Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Dictionary”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Psycholinguistic study of a special vocabulary used by alcoholics].

Twenty-five patients suffering from stage II alcoholism and 20 normal persons were subjected to a psycholinguistic study. The examined were asked to put down words associated with a booze situation. Out of 608 associated words thus derived, only 63 words (10%) turned out to be used by patients and normal persons whereas only 23% of the patients' words were entries of the dictionary of the Russian language. It is concluded that the alcoholic vocabulary of patients may be regarded as a specialized language with a specific contents. It is dominated by the so-called operational words associated with the process of purchasing alcoholic drinks, with the site and amount of booze as well as by the words synonymous to the word to 'knock back'. The alcoholic vocabulary of normal persons was dominated by the words relating to the drinking and companionable themes. The psycholinguistic experiment makes it possible to differentiate between patients and normal persons not only at the group but also at the individual level.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Diabetes expert systems: planning for long term use.

Expert systems may play an important role in the future in assisting diabetics to control their disease. However the data available suggest that expert systems are difficult to build and more difficult to maintain over a long period. An examination of the problems in maintaining one expert system, GARVAN-ES1, suggests that the problems arise because experts never report on how they reach a decision, rather they justify why the decision is correct. These justifications vary markedly with the context in which they are required, but in context they are accurate and adequate; the difficulties arise in taking them out of context. It is suggested that expert system building techniques must be able to capture knowledge in context and tools must be available to flexibly change the context in which an expert system knowledge base is examined. Two implementations of such strategies, "ripple down rules" and a "knowledge dictionary", are outlined.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1988

[Computerized analysis of the verbal behavior of patients and therapists in the 1st diagnostic interview].

From 282 psychoanalysis-oriented First Interview existing in the Computarized Text-Bank of the University of Ulm, Germany, a 68-sample was selected in order to assess and evaluate the following points: (a) Describing the talking behavior of both patients and therapists, according to specific variables; (b) Constructing a sample for the future development of a "Computarized First-Interview Archive", and (c) Testing some hypotheses connected to the verbal style of psychosomatic patients, compared with psychoneurotic patients; female patients compared with male patients; and older patients compared with younger patients. Using computarized dictionaries and the Electronic-Verbal-Analysis System (EVA) already stored and programmed at Ulm, formal, grammatical, and content analysis were performed. As a result, the determinant influence of diagnosis, and the heavy influence of age and sex on verbal style were shown. As regards the text measurements discriminating capacity, it was found out that grammatical analysis, with its high reliability, and validity, proved to be the best discriminative tool.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A psychosocial comparison of computer-mediated and face-to-face language use among severely disturbed adolescents.

This study analyzes the content of communications among 18 severely disturbed adolescents. Interactions were recorded from two sources: computer-based "conferences" for the group, and small group face-to-face sessions which addressed similar topics. The purpose was to determine whether there are important differences in indications of psychological state, interpersonal interest, and expressive style. The research was significant, given the strong attraction of computers to many adolescents and the paucity of research on social-psychological effects of this technology. A content analysis based on a total sample of 10,224 words was performed using the Harvard IV Psychosociological Dictionary. Results indicated that computer-mediated communication was more expressive of feelings and made more frequent mention of interpersonal issues. Further, it displayed a more positive object-relations stance, was less negative in expressive style, and appeared to diminish certain traditional gender differences in group communication. These findings suggest that the computer may have an interesting adjunct role to play in reducing communication deficits commonly observed in severely disturbed adolescent clinical populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Design of clinical database management systems and associated software to facilitate medical statistical research.

Clinical databases are growing rapidly. The clinical database is heavily used for medical research in many settings. This paper discusses design features for medical databases that facilitate their use for research. The database management system should allow complex data structures, have a syntax-facilitating collection of longitudinal data, interface with major statistical software packages, allow an extensive data dictionary, conveniently merge files, facilitate archival documentation, have an associated data entry system that allows complex logical checking, and have coordinated mainframe and microcomputer software.

Biometry↗
PubMed1985

[Venomous spiders and their venoms].

The history of araneidism is long and confusing. The superstition seems to be inexterminatable that tropical mygalomorphs and mediterranean tarantulas are dangerous for humans. It can be looked up even in the most recent edition of the widespread clinical dictionary of Pschyrembel. In contrast to this certain ctenids, the most dangerous spiders up to now known, are mentioned not at all in medical publications. Exaggerated spider-fear is out of place because about 0.1% of all species are dangerous for man only and many of the venomous species live as hidden as they scarcely come in contact with humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Three-way division combined with conversion to Medical Subject Headings(MeSH) in a medium-sized medical library.

Conversion to MeSH and other reasons are enumerated for the division of an undivided dictionary card catalog into a three-way divided catalog, consisting of Proper Names, Titles, and Topical Subjects sections. Methodology of division is described. Conversion from Library of Congress Subject Headings to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) as an authority list stimulated such concurrent changes as (1) the introduction of a guide card system that eliminates typing of subject headings on catalog cards and (2) the adoption of a filing system that employs reverse chronological order for all types of sequential material in the Proper Names and Titles sections and for all material in the Topical Subjects section. The ancillary decisions, procedures, and methods necessitated by these major conversions are also described.

Catalogs, Library↗
PubMed1974

Educating Hungarian medical librarians in special literature.

In Hungary the completion of a thirty-month course is required of those who wish to qualify as medium-level librarians. Medical librarians are given a special course which differs from the general course in that it covers the subjects of medical terminology and information in special literature. The latter subject is accorded the highest number of teaching hours, since the subject matter is vast and since, in addition to theory, much time must be spent on exercises and the presentation of reference books. The students become familiar with the main Hungarian and foreign information systems in the medical and related fields and with special bibliographies, encyclopedias, handbooks, and dictionaries. We take special care to familiarize students with the abstracting journals and indices. For several semesters they have homework and lesson exercises in the use of the Hungarian Medical Bibliography and Index Medicus.

Education, Graduate↗
PubMed1979

Pathological intoxication--is there such an entity?

Pathological intoxication appears as a diagnostic term in DSM-II and DSM-III, is defined in a psychiatric dictionary and is described in several textbooks. Still, is there really such an entity? Is the small amount of alcohol inbibed incidental rather than causal? It should be borne in mind that alcohol is the popular explain-all of our culture and as such is used as an excuse for everything from sexual indiscretions to well-planned "impulsive" acts. It is likely--and evidence is presented for this conclusion--that so-called cases of pathological intoxication are really dissociative reactions. The existence of pathological intoxication as an entity must remain in doubt unless the disorder can be reproduced under controlled conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1966

American medical literary firsts, 1700--1820, in the Countway Library.

A combination of two major collections, those of the Harvard Medical and the Boston Medical Libraries, took place at a formal dedication of the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine in May of 1965. As a result of this unification the historian may now consult many significant primary source materials in one research collection in Boston. Many of these works are early imprints of medical Americana. This paper discusses twenty-four imprints, from 1700 to 1820, which were firsts of their kind in American medical literature. Presented are the first American medical publication, book, pharmacopeia, mortality statistics, anatomical illustrations, transactions of a medical society, medical journal, textbook of obstetrics, medical dictionary, textbook of medicine, and official pharmacopeia. Also discussed are the first works in this country on smallpox inoculation, scarlet fever, pleurisy, public health, medical education, medical ethics, the history of medicine, surgery, epidemiology, smallpox vaccination, dentistry, meningitis, and psychiatry. An exhibit of these items in the Countway Library is planned for the spring and summer of 1966.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMed1983

The therapeutic nature of art in self reparation.

While psychoanalysts have extensively explored the interplay between art and artist, few have examined the functions of art for the patient-participant observer or patient-producer. Art references made by patients during therapy can be reparative to the damaged self. Klein's concept of reparation to the object is expanded upon in order to understand the ways in which the patient makes reparation to his self. This paper focuses on two specific reparative functions (Oxford Dictionary, 1926) that the art source brings to bear on the patient's self: (1) "the restoration or renewal of a thing or part." As the patient reparatively integrates repressed impulses and/or the grandiose self, he comes to experience himself in a renewed way as a whole object who is better able to regulate his self-esteem. (2) "the restoration of a person." Once the patient develops the capacity to maintain a more-or-less stable self and object representation, he may then be ready to reparatively adapt to higher order transformations of self involved in creativity. This paper attempts to demonstrate that the analyst, sensitized to the reparative possibilities inherent in art sources, can therapeutically utilize this material both to facilitate the removal of resistances and to help the patient developmentally attain and maintain a well-regulated, adaptive self.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

'Patientspeak': an exercise in communication.

Effective patient care requires effective communication with patients. The creation of a "Patientspeak" dictionary is offered as a constructive exercise for facilitating communication between health care professionals and their patients.

Communication↗
PubMed1981

[Integration of the mentally handicapped (author's transl)].

The integration of handicapped persons into the family and society has almost become a slogan. The expression is often used very uncritically, but the necessity for such efforts remains undisputed. Examples are given to show what approaches are possible and also what forms of integrational endeavors are unreasonable for the mentally handicapped and which are in no way always to be considered as suitable for the handicapped person. Under this catchword the full time establishments (institutions, psychiatric clinics with oligophrenic departments and homes) for the mentally handicapped are also considered, but equally critically. A discussion on the widely used nomenclature in the language of psychiatry, in textbooks or dictionaries which are not all encouraging for integration or even particularly human, is informative.

Education of Persons with Intellectual Disabilitie↗
PubMed1982

[Computers in a center for cardiac stimulation].

The authors describe a computer system with details of the hard ware and filing organisation. The sophistication and originality of the programme makes it a multipurpose tool base on a condensed dictionary. Its uses may be summarised under three headings: --The upkeep of medical case notes, a very successful application, resulting in improved safety in the long term follow-up of pacemaker patients. Statistical analysis of multiple parameters in larger series of patients is possible, a task which could not be carried out without a computer. --The system has the advantage of providing secretarial help in the booking of follow-up appointments, automatic print-out of follow-up reports and letters to the referring physician. This leads to better efficiency in correspondence. --The third advantage is the stocking and treatment of numeric data on a wide range of materials, leading to the creation of its own data bank. The programme as described has been adopted for cardiology and, in particular, cardiac pacing. It could, however, be applied in all fields of medicine, especially those using other materials (valvular prostheses, orthopedic appliances, etc).

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Surgical pathology reports with a portable microcomputer.

A microcomputer reporting system for gross and microscopic surgical pathology is simple and inexpensive, reduces the need for clerical personnel, and saves the pathologist's time in the preparation of reports. Gross descriptions are performatted. A dictionary of microscopic diagnoses is constructed and stored on disks. The diagnosis to be used for a case is selected by a pathologist by number. It is called to a video screen from disk storage by entering the number on the microcomputer keyboard. The diagnosis is edited or expanded for an individual patient while it is on the screen and is printed after changes are made. Each diagnosis contains preentered classification, coding, and filing information, as well as format, medical terminology, and spelling. The system has rapid retrieval and search capability and may be used for patients awaiting frozen-section diagnosis. The system requires fewer clerical personnel in surgical pathology than with free-form reporting.

Computers↗
PubMed1982

Curiosa Paediatrica VI: Dacryohaemorrhoea.

Although dacryohaemorrhoea appears in Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary the word has not been found in the medical literature, but several cases of 'bloody tears' of diverse and unknown aetiology have appeared in ophthalmological journals. Prominent textbooks on ophthalmology, however, do not mention the condition. An instance of the phenomenon occurring in a Black (Xhosa) female infant is reported.

Female↗
PubMed1980

[Information retrieval system of the pathoanatomical department].

An information search system (ISS) of pathological archive was developed and introduced into practice in the Department of Pathomorphology of the N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency. A bank of data for 1977-1979 consisting of 8400 perforated cards corresponding to 4200 autopsies has been accumulated. A computer-oriented card has been developed for recording of preadmission, clinical, and anatomical diagnosis. Treatment of the materials in a ES-1020-1022 computer permitted to reduce the labour consumption in the analysis of clinico-anatomic diagnoses, to improve the quality of documentation, and to create the bank of data based on the archives of the Pathomorphology Department. To increase the volume and value of the input information dictionaries-codifiers of various operative interventions, kinds of anesthesia, histological types of neoplasias, etc. have been created in addition to the "International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Traumas, and Causes of Death". The results obtained with the employment of the "Archive" ISS open broad prospects for creation of an automatized system of pathological archives.

Emergency Service, Hospital↗
PubMed1981

Curiosa paediatrica IV: Tortipenis congenitus.

Medical dictionaries have not yet admitted this most rare congenital anatomical deviation, for which the term torsion of the penis has been used. Tortipenis, a neoterism, should be included after tortipelvis.

Child↗