubMed1984

Haptoglobin and serum enzymatic response to maximal exercise in relation to physical fitness.

This study investigated the potential value of specific cellular responses to acute and chronic exercise as indices of physical fitness. Muscle enzymatic and hemolytic responses following a progressive cycle-ergometer test to maximal aerobic capacity were studied in 12 women and 12 men, aged 27 to 55 yr, who had been previously assigned to "high" and "low" fitness groups. Venous blood samples were obtained at rest prior to the cycle test, immediately following maximal effort, and 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h post exercise. The samples were analyzed for hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), creatine phosphokinase (CK), CK isoenzymes, and haptoglobin (Hapt). Hemoglobin and Hct were the only variables to rise significantly (P less than 0.05) following exercise, and at all sampling times were significantly lower in the women compared with the men; CK was constituted in the MM isoenzyme band at all times; and Hapt levels were significantly lower in high-fitness men and women as compared with low-fitness men and women. These results indicate that one progressive test to maximal aerobic capacity is not sufficient to induce significant muscle enzymatic or hemolytic stress responses. They do suggest, however, that a chronic hemolytic condition exists as a result of aerobic conditioning activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and transferrin levels in bronchial secretions of children with chronic respiratory tract diseases].

Bronchial secretions from 191 children with various respiratory diseases and from 7 healthy controls were tested for concentration of ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and transferrin. Highest protein levels were observed in children with bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis. The protein levels were correlated with the intensity of the inflammatory process.

Bronchiectasis↗
PubMed1983

[Use of disc electrophoresis in a linear gradient of polyacrylamide gel concentrations for simultaneous fractionation of total serum proteins, haptoglobins and lipoproteins].

Conditions are developed for fractionation of total proteins of blood serum and lipoproteids within a linear gradient of the polyacrylamide gel concentration. Optimal separation of the proteins was observed at initial concentrations of acrylamide 3 and 10%: lipoproteids--2 and 15%. The composition of haptoglobins should be taken into consideration when analyzing the spectrum of human serum proteins. For this purpose samples fractionated simultaneously in one gel plate should be subjected to differential staining with amide black and benzidine. It is established that the efficiency of alpha-lipoproteids subfractions separation is reached by electrophoresis of this class lipoproteids after polyethylene glycol precipitation. The method described broadens essentially potentialities of electrophoretic fractionation of blood serum proteins due to an increase in the resolving power and sensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of histiocytic and parenchymatous elements of the liver in biosynthesis of reactive blood glycoproteins (haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin)].

Synthesis of haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin was found to occur in liver parenchyma under conditions of obligatory participation of the tissue mesenchymal structural elements. Dependence of the blood glycoproteins hyperproduction on the processes of proliferation, occurring in hystiocytic structural elements of liver, was detected after administration into rabbits of zymosan, which stimulated the reticuloendothelial cells, of turpentine (causing inflammation in subcutaneous fatty tissue) or of intracellular cytoplasmic soluble antigens of beta-haemolytic streptococcus A.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Determination of haptoglobin by agglutination with anti-Hp on latex particles].

Human sera are able to agglutinate latex particles sensitized with antihaptoglobin serum produced from sheep. The agglutination depends on the haptoglobin types. Similar to the agglutination of T4-streptococci the titer of Hp 1-1 is very low and the titers of sera of the types Hp 2-1 and Hp 2-2 are 1:160 or higher.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1981

Geographic and ethnic distribution of genetic markers in India. 1. Haptoglobin and transferrin polymorphisms.

In the literature widely scattered Indian data on the gene frequencies of two polymorphic serum protein systems--haptoglobin (Hp) and transferrin (Tf)--have been compiled. In addition, the results of Hp and Tf typings on 111 individuals belonging to the caste groups of Brahmans (32), Rajputs (66), and Scheduled Caste (13) of Kausani of the Almora District, Uttar Pradesh (India) are presented.

Gene Frequency↗
PubMed1978

[Haptoglobin levels in the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid patients with multiple sclerosis].

In 47 patients with multiple sclerosis and 10 with other diseases of the nervous system determinations of haptoglobin were performed in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid by the method of Owen et al. The Hp level in the serum of multiple sclerosis patients was normal. Its level in the cerebrospinal fluid was higher in multiple sclerosis patients than in cases of other nervous system diseases (statistically significant difference, p less than 0.001). Raised value of the Hp/IgG index in the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients points to increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier. The so called normal Hp/IgG index was found in multiple sclerosis patients with high Hp and IgG level. Low Hp/IgG index suggested the possibility of IgG synthesis in the brain of patients with this disease. The comparison of the protein level and protein indexes showed that raised IgG level in the cerebrospinal fluid was present in 80% of multiple sclerosis cases, raised Kabat index in 50%, and low Hp/IgG index in 48%.

Haptoglobins↗
PubMed1980

[Haptoglobin subtypes in paternity cases].

A brief review of theoretical and practical problems of the identification of haptoglobins (Hp) is given. Examination of Hp-subtypes was carried out in 335 cases of discussed paternity using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. According to the results of the examination of the sera of 285 adults (included into the above mentioned group) the gen frequency appeared to be as follows: when the frequency of the gen Hp1 = 0.346, the value of the frequency of Hp1F = 0.115 and Hp1S = 0.231. Thus the maximal (theoretical) chance of the exclusion of the paternity have been found 26.24%. Two cases are reported. In one of them determination of the Hp-subtypes resulted in exclusion of the discussed paternity.

Female↗
PubMed1980

[Preparation of peptide maps of sheep fetus haptoglobin using immobilized trypsin].

A comparison of peptide maps of sheep foetus haptoglobin (Hp) phenotypes revealed a significant difference in 6 peptides. The map of multicomponent Hp2 shows the presence of a group of neutral peptides, which was absent in the case of a single-component Hp1. This difference is probably due to the presence of the alpha-subunit in Hp2.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Haptoglobin in various diseases].

The clinical significance of haptoglobin (Hp) can be seen in the fact that its serum concentration shows a specific pattern in certain diseases and under various therapeutic measures. The determination of Hp is not only indicated in haemolytic anaemias, but also in liver and kidney diseases, infections, diseases of the connective tissue, malignant tumours, and under certain therapeutic conditions.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1995

Cell type-specific and inflammatory-induced expression of haptoglobin gene in lung.

BACKGROUND: Haptoglobin (HP) is a hemoglobin-binding protein and a major acute phase reactant. Recently, HP has been shown to possess antioxidant and angiogenic properties. HP is known to be produced mainly in the liver. Expression of HP in specific cells of nonhepatic origin including lung cells has not been studied before. The presence of extracellular plasma proteins in lung epithelial fluid has been assumed to be of blood serum origin. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: To investigate the expression of the HP gene in lung, the presence of HP mRNA and the production of HP protein in the lung were examined by Northern blot analysis and immunoprecipitation, respectively. Cellular expression of HP during development and inflammation were studied by in situ hybridization with lung tissues derived from different gestational stages from baboons and mice and from mice treated with lipopolysaccharide. RESULTS: Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses established a high level of expression of HP in fetal and adult lung tissues, which were confined to the epithelial lining of the airways in mouse and baboon. After inflammation had been induced in vivo, expression of the HP gene rose fourfold in lung, an increase compatible with that observed in normal mouse liver. However, HP mRNA level was not significantly altered in airway epithelium. Instead, HP expression in alveolar epithelial cells, most likely type 2 cells, was strongly increased. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that locally synthesized HP provides a major source of antioxidant and/or antimicrobial activity in the mucus blanket as well as in the alveolar fluid in the lung. The regulation and cell type-specific expression of HP during development and inflammation indicate a protective role for HP in lung and confirm recent reports that HP plays important roles in protecting against infection and in repairing injured tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Serum determination of IgG, IgA, IgM, transferrin and haptoglobin. I. Attempt at normalization of results].

This study demonstrates the advantages and limitations of normalizing results for five serum proteins (IgG, IgA, IgM, transferrin and haptoglobin), analysed in liquid phase on ten different systems (open clinical chemistry and dedicated protein analysers). Seven sets of results from normal and pathological sera (without monoclonal proteins) were compared using: - calibrators supplied by each manufacturer; - - serial dilutions of a single stabilized pool of liquid serum. In addition to validating the quality of the stabilised serum, we have been able to identify: - significant variations in results using different analytical systems for the same sample; - a major reduction in these variations, often greater than 50%, through normalization using a common serum pool. In some two thirds of the cases, this reduction brought the degree of variation into an acceptable range.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1995

[Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, transferrin and haptoglobin. II. Analytical precision and comparison of results from different analysers].

We compare the precision of immunochemical techniques for determining immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), transferrin and haptoglobin. Precision was found satisfactory. Results of samples containing monoclonal Ig, showed substantial discrepancies, especially the serum containing monoclonal IgM. In this case, the nephelometric analysers gave the best results. In conclusion, when different techniques are used for monitoring protein immunoassays, a good knowledge of the performance of the analyser is necessary for correct interpretation and to avoid potentially misleading results.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1995

[Distribution of haptoglobin types and their significance in biochemical and immunologic indicators in persons exposed to low radiation doses].

Haptoglobin (Hp) polymorphism and its significance for changes in biochemical and immunological parameters was analyzed in personnel of a nuclear plant receiving doses of external and internal irradiation close to maximum permissible levels. The distribution of Hp types and frequencies of alleles Hp in the group of probands asa a whole (1-1 - 14.1%; 2-1 - 49.2%; and 2-2 - 36.7%) and in probands subjected to different types and doses of irradiation (1-1, 13.6 - 16.0%; 2-1, 47.8 - 50.5%; and 2-2:35.8 - 38.2%) did not differ from those expected or from corresponding parameters of the control group and population. An increase in the frequency of allele Hp was observed for persons over 60 years of age. It was found that the levels of uric acid, the activities of acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and its isozymes, and the content of certain lymphocyte classes and immune complexes are initially higher in carriers of Hp type 1-1. In these probands, changes in certain parameters related to irradiation were observed less frequently. In some cases, opposite changes in immunological parameters were observed in persons with different Hp types after internal irradiation.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1995

Orosomucoid and haptoglobin types in patients with sarcoidosis.

Association with HLA and complement factors has been reported in sarcoidosis, and the results of previous studies suggest a multifactorial and immunogenetic etiology of the disease. We have studied two genetic acute-phase reactant systems, orosomucoid (ORM) and haptoglobin (HP), in 226 patients with sarcoidosis and population controls from northern Sweden. Significant allele and phenotype differences between patients and controls were found in both systems. The ORM1 phenotype showed a significant increase in sarcoidosis (RR = 1.34, p = 0.036), which was more pronounced among patients with low (< 1,500 nkat/l) angiotensin-converting enzyme levels (RR = 1.83, p = 0.00065) and hypercalcemia (RR = 3.69, p = 0.0023). The HP1 type was significantly increased among the sarcoidosis patients (RR = 1.57, p = 0.013). The results suggest that the ORM1 1 and HP1 types may be contributory determinants in the multifactorial etiology of sarcoidosis.

Female↗