Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “FURAZOLIDONE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Vibrio cholerae strains resistant to vibriostatic factor 0/129 isolated from a patient with cholera in Poland].

The Vibrio cholerae strain of biotype El Tor and serotype Ol Ogawa was isolated from a 45-year old man after his return from India, hospitalized in Głogów (WSSE Legnica) with symptoms of food poisoning and considerable dehydration. From culture on alkaline agar, the Vibrio cholerae strain was isolated and manifested typical biochemical and serological properties except for resistance to the vibriostatic factor 0/129 (2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropyl-pteridine). In addition, the strain was resistant to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, cotrimoxazole and colistine, and susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, furazolidone and nalidixic acid. In Poland this is the first case isolation of Vibrio cholerae resistant to the vibriostatic factor. Most striking is the fact that Vibrio cholerae resistant to 0/129 is spreading geographically and it isolation is more and more frequent.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

[Antibacterial activity and toxicity of a new nitrofuran].

A new nitrofuran, N-(5-nitrofurfurilidene)-5-nitrofuran-2-(N'-acetyl)carboxamidra zone designated as PAP-49 was synthesized. With the method of two-fold serial dilutions in the Hottinger's broth it was demonstrated that by its antimicrobial activity against cocci and enterobacteria PAP-49 was not inferior and in some cases it was even superior to such antibiotics and chemical drugs as benzylpenicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, nitoxolin and furazolidone. The further study of the antibacterial properties of the new nitrofuran with the use of 101 strains of 16 bacterial species showed that its MICs for gram positive and gram negative bacteria were 0.03-3.13 and 0.78-125.0 micrograms/ml respectively. Combination of PAP-49 in the subbacteriostatic concentrations with other antimicrobial agents provided a 2-8-fold increase in the antimicrobial effect. The highest synergism was observed when nitrofuran was used in combination with aminoglycosides, benzylpenicillin or levomycetin. The primary screening revealed that PAP-49 belongs to the group of low toxic substances. Its LD50 after the oral administration to albino mice was 4631.9 mg/kg. The compound did not practically cumulate in the animal organism.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Natural habitats of Corynebacterium kutscheri in subclinically infected ICGN and DBA/2 strains of mice.

Subclinically infected mice of ICGN and DBA/2 strains housed in a conventionally managed colony were examined to determine natural habitats of Corynebacterium kutscheri. At 5, 7, 9, 12 and 13 months after initial isolation of the organism from oral cavity and cecal contents of five ICGN mice, attempts were made to isolate C. kutscheri from 19 sites using a new selective medium, furazolidone-nalidixic acid-colimycin agar. From the initial survey to 13 months, C. kutscheri was isolated from 27 of 29 ICGN mice (93.1%) and 9 of 10 DBA/2 mice (90%). In contrast, antibody against C. kutscheri was detected in only 3 of 29 ICGN mice (10.3%). None of the mice manifested distinct clinical signs of infection, and only 1 ICGN mouse had macroscopic lesions such as hepatic abscess and large spleen. In 21 ICGN and 9 DBA/2 mice that harbored the organism without macroscopic lesions, the organisms were most frequently isolated from the oral cavity (ICGN:100%, DBA/2:66.7%), cecum (ICGN:95.2%, DBA/2:100%), and colon and rectum (ICGN:95.2%, DBA/2:100%). Remarkable differences between the two mouse strains were observed in colonization of the nasal cavity (ICGN:85.7%, DBA/2:0%) and trachea (ICGN:71.4%, DBA/2:33.3%). In mice of both strains, the organisms rarely colonized the lung, liver, and kidney. Mean numbers of organisms in the cecum, and colon and rectum ranged from 10(4.1) to 10(4.6) colony-forming units/g and were significantly higher in comparison with those in the small intestine (P < 0.01, P < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Outbreak of cholera due to Vibrio cholerae 01 in Orissa state.

During May-June 1993, an outbreak of acute diarrhoea resulting in deaths primarily in adults was reported in two districts of Orissa state. Epidemiological and microbiological investigations revealed that this outbreak was caused by V. cholerae 01 biotype EITor. V. cholerae 01 strains were uniformly resistant to furazolidone.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Experimental study of the effect of a number of chemotherapeutic preparations on the intracellular growth of dysentery bacteria, and their interaction with epithelial cells].

The effect of some chemotherapeutics on intercellular growth of Sh. sonnei and their capacity for penetration into cells Hep-2 and primarily triptinized cells of the monkey kidneys was studied. By the character of their effect the drugs were divided into 3 groups. The drugs of the first group, i.e. furazolidone had no effect on intracellular growth of Shigella. The drugs of the second group, i.e. neomycin, monomycin, kanamycin, polymyxin M, ampicillin, negram and 5-NOK induced a rapid decrease in the number of the specimens located inside the cells. The drugs of the third group, i. e. enteroseptol, streptomycin and tetracycline promoted a decrease in the intracellular growth of Shigella by the 3rd-4th day. None of the drugs could be detected inside the cells in the concentrations corresponding to the minimal bacteriostatic ones with respect to Shigella. The activity of the drugs of the second group was connected with their cytotoxicity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intestinal lymphoid nodular hyperplasia in a patient with acquired dysgammaglobulinemia, chronic diarrhea, and bacterial overgrowth syndrome].

The association between intestinal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (INLH) and acquired dysgammaglobulinemia was first described by Hermans et al in 1966. One of the largest series reported in the literature is mexican. We described the clinical out come of a young man with diarrhea, steatorrhea and history of upper respiratory tract infections in whom INLH was established by clinical, radiological, endoscopic and histopathologic studies. Jejunal fluid showed infection by E. coli, C. freundii and Candida albicans as well as cysts of Giardia lamblia. Serum concentration of Ig A and Ig M were decreased. As well as B lymphocytes count in peripheral blood. The patient received treatment with itraconazole, ciprofloxacin and furazolidone with an excellent response. At present he is asymptomatic with cyclic doses of antibiotics and parenteral administration of gammaglobulins.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Helicobacter pylori in mucous membrane of stomach and duodenum of patients with symptoms of ulceration and dyspepsia].

The material consisted of samples of mucous membrane of stomach and duodenum obtained during endoscopy in patients with clinical symptoms of peptic ulcer of stomach or the duodenum or with dyspeptic problems. Samples were tested for presence of H. pylori by culture on brain-heart agar supplemented with 7% of horse blood. Direct test for urease production was also performed. Isolated strains were identified basing on morphology of growth, Gram-stained preparation, mobility of microorganism, production of oxidase, catalase and urease, and ability to agglutinate in immune goat serum for standard H. pylori strain. Out of tested 217 samples, positive result was obtained in 141 cases. Urease test was positive in 138 cases. Isolated strains were tested for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials. They were all resistant to nalidixic acid and susceptible in 90-100% to cephalothin, furazolidone, gentamicin and ofloxacin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral encephalomalacia in commercial turkeys.

A flock of 9 1/2-week-old commercial tom turkeys experienced high mortality after consuming a complete feed containing an unidentified toxic substance. Initially, turkeys were found dead. Clinically, the birds were calm and still but became hyperexcitable with noise. A small percentage of birds exhibited torticollis, opisthotonos, circling, ataxia, and blindness. Findings at necropsy and upon microscopic examination were bilaterally symmetrical areas of necrosis of the cerebral hemispheres in the area of the neostriatum that were well demarcated from the surrounding normal neuropil. A feeding trial with the suspect feed in twelve 4-week-old turkey hens induced clinical disease and gross and microscopic brain changes similar to those observed in the field case. Analyses for the following substances in the suspect feed were either negative or within acceptable limits: salt, selenium, furazolidone, monensin, amprolium, 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid, aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, ochratoxin, fumonisin, organophosphates, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and carbamates. The toxic component of the feed remains unidentified.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1993

Pathogenicity and chemotherapy of Plasmodium durae in experimentally infected domestic turkeys.

Only 3 out of 8 South African isolates of Plasmodium durae used in 524 turkeys in 161 passages caused approximately 50% mortality, a further 3 produced approximately 10% mortality while 2 were found to be apathogenic. Exoerythrocytic schizonts were the main pathogenic stage. In most survivors the effect on mass gains was minimal. Twelve drugs currently available for use in poultry, as well as chloroquin phosphate, were tested for their activity against experimental infections with Plasmodium durae in domestic turkeys. While chloroquin phosphate showed a certain degree of effectivity, Amprolium, Amprolium + Ethopabate, Maduramycin, Toltrazuril, Metronidazole, Furazolidone, Enrofloxacin and Sulfamethoxypyridazine + Trimethoprim were ineffective. Halofuginone and Penta-Sulfa at a high dose had some protective effect. At high doses Sulfachloropyrazine protected from mortality without affecting the parasitaemia, while Sulfamonomethoxine suppressed parasitaemia without entirely protecting from mortality. From these data it is concluded that Halofuginone has a potential as possible chemoprophylactic. While a combination of Sulfamonomethoxine and Sulfachloropyrazine could be used in the treatment of outbreaks in the field.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The anatomy of an epidemic (the final report on an epidemic of multidrug resistant enteric fever in eastern India).

Two hundred and forty two patients of enteric fever were treated at Command Hospital (EC) Calcutta, during the period 1989-90. The mean age of the patients was 28.4 (range 2-60) years and 119 (49.2%) of them were males. Fever (100%), headache (55%), diarrhoea (25.2%), intestinal bleeding (2.9%) and icterus (3.7%) were the main presenting features. Blood cultures were positive in 216 (%) patients. A majority of the isolates were found to be resistant to all four commonly used drugs for enteric fever i.e. chloramphenicol, ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and furazolidone. The commonest phage type found in the resistant strains was 51 (biotype-1). Two plasmids of 14 and 120 kd size were detected in the resistant strains but not in the sensitive strains. Clinical response to gentamicin was not satisfactory in spite of all strains showing in vitro sensitivity. Ciprofloxacin proved to be a safe and effective drug for the treatment of multidrug resistant enteric fever.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Transferable drug resistance in Salmonella senftenberg.

Six Salmonella senftenberg strains were isolated from blood samples of patients clinically diagnosed to be suffering from enteric fever during the recent outbreak of enteric fever in and around Calcutta. All of them were multidrug resistant including chloramphenicol. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drugs in which they were resistant, were well above the normal level. All these strains were sensitive to cephalexin, gentamicin, furazolidone and ciprofloxacin. The transferable drug resistance test suggested that the strains were carrying transferable drug resistant gene containing ACSTK resistant factor.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1993

[Comparison of acid and Helicobacter pylori in ulcerogenesis of duodenal ulcer disease].

To test the efficacy of short-term ranitidine and antibacterial drugs in patients with H. Pylori associated duodenal ulcer disease and to compare the importance of acid and H. Pylori in ulcerogenesis, 90 outpatients were randomly assigned to one of five regimens: ranitidine, 150 mg in the morning and at bedtime; gentamicin, 40 mg tid; terramycin, 500 mg tid; furazolidone, 100 mg tid; or berberine, 300 mg tid. The patients were evaluated endoscopically, microbiologically and histologically before and 6 weeks after oral administration of the drugs. There were no significant differences among the 5 groups with regard to age, sex, duration of disease, nonsmokers and ulcer size. The efficacy of ranitidine and antibacterial drugs was as follows: ulcer healing: ranitidine 97%; antibacterial drugs 53%-67%; H. Pylori clearance, ranitidine 3%, antibacterial drugs 40%-60%; improvement of accompanying antral gastritis, ranitidine 7%, antibacterial drugs 67%-73%; disappearance of active antral gastritis, ranitidine 7%, antibacterial drugs 50%-71%. We conclude that the healing of duodenal ulcer is not influenced by the presence of H. Pylori, and does not appear to be associated with improvement of accompanying antral gastritis and disappearance of active antral gastritis. These findings suggest that acid secretion is more important than H. Pylori in ulcerogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assay of oxytetracycline in animal feed by liquid chromatography and microbiological plate assay.

In a proposed method for determining oxytetracycline (OTC) in animal feed, OTC is extracted with acidic methanol, and the extract is centrifuged and assayed by microbiological plate assay and by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC). Riboflavin and furazolidone elute at retention times similar to that of OTC. Successful separations are made by using both dimethylformamide and acetonitrile mobile phases. Variation between microbiological and LC results is comparable with variation within the microbiological assay. The relative standard deviation for 6 replicates of feed at the 100 ppm level is 3.6% for the LC assay and 3.1% for the microbiological assay.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1995

Clinical profile of cholera in young children--a hospital based report.

Clinical profile of cholera was studied in children attending Diarrhea Training and Treatment Unit from January-December 1993. Out of a total 8714 cases of acute watery diarrhea, 64 children (0.7%) were suspected to have cholera on the basis of acute onset loose water/rice watery stools, high purge rate with or without excessive vomiting and/or severe dehydration. Stool culture was positive for cholera in 33 cases (51.6%). All the isolates were V. cholerae 01 biotype El Tor serotype Ogawa. Sixty four per cent of stool culture positive cases were below 5 years of age. The results assume importance because out of 28 children < 2 years with clinical suspicion of cholera, 11 cases (39.3%) were culture positive for V. cholerae, youngest child being 3 months old. Comparison of various parameters revealed that presence of vomiting > 4 episodes/ day (p < 0.005), frequency of stools >12/24 hours (p <0.002), rice watery stools (p < 0.01) and presence of severe dehydration (p < 0.01) were significant parameters associated with positive stool culture. Beside examination of stool sample by hanging drop method was an excellent diagnostic tool (p < 0.001) with a sensitivity of 51.5%, specificity 100% and positive predictive value of 100%. The isolates of V. cholerae were susceptible to furazolidone, cephelexin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin and gentamicin. Our observations indicate that cholera is not uncommon in infants and young children. Like children in the older age group, acute onset diarrhea with watery/rice watery stools and high purge rate with or without excessive vomiting and/or rapid development of severe dehydration should arouse suspicion of cholera in younger children also. They should be investigated for cholera even in non-endemic areas and in the absence of cholera outbreaks.

Age Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The course of typhoid fever in levomycetin resistance of the causative agent of the disease].

Kept under observation was a patient aged 21 years, who had come from India, from whose blood taken at day 45 typhoid fever a causative agent S. typhi resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, polymyxin was isolated. The condition presented with fever of long duration (60 days), apparent intoxication, jaundice, development of appendicular symptoms and intestinal hemorrhage continueing for 10 days. Treatment with chloramphenicol, ampicillin, gentamicin, furazolidone appeared to be ineffective. Detoxicational and hemostatic therapies were tried. The patient resumed his health.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The sensitivity of Salmonella strains in diarrheal disease to new quinolones compared with other antimicrobial substances].

The sensitivity of 59 Salmonella strains isolated in children with acute diarrhoea was tested against the new quinolones like: Ciproflaxicin (CIP), Norfloxacin (NOR) and Ofloxacin (OFX), as compared to the sensitivity against same aminosides: Gentamicin (GM), Amikacin (AN) against cephalosporins: Ceftazidime (CAZ), Cefalotine (CF) and other currently used antimicrobial agents: Tetraciclin (T), Ampicilin (A), Cloramfenicol (C), Furazolidon (FU). The majority of the studied Salmonella strains, 43 out of 59 strains, belonged to the serotype typhimurium, the most frequently serotype isolated in our geographical area. A very high percentage of Salmonella strains were sensitive against the three quinolones: 98,30% sensitive against NOR, 91,5% sensitive against OFX, 91,50% sensitive against CIP and 96,6% sensitive against AN. In contrast, the Salmonella strains sensitivity was lower in the other tested antimicrobial substances: C (32,2% sensitive strains), GM (8,5%), A (16,9%), CF (11,9%), T (3,4%), FU (1,7%). Out of 59 strains, 45 where resistant to more than four antibiotics, the most often observed pattern was: A, CAZ, CF, GM, T, C, FU.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liquid chromatographic determination of nitrofuran residues in bovine muscle tissues.

A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed and statistically validated for simultaneous determination of nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin, furazolidone, and furaltadone residues in bovine muscle tissues. These antimicrobial residues in samples stabilized at pH 6.0 were extracted with acetonitrile and purified by liquid-liquid partition between dichloromethane-ethyl acetate and hexane saturated with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile-ethyl acetate extract was concentrated, and drug residues were dissolved in LC mobile phase, filtered, and determined by LC. A C18 reversed-phase (ODS Hypersil) column at 35 degrees C, a mobile phase of 0.01M sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5)-acetonitrile (70 + 30), and a UV/visible diode array detector at 365 nm were used. The retention times and UV spectra of peaks in spiked samples were compared with those of known nitrofurans. Limits of detection (LD) and quantitation (LQ) were 1 and 2 micrograms/kg, respectively. Average recoveries were 76% (range, 60-110%). Relative standard deviations ranged from 6 to 18% at 5 fortification levels from 1.5 to 20 micrograms/kg). (Fortification levels for furaltadone were 3 to 40 micrograms/kg). The method was used to analyze 350 samples per year from 1993 to 1995.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Antibiotic resistance pattern of Vibrio cholerae and Shigella causing diarrhoea outbreaks in the eastern Africa region: 1994-1996.

Between March 1994 and December 1996, 1797 rectal swabs were transported to the AMREF laboratory from sites in six countries in the eastern Africa region: 1749 were cultured for Vibrio cholerae and 48 for Shigella/Salmonella. Culture, isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using standardized techniques. The isolates were categorized as sensitive or resistant based on standardized zones of inhibition. The rate of isolation of V. cholerae from rectal swabs increased progressively from less than 20% to more than 45% between 1994 and 1996, 80-100% of isolates of V. cholerae from Kenya and south Sudan, and 65-90% from Somalia were sensitive to tetracycline, although in 1995 isolates from Mogadishu showed only 44% sensitivity. All isolates from Tanzania and Rwanda were 100% resistant to tetracycline. In Kenya and Somalia, the percentage of isolates sensitive to chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole reduced markedly from 85% in 1994 to < 10% in 1996. 100% of isolates from Rwanda and Tanzania were resistant to chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole while in south Sudan > 70% of isolates were sensitive. Nalidixic acid and erythromycin retained > 75% sensitivity in all areas. Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri were recovered from dysentery specimens in northern Kenya. Both species showed similar antibiotic sensitivity patterns and were sensitive only to nalidixic acid and furazolidone. Due to variations of resistance patterns within countries in the region, antibiotic sensitivity testing should be performed at the start of an outbreak, and antibiotic use should be restricted to severe cases of V. cholerae and Shigella infection.

Africa↗