[Genetic characteristics of the Japanese population].
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A number of characteristics of morphological, neurodynamical, and psychodynamical levels of organization of individual personality was studied in five isolated different ethnical populations and two panmixic ones. The degree of heritability was found to decrease and that of variability to increase with the rise of organization level. Significant interpopulational differences were shown in the mean values of characteristics under study and their dispersions. The results obtained were discussed in connection with peculiarities of genetical and social structures of investigated human populations.
The authors elaborate the population-genetic approach to study the genetic basis of individual psychological differences. Psychodynamic parameters characterized by a more complex organization tend to be more phenotypically variable and less hereditable, as compared with parameters of lower organization levels. The results obtained are interpreted in relation to the genetic and social structure of populations.
The first attempt at using multivariate genetic analysis to study the neurodynamic and psychodynamic levels of individual organization in Daghestan isolates is described. The absence of close similarity between dendrograms of templates of phenotypical and genotypical correlations is explained by lower heritability of the parameters under study. Interpopulation differences revealed by the multivariate genetic analysis are the result of differences in the genetic and social structures of the populations.
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In the historical review and empirical delineation of the classification of anxiety and hysterical states (Part I), it was concluded that the existing classifications are unsatisfactory and require some reconceptualization if they are to be useful clinically and empirically. In keeping with more recent developments in the genetic, behavioral, pharmacological, biochemical, and psychophysiological investigation of these disorders, a new classification is proposed. The two major categories of anxiety and hysterical disorders have a different clinical presentation and course, a different mean age of onset, distribution of age of onset, sex distribution, response to treatment modalities, and habituation response on galvanic skin response. Empirical evidence supporting this proposal is cited. This classification has heuristic merit in guiding research efforts and discussions and in directing clinicians to a simple and practical solution to their patients' anxiety disorders.
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Nutritional surveys attempt to estimate the nutritional status of people from various physical (clinical, anthropometric) and biochemical (with respect to nutrients) measurements, whereas dietary surveys attempt to measure what people eat. Although dietary surveys help explain possible reasons for clinical and laboratory findings, the nutritional status of people cannot be inferred from the diet alone. The determinants of nutritional status and, for that matter, the health of the individual and the population as a whole, include a variety of factors, biologic (genetic), behavioral, sociocultural, economic, and environmental. Diet is one environmental factor of great importance in determining man's level of health and well-being. The 1971-1974 HANES showed that excessive weight or obesity is a major health problem affecting people at all age and economic levels. At the same time, the survey showed a trend toward low calorie intake among certain adults over age 45, particularly women over age 60. The data also indicate that iron deficiency occurs among young children, pregnant women, and the elderly and that dental caries is a prevalent condition. Vitamin and iodine deficiencies, for practical purposes, do not exist in the U.S. population, although several surveys have uncovered certain vitamin deficiencies among the elderly. Dietary deficiencies, where they occur, are related to socioeconomic and cultural factors, specific conditions, and disease states. Reliable data do not exist to estimate the extent of malnutrition among the hospitalized and institutionalized population.
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