SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “GINSENG”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

The effect of total saponins from Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer on the intracellular signalling system in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

The mechanisms of action of total saponins from Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer on the elements of intracellular signalling system in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were studied. The action of total saponins was compared with the effect of ATP, a classical activator of these cells. Saponins at concentrations of 10(-6)-10(-3)% increased [Ca2+]i, mobilized Ca2+ ions from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and activated the influx of Ca2+ to cells. Like ATP, saponins activated the Na+/H+ exchange and Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels. Of all the parameters, only the activation of Ca2+ influx in cell is directly affected by saponins. The changes in other parameters are connected with nonspecific activation of purinoreceptors. The analysis of the kinetic data suggests that, as distinct from ATP-dependent activation of purinoreceptor, saponins first activate the Ca2+ influx to cells and only then induce the mobilization of Ca2+ from ER.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Mechanism of activation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells using the total fraction of saponins from Korean ginseng].

Molecular mechanisms of action of the total fraction of saponins from Red Korean Ginseng on the elements of the intracellular signalling system of the cells of ascitic Ehrlich carcinoma (AEC) were studied. The action of the total fraction of the saponins on the AEC cells was compared with that of the classic activator of such cells i.e. ATP. It was shown that the action of the total fraction of the saponins was similar to that of ATP. In concentrations of 10(-6) to 10(-3) per cent saponin induced an increase of [Ca2+]j mobilizing Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and activating the Ca2+ inlet to the cells. The same as in case with the use of ATP the Ca2+ mobilization from ER was reversible. In comparison to ATP saponin induced higher activation of the Ca2+ inlet to ER and the cells. The same as ATP saponin activated the Na+/H+ exchange and the Ca2+ - dependent K+-channels. Out of all the mention-ed parameters only the activation of the Ca2+ inlet to the cells was probably the direct result of the saponin action. The changes in the other parameters were mediated by nonspecific activation of the purine receptor. The analysis of the kinetic data demonstrated that unlike the ATP-dependent activation of the purine receptor the saponins first of all activated the inlet of Ca2+ to the cells and only after that the mobilization of the latter from ER.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1996

[Effect of ginseng ginsenosides on phase transitions of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine membranes].

The influence of dammaran triterpene glycosides (ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1) from Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer and their aglycones on the phase transfers of multilayer vesicles of dipalmitoylphosphatidyl choline was studied. Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 and aglycone 20(S) protopanaxatriol insignificantly modified the lipid gel phase and only in concentrations close to the equimolar ones insignificantly damaged the lipid covers and decreased the size of the cooperative unit. Aglycone 20(S) protopanaxadiol (PD) induced the formation of the second phase with a more solid cover of the lipids but a lower size of the cooperative unit by comparison with that of the pure lipid. The presence of cholesterol in an amount up to 5 mol per cent slightly influenced the interaction of the agents with the gel phase except for PD. In the presence of cholesterol PD did not induce the formation of the two phases and in an amount of 100 mol per cent eliminated the major transfer. The study suggested that PD interacted with the gel phase and did not penetrate into the bilayer deeper than the glycerol skeleton of the lipid molecule.

1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Activation of multiple effector pathways of immune system by the antineoplastic immunostimulator acidic polysaccharide ginsan isolated from Panax ginseng.

In the present study an acidic polysaccharide ginsan, with a molecular weight of 150,000, devoid of lectin properties, was purified from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae). Ginsan induced the proliferation of T cells and B cells. Spleen cells became cytotoxic to a wide range of tumor cells without major histocompatibility complex-restriction after 4 or 5 days culture in vitro with ginsan. For the generation of these ginsan-activated killer (AK) cells adherent macrophages and CD4+ cells were needed as accessory cells. The generation of ginsan-AK cells was blocked in the presence of anti-IL-2, anti-IFN gamma, anti-IL-1 or anti-TNF alpha antibodies, showing the importance of these cytokines in the process. The surface phenotypes of the 4 day-cultured ginsan-AK cells was Thy1+, AsGM1+, CD8+, which is distinct from rIL-2 induced lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells that were CD8. The ginsan also activated macrophages to produce reactive nitrogen intermediates and become tumoricidal. It also exhibited significant in vivo antitumor activity against B16 melanoma cells lines, and in the benzo(a)pyrene-induced autochthonous lung tumor model, at much lower doses than the maximum tolerate doses. Indeed, no mice died, which injected with ginsan at 1g/kg body weight intraperitoneally. In conclusion, 'ginsan' could potentially be an ideal nontoxic antineoplastic immunostimulator by activating multiple effector arms of the immune system.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1963