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Unresolved issues stall approval of Project Bioshield.
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Major Medicaid victory for physicians.
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Changing the face of long-term care.
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A perspective on forage production in Canada.
Over the past decade, the cattle industry has experienced practically a full circle. With the promising beef prices in the early 1970s, with the glut of grain and a generous assist from government incentive programs, the forage acreage and cattle population have increased at a record rate. By 1974, the tide began to turn - grain prices went up sharply and beef prices became sluggish - and by 1976 a major crisis faced the producers. The cattle industry which had been developing on a cheap grain economy was now obliged to rely more on forage for its survival. Unfortunately, the forage was not existent and the only salvation of the industry was the gift of Providence - weather patterns that provided ample moisture conditions and above normal forage crops, the utilization of cereals and the intervention of government cow-calf support programs. Over the past year, the cycle was completed and record beef prices again prevail. The barley bins are full again and the cattlemen are gearing up for a few fat years. Demands for forage seed are brisk and the seeding down of forage acreage is bound to increase substantially over the next few years. And with this increase, cattle population expansion is bound to follow: how much expansion can the economy support? The production cost factors will determine the extent, but one can almost be certain that any expansion will either be modest or of short duration. At least, it should be. If the cattle industry is to establish solid foundations, it cannot be dependent upon the instability of a grain surplus-shortage position. With the present resources and the potential for developing it in direct competition with other crops, one can only expect a small and steady expansion over a long time span. One must agree with the range researchers and specialists of the Canada Research Stations at Lethbridge and Swift Current that pasture and range will continue to be the limiting factors of cattle expansion as they have been for the past 50 years. It is interesting to note that in the Prairie Provinces at least, the number of livestock raised each year has not changed since 1930 although cattle have largely replaced the horses. It is easy to speculate on paper that Canada can double in the next 20 years its forage and cattle production on its large expanses of land on the fringes of the agriculturally settled areas. It is true that these lands, while marginal for cash crops, could produce excellent forage. But at what cost? And what kind of pasture could we grow on them?It is easy to speculate that our livestock geneticists can breed a ruminant-type animal that will feed on poplar saplings and poplar leaves, or develop a new breed of cattle with buffalo vigor that will thrive in the extreme north. But looking at the musk-ox experience in the Northwest Territories and the history of the Wood Buffalo National Park leaves little room for optimism. The present generation is not likely to see in its lifetime the cattle population go beyond the 20 million mark. We can look, however, with good assurance on the present cattle numbers remaining stable and can look forward to gradual increase brought about by normal improvement in both forage and cattle management.Hopefully, both the cattle producer and the veterinarian will be able to reap the benefits of this most important segment of Canada's agricultural industry.
Congress passes bill to increase CDC funding for STD Prevention Programs.
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The role of federal programs in the transfer of biomedical technology.
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National hormone & peptide program-NIDDK: recombinant hormones, hypothalamic peptides & other hormones, antisera, reagents, & hormone assay services available.
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Current state of distance continuing medical education in North America.
BACKGROUND: Every continuing medical education (CME) provider is confronted one day or another with deciding whether to develop distance education programs that may enhance access to CME for health professionals. To make a judicious decision, one needs to understand the features of distance education and the experiences of other providers. METHODS: Since there was a lack of information in the literature regarding the actual state of distance CME in North America, a Web-based survey aimed at CME providers was conducted including a description of the providers, the users, the activities offered, the technologies employed, and the administration of the systems. RESULTS: The results from this study indicate that the majority (68%) of CME providers had not developed distance education programs at the time of the survey; 30% of the providers, mainly from private companies, were offering nondegree distance education programs, and 2% of the university providers were offering degree programs. The technologies mainly used to develop distance education programs were printed material (69%), videoconferencing (58%), and, to a lesser degree, videotape. The revenue sources to develop degree programs were government funding, tuition, and fees. Other sources such as commercial support and sales were used for nondegree programs. IMPLICATIONS: This study revealed that there was considerable interest in distance education, especially from the organizations not offering this type of program. Since distance CME features are now better known, this is a step toward the advancement and development of more and better distance education programs.
Smallpox Vaccine Injury Compensation Program: administrative implementation. Interim final rule.
The Smallpox Emergency Personnel Protection Act of 2003 (SEPPA), authorizes the Secretary of Health and Human Services (the Secretary), to establish the Smallpox Vaccine Injury Compensation Program ("the Program"). This program is designed to provide benefits and/or compensation to certain persons harmed as a direct result of receiving smallpox covered countermeasures, including the smallpox vaccine, or as a direct result of contracting vaccinia through certain accidental exposures. In addition, the Secretary may provide death benefits to certain survivors of individuals who died as the direct result of these injuries. On August 27, 2003, the Secretary published an interim final rule that set out a Smallpox (Vaccinia) Vaccine Injury Table ("the Table"). The table includes adverse effects (including injuries, disabilities, conditions, and deaths) within specific time periods that shall be presumed to result from the receipt of, or exposure to, the smallpox vaccine. The Secretary will use this table, as well as the procedures set out in this regulation, in deciding whether persons are eligible to receive benefits under the program. In this interim final rule, the Secretary is setting out the administrative policies, procedures, and requirements governing the program, as authorized by the SEPPA. The Secretary is seeking public comment on this interim final rule.
The international postpartum family planning program: eight years of experience.
The International Postpartum Program was begun in 1966 in order to demonstrate the feasibility of providing efficient and effective family planning services in the context of the obstetrical care provided by hospitals. The project included 138 institutions in 21 countries. Over an eight-year period, 1.14 million women were recruited, representing 33 acceptors per 100 obstetrical/abortion patients in these hospitals. Relying primarily on modern methods of contraception, the pill, the IUD, and sterilization, the program provided about 124 years of contraceptive protection for each 100 obstetrical/abortion patients, or somewhat more than four years' protection per acceptor. Predischarge insertion of IUDs was found to be safe and effective. In all countries, the program acceptors experienced important changes in fertility over and above the effects of aging. The demonstration showed that basing a program on activities in the obstetrical wards permits a rapid buildup of services, without great cost for construction. Whether using specially trained additional staff to provide family planning education and information or relying on the existing staff, hospitals were able to recruit a substantial proportion of women on the maternity wards as acceptors. Cost per acceptor averaged about US$5.00 during the eight-year period--considerably below the cost per acceptor in the majority of national programs. Such economy arose because acceptance ratios for the International Postpartum Program were higher than ratios for national programs where the target population is more dispersed, and because only direct costs for the services needed to be considered. The idea of uniting family planning information and services with the maternity services of hospitals has been seized upon and replicated outside the International Postpartum Program. The governments of India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Colombia, Thailand, and the Philippines, among others, now operate such systems. Postpartum programs still do not reach substantial segments of the urban population in the developing world, but the expansion of such services is continuing. Also, adaptations of maternity-centered family planning programs are now being tested in rural areas in the world, where most children are born.
Reflections on programs designed to reduce cancer disparities.
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Assessing what child health information systems should be integrated: the Michigan experience.
This project examined which child health data would be appropriate and useful to integrate with an existing real-time Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH) application, such as the Michigan Childhood Immunization Registry. A consultant was secured to conduct data gathering analysis activities. An advisory committee of MDCH Administrators convened to guide the project. Interviews were conducted with MDCH administrators, program managers and representatives from the public and private health care provider community. These interviews focused on answering three main questions: (1) What MDCH data resources do you currently use? (2) How do you use and access these data? and (3) What is your vision for expanding, enhancing, and linking these data to meet Michigan's future health goals? Acceptance of the Michigan Childhood Immunization Registry by the pediatric and family practice community demonstrates the utility of providing more information electronically to the medical community in Michigan. The MDCH has completed a stakeholders analysis and is moving forward with requirements gathering sessions in order to create an integrated child health data system. The integrated child health data system will include data from immunizations, newborn screening, newborn hearing, lead, the Women, Infants, and Children program, and Medicaid.
[Federal targeted program 'Prevention and Management of Arterial Hypertension in Russian Federation'].
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THE COMMISSION on the Care and Treatment of the Chronically Ill, Aged and Infirm; administrative policies governing grantsin-aid for programs of physical medicine and rehabilitation within hospitals promulgated July 14, 1954.
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The utilization of dental hygiene students in school-based dental sealant programs.
Early detection of childhood caries is important to childrens' overall health. Untreated childhood caries can lead to pain, as in abscesses from prolonged neglect; altered dietary intake; and delays in the development of the permanent teeth if the primary teeth are prematurely lost. In the summer of 2000, funds were provided to various oral health care provider organizations by the Illinois Department of Public Health, Division of Oral Health, to purchase portable equipment to deliver preventive services (i.e., exams, sealants, and oral hygiene education) to second-grade and sixth-grade children who qualified for Medicaid and/or free and reduced-cost lunch programs. The Dental Sealant Grant Program at Southern Illinois University in Carbondale was a unique program that utilized dental hygiene students as the primary human resource. Within the state, the Dental Sealant Grant Program was, at the time of this report, the only grantee sponsored by a stand-alone dental hygiene program (not affiliated with a dental school). Other positive aspects of the dental hygiene-sponsored sealant program were that the supervising dentist was the primary Medicaid provider and a member of the dental hygiene faculty; dental hygiene faculty participated actively as site coordinators and clinicians; and dental hygiene students were given the opportunity to volunteer for the program as a service-learning option.
A commitment to women.
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The health impact of environmental pollutants: a special focus on lead exposure in South Africa.
Studies have shown blood lead levels of some children in South Africa at levels of health concern. New studies show even relatively low lead levels to have detrimental effects on cognitive function in young children. Large numbers of South African inner-city and other children have been shown to have unacceptably high blood lead levels. Studies indicate that blood lead levels of children living in South Africa's urban areas are higher than those of children in most developed countries, including Great Britain, Europe, and the United States. Although data and reported studies are very sparse, mean blood lead levels of approximately 15 microg/dl have been reported in children. Elevated blood lead levels were associated with socioeconomic status and housing conditions. Key environmental risk factors for elevated blood levels were contaminated soil and dust in the urban environment, and the still large number of automobiles using leaded gasoline. In view of emerging evidence linking lead at increasingly lower levels to adverse effects in children, the South African government is taking actions to reduce lead exposure among vulnerable groups. Currently, South Africa has no national lead surveillance program. The government, therefore, has developed international and regional partnerships to prevent and address the problem of lead exposure.