Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Disorders”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

DSM-III personality disorders and the outcome of treated panic disorder.

Fifty-two patients with panic disorder who had been receiving active benzodiazepine treatment for 8 weeks were assessed by using the outcome measures of spontaneous and situational panic attacks, scores on the Hamilton scales for anxiety and for depression, and scores on self-rated disability scales. Although spontaneous panic attacks were not affected by the presence of any personality disorder, the remaining outcome measures showed a strong and negative association with DSM-III antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders. There was also a mild negative association with avoidant personality disorder. A subgroup of patients with both major depression and panic disorder appeared more strongly affected.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Diagnosing comorbid psychiatric disorders in substance abusers: validity of the Spanish versions of the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV.

OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to assess the validity of DSM-IV diagnoses obtained with the Spanish versions of the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) compared with the longitudinal, expert, all data (LEAD) procedure in a group of substance abusers. METHOD: A total of 105 substance abusers recruited at a drug abuse treatment center in Barcelona, Spain, were assessed. The PRISM and SCID were administered blindly by independent research interviewers. LEAD diagnoses were made by two senior psychiatrists who were blind to PRISM and SCID diagnoses. The kappa statistic was used to measure concordance between the LEAD procedure and the PRISM and SCID. RESULTS: Affective and anxiety disorders were diagnosed more frequently by the PRISM and SCID than by the LEAD procedure. Use of the PRISM resulted in more diagnoses of substance-induced depression, and use of the SCID resulted in more diagnoses of primary major depression than the LEAD procedure. Kappas between the LEAD procedure and the PRISM in current major depression, past substance-induced depression, and borderline personality disorder were better than those obtained between the LEAD procedure and the SCID. The concordance among the three methods for diagnoses of current dependence disorders was good or excellent for alcohol, anxiolytic, cocaine, and heroin dependence and fair for cannabis dependence. Abuse diagnoses showed poor concordance. CONCLUSIONS: Using the LEAD procedure as a "gold standard," the authors conclude that the Spanish version of the PRISM seems to be a better instrument than the Spanish version of the SCID for diagnosing major depression and borderline personality disorders in substance abusers.

Comorbidity↗
PubMed2003

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and related disorders in Parkinson's disease.

This study evaluated the frequency of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), and related disorders (e.g., tic disorders, trichotillomania, and body dysmorphic disorder) in 100 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 100 individually matched controls. When compared with controls, OCD, OCS, and related disorders were not higher in PD. Findings revealed an association of some OCS with left side motor symptom predominance in PD patients, particularly for symmetry and ordering/arranging. These findings suggest that the right hemisphere likely functions in the expression of OCS.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Clinical implications of a link between fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the animal and human research literature on the link between fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD: We conducted a comprehensive literature review that addressed the history of, and current research on, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and FASD, as well as that on ADHD in children. RESULTS: In animal and human research, there is emerging clinical, neuropsychological, and neurochemical evidence of a link between FASD and ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence of the link between these 2 conditions has implications for clinical management. The clinical quality of ADHD in children with FASD often differs from that of children without FASD. For children with FASD, ADHD is more likely to be the earlier-onset, inattention subtype, with comorbid developmental, psychiatric, and medical conditions. Children with FASD are commonly not mentally retarded but present complex learning disabilities, especially a mixed receptive-expressive language disorder with deficits in social cognition and communication (reminiscent of sensory aphasia and apraxia), working memory problems, and frequently, a mathematics disorder. Comorbid psychiatric conditions include anxiety, mood, conduct, or explosive disorders. As well, cardiac, renal, or skeletal problems are more likely to be present. Because these children have a disturbance in brain neurochemistry, or even brain structure (that is, in the corpus callosum), their response to standard psychostimulant medication can be quite unpredictable.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Are schizophreniform symptoms present in attenuated form in children with Tourette disorder and other developmental disorders.

Childhood schizophrenia is an increasingly difficult disorder to identify. We review the DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia and raise the possibility that schizophreniform symptoms may be present in children with Tourette disorder to identify. We review the DSM-III criteria for seen in Tourette disorder that resemble the symptoms of schizophrenia are discussed and data from selected patients are presented. This data is presented to assist clinicians in making more appropriate diagnoses (that is, avoiding the incorrect diagnosis of schizophrenia) and in refining distinctions between the symptoms of schizophrenia seen in childhood and similar symptoms seen in other developmental disorders, especially Tourette disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Delusional (paranoid) disorders: etiologic and taxonomic considerations. II. A possible relationship between delusional and affective disorders.

Paranoid (delusional) disorders are usually thought to overlap with schizophrenic disorders, and there may be a continuum, especially with paranoid schizophrenia. There is also some recent evidence of an overlap with affective disorders. This article refers to the author's series of monodelusional disorders, emphasizing certain mood concomitants, and discussing the implications of these for delusional disorders in general.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed2004

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adult patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): is ADHD a vulnerability factor?

OBJECTIVE: There is limited evidence suggesting a link between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study examined the association between PTSD and ADHD using retrospective and current clinical evaluations. METHOD: Twenty-five male veterans with PTSD and 22 male veterans with panic disorder were evaluated for ADHD. The data was analyzed using chi-square and student's t-tests. RESULTS: Thirty-six percent of participants with PTSD and 9% of participants with panic disorder met criteria for childhood ADHD. Twenty-eight percent of participants with PTSD and 5% of participants with panic disorder met criteria for current ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be a significant association of PTSD with ADHD. ADHD or common predisposing factors may increase the vulnerability for developing PTSD.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Personality disorders and normal personality dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about personality disorders and normal personality dimensions in relatives of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). AIMS: To determine whether specific personality characteristics are part of a familial spectrum of OCD. METHOD: Clinicians evaluated personality disorders in 72 OCD case and 72 control probands and 198 case and 207 control first-degree relatives. The selfcompleted Revised NEO Personality Inventory was used for assessment of normal personality dimensions. The prevalence of personality disorders and scores on normal personality dimensions were compared between case and control probands and between case and control relatives. RESULTS: Case probands and case relatives had a high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and high neuroticism scores. Neuroticism was associated with OCPD in case but not control relatives. CONCLUSIONS: Neuroticism and OCPD may share a common familial aetiology with OCD.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Risk factors for premenstrual dysphoric disorder in a community sample of young women: the role of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder.

BACKGROUND: There is some evidence that the onset and course of premenstrual syndrome is related to stress; however, few studies have explored the role of traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as risk factors for the development of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). METHOD: A community cohort of 1488 women (aged 14-24 years at baseline) were prospectively and longitudinally evaluated up to 3 times over a period of about 42 months from 1995 to 1999. The DSM-IV version of the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to establish PMDD and PTSD diagnostic status; stressful life events and conditions were assessed with the Munich Events List and the Daily Hassles Scale. Prevalence and incidence of either threshold or subthreshold PMDD from baseline to the second follow-up were calculated. Risk factors, including prior comorbid mental disorders and traumatic events, were examined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The incidence of threshold PMDD was 3.0%. The most powerful predictors were subthreshold PMDD at baseline (OR = 11.0, 95% CI = 4.7 to 25.9). Traumatic events greatly increased the odds of developing PMDD at follow-up (OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.2 to 12.0). Other predictors were a history of anxiety disorder (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.1 to 5.5) and elevated daily hassles scores (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1 to 2.3). Both were also associated with the risk of developing subthreshold PMDD, although the association was less robust. CONCLUSIONS: Traumatic events and pre-existing anxiety disorders are risk factors for the development of PMDD. The underlying mechanisms are unknown, making further investigation necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Sleep latency and duration estimates among sleep disorder patients: variability as a function of sleep disorder diagnosis, sleep history, and psychological characteristics.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Insomnia patients often report greater sleep disturbance than found via polysomnography; yet the specific patient factors related to such sleep time misperceptions are poorly understood. We sought to characterize the extent to which a diverse group of patients complaining of insomnia (n=104) misperceive overnight total sleep time and sleep latency, and to identify patient factors associated with these variations. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: University based sleep disorders center. PATIENTS: Sleep disorder groups consisted of patients with psychophysiological insomnia (n=19), sleep state misperception (n=8), insomnia with depressive disorder (n=11), insomnia secondary to Axis I psychiatric disorder other than depression (n=21), periodic limb movement disorder (n=24), and obstructive sleep apnea (n=21). MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS: Patients completed a sleep history questionnaire and the MMPI, underwent overnight diagnostic polysomnographic assessment, and then estimated their total sleep time and sleep latency the subsequent morning. On average, patients overestimated sleep latency, but were equally likely to underestimate vs. overestimate total sleep time. Sleep time misperception was associated with longer periods of wakefulness following sleep onset, greater self-perceived sleep impairment, as well as several psychological dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: Patient factors, including sleep quality, perceptions of habitual sleep time, and current psychopathology, potentially influence sleep time estimation. Whereas psychological factors may lead to exaggeration of sleep disturbance among some patients, sleep quality itself may also influence the congruence between subjective and objective indices of sleep.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comorbidity on disorders with loss of impulse-control: pathological gambling, addictions and personality disorders.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the comorbidity of pathological gamblers, mainly in disorders with loss of impulse-control as addictions and personality disorders (PD). Also, to discuss addictive and impulsive characteristics of pathological gambling (PG), and their implications in prognosis and treatment. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross-sectional study on 162 patients with PG admitted for treatment in a specific residential unit. The SCID-I and II were used for the addiction and the PD diagnosis. For the diagnosis and evaluation of PG the SOGS, AGQ III and the Gambling Severity Index were also used. RESULTS: The 61.1 % of the patients presented some PD, where the cluster B ones (impulsive group) were more frequent, followed by C and A ones. 63.3% of patients had had in their lives substance dependence criteria, where alcohol dependence was the most prevalent. The presence of PD is related to the gravity of the addiction by the dependence to more than one substance (chi2=7.15; p<0.008). DISCUSSION: TP and substance-related disorders (SRD) are frequent comorbidities of the PG. Their co-presentation could mean worse prognosis of this patients. The PG as impulsive disorder could help to the understanding of the etiopathogenia of this disorder, but also of the prognosis. This hypothesis will add to the addictive one other treatment approaches that should be included in future studies of PG.

Comorbidity↗
PubMed1990

Panic and phobic disorders in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder.

Obsessive compulsive disorder shares numerous clinical features with other anxiety disorders. To study the relationship between OCD and other anxiety disorders, the authors administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III to 36 OCD patients. Thirty-nine percent (14) of patients reported a lifetime history of panic attacks, and 14% (5) met DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder at the time of interview. Fourteen percent (5) met criteria for social phobias, and 19% (7) met criteria for simple phobias. Eighteen patients were treated with clomipramine in doses of at least 100 mg/day for 3 months. Patients with a history of other anxiety disorders responded significantly better to clomipramine.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Is an obsessive-compulsive disorder in children an anxiety disorder?].

Concerning the update reconsideration of anxiety disorders of children, should childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder be assimilated as an anxiety disorder? Authors attempted to answer to this question by taking into account various levels of consideration which lead them to position childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder in the vicinity of anxiety disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Aberrant snacking patterns and eating disorders in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Appetitive symptoms, particularly carbohydrate craving, have been shown to occur in patients whose conditions responded to treatment with drugs that enhance serotonin-mediated neurotransmission. This suggested that patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) who also frequently respond to serotonergic drugs also might have similar distributions of appetitive and eating patterns. METHOD: A survey study of 170 OCD patients and 920 controls was conducted using a questionnaire that inquired about snacking behavior, including food preference, mood changes after eating, and previous diagnosis of eating disorders. The frequency responses in the two groups were tested for statistical significance. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the OCD and control groups with respect to the reported incidence of eating disorders, snacking patterns, and mood response to food. CONCLUSION: This finding of different snacking patterns in OCD mirrors that found in other disorders that have been shown to be responsive to serotonergic drugs. The high incidence of carbohydrate snacking among OCD patients compared with the control group provides additional evidence that brain serotonin may be involved in this disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The efficacy of fluvoxamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder: effects of comorbid chronic tic disorder.

This retrospective case-controlled analysis evaluated treatment response to the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with or without a comorbid chronic tic disorder. Thirty-three fluvoxamine-treated OCD patients with a concurrent chronic tic disorder were compared with 33 age- and sex-matched OCD patients without chronic tics who had received fluvoxamine treatment in the same setting during the same period of time and in a similar manner. Although both groups of patients demonstrated statistically significant reductions in obsessive-compulsive, depressive, and anxiety symptoms with fluvoxamine treatment, the frequency and magnitude of response of obsessive-compulsive symptoms was significantly different between the two groups. A clinically meaningful improvement in obsessive-compulsive symptoms occurred in only 21% of OCD patients with comorbid chronic tics compared with a 52% response rate in OCD patients without chronic tics. Moreover, OCD patients with a concurrent chronic tic disorder showed only a 17% reduction in Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale scores compared with a 32% decrease in the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in those OCD patients without chronic tics. These results suggest that serotonin reuptake inhibitor monotherapy may be less efficacious for improving obsessive-compulsive symptoms in OCD patients with than without tics. Combined with differences in the clinical phenomenology between these two groups, these treatment response data support the hypothesis that OCD patients with a comorbid chronic tic disorder may be a clinically meaningful subtype.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The assessment of affective disorders in children and adolescents by semistructured interview. Test-retest reliability of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children, present episode version.

The reliability of assessment of Research Diagnostic Criteria and DSM-III axis I affective disorders in children and adolescents was studied using a semistructured diagnostic interview. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) for School-Age Children (Kiddie SADS) Present Episode Version, an adaptation of the adult SADS for children was used. Fifty-two subjects, aged 6 through 17 years, were interviewed in a test-retest format by one of three pairs of interviewers. Assessment of symptoms and composite scales of the depressive syndrome were determined to have acceptable reliability, as were three depressive diagnoses. Conduct disorder was assessed with high reliability. Four anxiety disorders and their composite symptoms were assessed with unacceptable reliability; only separation anxiety was assessed with acceptable reliability. The results of this study showed generally lower reliability of symptoms, scales, and diagnoses than did two studies of adults using the SADS.

Adolescent↗