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PubMed2006

FSH regulates the formation of adherens junctions and ectoplasmic specialisations between rat Sertoli cells in vitro and in vivo.

Spermatogenesis is dependent on the ability of Sertoli cells to form mature junctions that maintain a unique environment within the seminiferous epithelium. Adjacent Sertoli cells form a junctional complex that includes classical adherens junctions and testis-specific ectoplasmic specialisations (ES). The regulation of inter-Sertoli cell junctions by the two main endocrine regulators of spermatogenesis, FSH and testosterone, is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of FSH and testosterone on inter-Sertoli cell adherens junctions (as determined by immunolocalisation of cadherin, catenin and actin) and ES junctions (as determined by immunolocalisation of espin, actin and vinculin) in cultured immature Sertoli cells and GnRH-immunised adult rat testes given FSH or testosterone replacement in vivo. When hormones were absent in vitro, adherens junctions formed as discrete puncta between interdigitating, finger-like projections of Sertoli cells, but ES junctions were not present. The adherens junction puncta included actin filaments that were oriented perpendicularly to the Sertoli cell plasma membrane, but were not associated with the intermediate filament protein vimentin. When FSH was added in vitro, ES junctions formed, and adjacent adherens junction puncta fused into extensive adherens junction belts. After hormone suppression in vivo, ES junctions were absent, while FSH replacement restored ES junctions, as confirmed by electron microscopy and confocal analysis of ES-associated proteins. Testosterone alone did not affect adherens junctions or ES in vitro or in vivo. We conclude that FSH can regulate the formation of ES junctions and stimulate the organisation and orientation of extensive adherens junctions in Sertoli cells.

Actins↗
PubMed1992

Endocrine changes in beef heifers superovulated with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH-P) or human menopausal gonadotropin.

The effects of superovulatory treatment (FSH-P vs human menopausal gonadotropin, HMG) and of route of administration (i.m. vs. i.v.) of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) on hormonal profiles were determined in 32 Angus x Hereford heifers. Heifers were superstimulated with either FSH-P (total of 26 mg) or HMG (total of 1,050 IU) beginning on d 9 to 12 of an estrous cycle and PGF2 alpha (40 mg) was administered at 60 and 72 h after the beginning of superovulatory treatments. Heifers were artificially inseminated three times at 12-h intervals beginning 48 h after PGF2 alpha treatment. Blood serum samples were collected immediately before treatments began, at 12-h intervals during the first 60 h, each 4 h during the next 96 h, and each 12 h until day of embryo collection. Concentrations of LH and FSH were not affected by hormone treatments, route of PGF2 alpha injection, or interactions between them. Estradiol-17 beta (E2-17 beta) levels were higher (P less than .05) in HMG- than in FSH-P-treated heifers 60 h after gonadotropin treatment. Peak concentration of E2-17 beta occurred earlier (P less than .05) in HMG- than in FSH-P-treated heifers and earlier in heifers injected with PGF2 alpha i.m. than in those injected i.v. Progesterone concentrations were not influenced by treatment or route of PGF2 alpha administration, but were affected (P less than .01) by the interactions between treatment and route of PGF2 alpha administration. Progesterone declined to basal levels earlier in the FSH-P- than in the HMG-treated heifers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

FSH, LH, E2, progesterone, and testosterone in peripheral blood, spermatic vein, and semen of subfertile men with varicocele.

Peripheral blood (PB), spermatic vein (Sp. V.), and semen samples were collected from 31 subfertile men with varicocele. Levels of FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone were determined in the three biological fluid compartments using RIA. Remarkable increases in both testosterone and estradiol in the spermatic vein samples, as compared to either peripheral blood or semen, were evident. Correlation coefficient indicated significant positive correlation between PB FSH and each of PB LH, Sp. V. FSH, and Sp. V. LH. Significant positive correlation existed between PB LH and each of Sp. V. FSH, LH, and testosterone. Significant positive correlations were found between PB testosterone and each of Sp. V. testosterone and semen testosterone, as well as between PB estradiol and each of Sp. V. FSH and progesterone. Significant positive correlations between Sp. V. FSH and Sp. V. testicular progesterone was significantly correlated with seminal estradiol.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Serum inhibin is inversely correlated with serum FSH levels in adult men.

Serum inhibin, FSH, and testosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 36 normal human males, aged 8 to 63 years. Inhibin and FSH levels rose during 8 to 17 years to reach adult values. At these ages there is a significant direct linear correlation between serum FSH and inhibin levels (r = 0.81, p less than 0.01), whereas in adulthood the relationship between serum FSH and inhibin levels was significant inverse (r = -0.70, p less than 0.01). No correlation was found between serum testosterone and FSH (r = -0.18, p:NS) or between serum testosterone and inhibin (r = 0.14, p:NS). In senescence there is a significant decrease in the serum inhibin levels (r = -0.53, p less than 0.05). These findings suggest that negative feedback is established once serum inhibin has reached adult values, and that in physiologic conditions inhibin plays a greater role than testosterone in the negative feedback regulation of FSH.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Roles of FSH and testosterone in the initiation of spermatogenesis in prepubertal rats medically hypophysectomized by a GnRH antagonist.

Experimentally induced medical hypophysectomy in prepubertal rats through treatment of GnRH antagonist for 3 weeks, initiated on the 20th day of age, markedly decreased testicular weight by 85% of that of the controls. Quantitative assessment of spermatogenesis in testicular semithin preparations revealed a significant reduction in the numbers of preleptotene (27.2 +/- 1.6 to 15.6 +/- 0.52) and pachytene (25.8 +/- 0.96 to 5.35 +/- 0.26) spermatocytes and complete absence of any spermatids after the treatment. By contrast, round stage 7 and elongated spermatids were observed in many tubules of the testis in the age-matched control rats. At the end of GnRH antagonist treatment, the blood levels of LH were undetectable, while testosterone and FSH were decreased to 12 and 44% of the controls, respectively. Supplementation of either FSH (ovine FSH 20 micrograms/rat day-1) or testosterone (30 micrograms/rat day-1) enhanced the testicular weight (68%) and the circulatory levels of these hormones, but failed to support quantitatively normal spermatogenesis, which was, however, qualitatively improved. The number of maturing spermatids were comparatively higher in the testosterone-supplemented group that in the FSH-administered group. The latter group had otherwise the highest number of degenerating germ cells per tubule (mean 4.8 +/- 0.1). Testicular weight and stage-specific germ cell counts were restored to normalcy only in rats supplemented with both FSH and testosterone, the critical concentrations of which were important in the initial stages of spermatogenesis. Testosterone alone had a positive effect in terms of germ cell development, while FSH without testosterone was detrimental to the maturing germ cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Testicular dysfunction in leprosy: relationships of FSH, LH and testosterone to disease classification, activity and duration.

Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in leprosy patients and analysed for effect of disease classification, disease activity and duration of disease. LH and FSH levels were found to be significantly elevated in lepromatous patients compared to borderline-lepromatous, midborderline and borderline-tuberculoid patients. A positive correlation was seen between LH and FSH and a negative correlation was seen between testosterone and both LH and FSH. No correlation was seen between hormone levels and measures of disease activity: bacillary index and IgM to phenolic glycolipid I, a Mycobacterium leprae antigen. A significant correlation was seen between duration of disease and FSH when age was taken into account, indicating that testicular dysfunction is probably cumulative and irreversible. It is recommended that LL patients be routinely screened for hypogonadism using FSH, LH and testosterone levels.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone↗
PubMed2001

[Evaluation of oocyte maturity in patients undergoing ICSI and R-FSH treatment].

BACKGROUND: This study compares embryo quality, fertilisation rate and pregnancy rates after ICSI related with the quality of oocytes achieved after r-FSH stimulation. METHODS: We evaluated 955 oocytes from patients following r-FSH and 643 oocytes from patients stimulated with ultrapure urinary FSH. The oocytes were divided into: a) normal oocytes; b) ooctyes with extra cytoplasmatic abnormalities (dark zona pellucida, wide perivitelline space); c) oocytes with cytoplasmatic abnormalities (dark cytoplasm, granular cytoplasm, retractile body), d) oocytes with shape abnormalities; e) oocytes with double abnormalities; f) oocytes with triple abnormalities. The embryos were divided into: A) even and homogeneous blastomeres without fragmentation; B) even and homogeneous blastomeres with <20% fragmentation; C) uneven and non-homogeneous blastomeres with 20-50% fragmentation; D) uneven and non homogeneous blastomere with >50% fragmentation. RESULTS: 40.9% of oocytes from patients treated with r-FSH have a normal morphology vs 35.2% of control groups (p<0.04). Abnormalities have a similar frequency in the two groups, except for the presence of three combined abnormalities (7.7 vs 5.4%; p<0.04). Fertilisation rate, cleavage rate, oocyte quality and pregnancy rate do not appear to be influenced by oocyte morphology and the type of FSH used for stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of r-FSH allows a large number of oocytes to be rescued, with a high incidence of normal morphology. The fertilisation rate and the quality of embryos obtained from oocytes with structural abnormalities are similar to those observed in morphologically normal oocytes. Even the probability of pregnancy is similar in the two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Role of changes in the pulsatile secretion pattern of FSH in initiation of ovarian folliculogenesis in bitches.

The results of two studies in which the pulsatile secretion patterns of LH and FSH were investigated in six Beagle bitches during early, mid- and late anoestrus and in six anoestrous Beagle bitches treated with bromocriptine are summarized to improve our knowledge of the endocrine changes that lead to a new follicular phase in bitches. Blood samples for the determination of secretory profiles were obtained via jugular venepuncture at 10 min intervals for 6 h. In untreated bitches, blood samples were collected during early, mid- and late anoestrus. In bromocriptine-treated bitches (20 micrograms kg-1 twice each day, starting 100 days after ovulation until the start of the next oestrous cycle), blood samples were collected before treatment and at 2 week intervals after the start of bromocriptine treatment until the next ovulation. In all bitches, FSH and LH were secreted in a pulsatile manner and FSH pulses coincided with LH pulses. Progression from early to late anoestrus was associated with an increase in FSH secretion without a concomitant increase in LH secretion. The bromocriptine-induced shortening of the interoestrous interval was also associated with an increase in FSH secretion without a concomitant increase in LH secretion. These results indicate that in bitches an increase in circulating FSH should be considered to be a critical event required for the initiation of ovarian folliculogenesis and consequently the termination of anoestrus.

Anestrus↗
PubMed2002

Plasma FSH, inhibin A and inhibin isoforms containing pro- and -alphaC during winter anoestrus, spring transition and the breeding season in mares.

Ten mares were studied from February (winter anoestrus) to their second ovulation in the breeding season to investigate the relationship between resumption of ovarian cyclicity in the spring and circulating concentrations of FSH, inhibin A and inhibin isoforms containing pro- and -alphaC immunoreactivity. An additional four mares were studied during one oestrous cycle. Growth and regression of ovarian follicles were monitored by transrectal ultrasonography. The frequency of blood sampling varied from three times a week to once a day, depending on the follicular activity present. Concentrations of FSH, oestradiol, inhibin A and pro- and -alphaC isoforms were low during deep winter anoestrus when minimal follicular activity was present in the ovaries. During spring transition, an increase in FSH concentration preceded the emergence of each follicular wave. Concentrations of inhibins were significantly higher (P < 0.05) during growth of anovulatory follicles in spring transition than during winter anoestrus. Plasma concentrations of oestradiol and inhibin A were significantly higher (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively) during the growth of preovulatory follicles than during the growth of transitional anovulatory follicles, but concentrations of inhibin pro-alphaC isoforms did not differ between the two types of follicle. During the oestrous cycle, there was a significant inverse relationship (P < 0.001) between concentrations of FSH and the inhibins. Plasma inhibin pro-alphaC isoforms, but not inhibin A, reached a peak on the day of ovulation. The results strongly indicate that FSH regulates growth of spring anovulatory and preovulatory follicles. Inhibins are likely to contribute to negative feedback on the release of FSH from the pituitary gland both during the transitional period and the breeding season in mares.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Prognosis following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in patients with elevated day 2 or 3 serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is better in younger vs older patients.

PURPOSE: To determine if younger women with increased day 2 or 3 serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels have a better prognosis than older women with similar FSH elevations. METHODS: Retrospective comparison of in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome from cycles from 1/1/97 to 9/30/99 according to serum FSH < or = 12 vs > 12 and age < or = 38 or > 38. Only cycles where follicular phase leuprolide acetate was used were included. RESULTS: Age group < or = 38 - clinical pregnancy rate (PR)/transfer was 32% with lower FSH vs 28.6% with higher FSH. The respective PRs for the older group were 30.3% and 5.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Oocyte quality as evidenced by PRs following IVF-ET seems to be better in younger vs older patients despite increased basal serum FSH levels.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Is the concentration of plasma FSH a criterion for refusal?].

FSH level is correlated with ovarian reserve. Oocyte quality is correlated with women age. Pregnancy rate decreases and miscarriage rate increases with woman age. In young women, high FSH level are not associated with a lower pregnancy rates. Thus, in young women, high basal FSH is not a contraindication to IVF treatment. Miscarriage rate is not correlated with FSH level. The outcome of IVF is higher in young patients with elevated FSH levels, than in patients older than 40 years of age with normal FSH levels.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

SUMEVA, a new system of climacteric symptom evaluation, and its correlation with FSH and estradiol levels.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new climacteric symptom scale (SUMEVA) and to assess its correlation with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) levels. METHODS: 115 healthy perimenopausal women who were not receiving, nor had received, hormone therapy were studied. They were asked to complete 3 questionnaires concerning climacteric symptoms: (1) Kupperman's index (KI), (2) Green scale (GS), and (3) SUMEVA, which is the sum of symptom evaluations done in an analog visual scale. FSH and E2 determinations were done by chemoluminiscence. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The comparison among the groups was done by Student's t test. Pearson correlation analysis was done between FSH and E2 levels and KI, the GS, and SUMEVA. RESULTS: There were 60 women with FSH < or = 30 mIU/mL (group I) and 55 with FSH > 30 mIU/mL (group II). The KI average in the whole group was 13.2 +/- 8.1, the GS 20.6 +/- 13.1, and the SUMEVA 65.6 +/- 44.9. The three scales had a significant correlation between them. CONCLUSIONS: No correlation of KI, GS, or SUMEVA was found with FSH and E2 levels, but the SUMEVA was as effective as the other previously validated, scales for climacteric symptom evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of specific FSH or LH deprivation on testicular function of the adult rat.

While the need for FSH in initiating spermatogenesis in the immature rat is well accepted, its requirement for maintenance of spermatogenesis in adulthood is questioned. In the current study, using gonadotropin antisera to neutralize specifically either endogenous FSH or LH, we have investigated the effect of either FSH or LH deprivation for a 10-day period on (i) testicular macromolecular synthesis in vitro, (ii) the activities of testicular germ cell specific LDH-X and hyaluronidase enzymes, and finally (iii) on the concentration of sulphated glycoprotein (SGP-2), one of the Sertoli cell marker proteins. Both immature (35-day-old) and adult (100-day-old) rats have been used in this study. Since LH deprivation leads to a near total blockade of testosterone production, the ability of exogenous testosterone supplementation to override the effects of LH deficiency has also been evaluated. Deprivation of either of the gonadotropins significantly affected in vitro RNA and protein synthesis by both testicular minces as well as single cell preparations. Fractionation of dispersed testicular cells preincubated with labelled precursors of RNA and protein on Percoll density gradient revealed that FSH deprivation affected specifically the rate of RNA and protein synthesis of germ cell and not Leydig cell fraction. LH but not FSH deprivation inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. The inhibitory effect of LH could mostly be overriden by testosterone supplementation. LDH-X and hyaluronidase activities of testicular homogenates of adult rats showed significant reduction (50%; P less than .05) following either FSH or LH deprivation. Again testosterone supplementation was able to reverse the LH inhibitory effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical and endocrinologic aspects of treatment with pure FSH. A report of experiences].

Ovarian stimulation with pure urinary FSH (Fertinorm, Serono Freiburg, FRG) shows therapeutic efficacy in patients with chronic clomiphene-resistant anovulation and elevated androgen levels. In case of unsatisfactory ovarian response the rate of success can be improved by adding HMG. 20 patients were stimulated for a total of 36 cycles. Cycle monitoring was performed by transbdominal ultrasound and cervical mucus evaluation. Hormone determination (E2, LH, FSH, prolactin, testosterone, DHEAS) was carried out retrospectively. In 17 cycles HMG was added because of insufficient follicle maturation. Upon achieving a dominant follicle with a diameter of more than 1.6 cm (25 cycles, 14 of those with FSH stimulation only) HCG was applied for induction of ovulation. In 22 cycles ovulation occurred. 7 of those revealed sings of luteal phase deficiency. In anovulatory cycles (n = 3) there was a discrepancy between sonography and E2-levels. Premature increase in LH, partly with subsequent luteinization of follicles was observed in 7 of all 36 cycles (19.4%), 2 of those under sole FSH-stimulation. The number of dominant follicles on the day of HCG-application was 1.40 +/- 1.06 (n = 15) in cycles with FSH alone and 2.09 +/- 1.76 (n = 11) in cycles with additional HMG. Hyperstimulation (more than 4 leading follicles) was induced in 9 cycles (5 cycles with FSH only). In 7 (4) cases HCG had to be cancelled. Polyfollicular ovarian reaction and premature increase in LH preferentially occurred in cycles with high basel levels of LH and elevated LH/FSH-ratio.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Promoting effect of oocytes and FSH on the growth of follicles].

Immature follicles grow autonomously even without pituitary gonadotropins. In order to explore this reason, promoting effects of oocyte and some endocrinological substances on the proliferation of granulosa-cells (G-cells) have been investigated using the labelling index (LI) with 3H-Thymidine (3H-Tdr) and mitotic index (MI) in mature mice and immature hypophysectomized (hypox) rats. The following results were obtained: In preantral follicles with the oocyte diameter below 69 mu, the LI was low (9.5 +/- 1.7%) (m +/- SE) and the follicular diameter was small (69.0 +/- 7.7 mu). As the oocyte developed with its diameter 80-89 mu, the LI increased (20.3 +/- 3.8%) and the follicular diameter also increased (192.3 +/- 19.4 mu). In preantral follicles with the oocyte diameter over 80 mu the G-cells near the oocyte had a much higher LI than the distant G-cells. After the antrum formation, the LI and MI of cumulus layers adjacent to the oocyte were three times higher than those of mural layers. Among the mural cell layers in the antral follicle, the layer adjacent to the antrum showed remarkably high LI in comparison with the distant layers. In FSH primed group the LI of G-cells was two fold higher than that in hypox control group (p less than 0.001). In the preantral follicle of hypox control group the G-cells near the oocyte had a much higher LI than the distant G-cells. Moreover in FSH primed group the LI indicated high value not only in the cell layers adjacent to the oocyte but also in the cell layers adjacent to the theca interna. In LH, E2 and P4 primed groups the LI of G-cells had no change significantly in comparison with that in hypox control group. In FSH + LH primed group the LI of G-cells decreased significantly in comparison with that in FSH primed group (p less than 0.05). In FSH + E2 group the LI had no change significantly in comparison with that in FSH primed group. These results suggest that the granulosa-cell growth factor (GGF) in oocyte, which seems to play a role in the formation of cumulus, is secreted with the growth of the oocyte. In antral follicles the GGF is transported through the follicular fluid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of pure FSH alone or in combination for ovulation stimulation in in vitro fertilization.

The experience of the Norfolk Program, from the beginning of 1981 until mid 1984, is reviewed. Two groups of patients are compared. The initial experience goes from the very beginning until early 1984 in which knowledge has accumulated; the patients treated afterwards up to mid 1984 where the previous experience was used to monitor them in a more accurate way is reviewed as a separate category. Different protocols, in each group, are compared: concomitant combination of hFSH/hMG (protocol # 1), sequential combination of the two gonadotropins (protocol # 2), and pure FSH administration (protocol # 3). Several parameters were used in the evaluation of the results: 1) day of laparoscopy, 2) volume of the follicles obtained, 3) number of preovulatory oocytes obtained, 4) number of immature oocytes obtained, 5) number of atretic oocytes induced, 6) number of oocytes with abnormal zona pellucida, 7) fertilization rate of preovulatory and immature oocytes, 8) abnormal fertilization rate of preovulatory and immature oocytes, 9) cleavage rate of the normally fertilized preovulatory immature oocytes, 10) transfer rate, single and multiple, 11) follicular and luteal phases as evaluated by estradiol levels in the preovulatory phase and by E2 and progesterone in the post ovulatory phase, 12) pregnancy rate. Pure FSH seems to prolong somewhat the follicular phase. Preovulatory oocytes derived from small follicles may originate pregnancies that may end in abortion. The concomitant combination rendered a larger number of preovulatory oocytes. The number of immature oocytes tend to be higher in the pure FSH stimulated group, but this seems to depend on the way FSH is used. The normal fertilization rate for preovulatory oocytes tends to be similar as the criteria used in the stimulation protocol improved. The abnormal fertilization rate for both types of oocytes decreased in the latest series. The number of embryos transferred was higher in the concomitant combination stimulation. Shortening the hMG/hCG interval in the pure FSH category seems to induce a deficient follicular phase except in cases with rapid high response. When using the hFSH/hMG combination the values of estradiol in the follicular phase tend to be much higher than when the original pure hMG protocol is used. This does not seem to be true when pure FSH stimulation is used. The number of multiple transfers increased substantially in both types of stimulation as experience increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1984

[Origin of the FSH + LH double activity of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG/PMSG)].

The LH and FSH activities of equine choriogonadotropin (eCG) have been compared in several species with those of the highly purified homologous pituitary gonadotropins. The molar FSH/LH activity ratio of eCG determined by RRA is 0.20 in the pig, 0.25 in the rat and 0 in the horse. These data demonstrate the LH monospecificity of eCG in its own species as it is the case for hCG. We have also shown that equine LH exhibited a FSH-activity similar to that of eCG in the pig and in the rat but not in the horse. In the female rat, the binding activity to FSH receptors and the in vitro FSH activity of eCG are similar (about 0.005 X eFSH). In the male rat, the binding activity of eCG to FSH receptors is much higher (0.15 X eFSH) than its in vitro FSH activity (0.007 X eFSH). The behaviour of equine LH is similar to that of eCG in the four systems. Our data clearly indicate that the double activity of eCG is not unique to this molecule. Moreover, the double activity is not intrinsic to the eCG molecule since it depends on the species and the sex of the animal used as well as on the system used (RRA) or in vitro biological assay).

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Effects of bromocriptine on FSH and LH secretion in women with euprolactinemic anovulation (author's transl)].

A few reports have been given that Bromocriptine effected not only on the hyperprolactinemic anovulations but also on the euprolactinemic anovulations. This study was performed to examine the underlying mechanism, 5 mg of Bromocriptine was daily administered for 30 days to 38 women with euprolactinemic anovulations. The basal secretions of FSH, LH and Prolactin and also the responsiveness to LH-RH, TRH and estradiol were examined. 31.6% of oligomenorrhea, anovulatory cycle and Ist. grade amenorrhea showed ovulatory cycles, however, no ovulations were observed in IInd. grade amenorrhea. The basal levels of FSH and LH significantly increased but the basal levels of Prolactin decreased by Bromocriptine. The responsiveness of FSH to LH-RH was markedly promoted but LH showed no significant change. Serum FSH was suppressed in estrogen loading test after Bromocriptine, which was poorly changed before. On the other hand, serum LH was markedly elevated by estradiol after Bromocriptine, which showed poor elevation before. These results conclude that: 1) Ovulation is induced by Bromocriptine administration in euprolactinemic anovulations. 2) Bromocriptine promotes the FSH and LH secretion from the pituitary and also promotes the reserve of FSH in the pituitary. 3) Bromocriptine promotes the sensitivity of the estrogen feedback in the hypothalamus.

Adolescent↗