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PubMed1991

Trends in long-stay hospitalization in Denmark: a descriptive register study, 1972-1987.

By means of 4 cross-sections at 5-year intervals from 1972 to 1987, information on long-stay inpatients and daypatients was extracted from the computerized, cumulative psychiatric case register in Denmark. Long-stay refers to continuous hospitalization of more than 1 year. The prevalence of long-stay patients declined from 101 per 100,000 general population in 1972 to 38 per 100 000 in 1987. As the prevalence of all diagnoses declined, regardless of age and sex, it is suggested that the major cause of the observed trends is altered political and administrative strategies, influenced by and influencing altered capabilities and methods of treatment. The trends are described in detail and their implications discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The epidemiology of eating disorders in Fyn County, Denmark, 1977-1986.

The occurrence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia in Fyn County, Denmark is described. Incidence was estimated from national and local registers. The DSM-III-R criteria of one or both eating disorders were met by 104 patients. The incidence of anorexia nervosa for females 10 to 24 years of age was 11.0 per 100,000 per year. In the same population, the incidence of bulimia was 5.5 per 100,000 per year. Prevalence was estimated from questionnaires to and interviews with general practitioners. There were 193 cases; the prevalence of anorexia nervosa was estimated at 1:780 (patient years/total population years), and the prevalence of bulimia at 1:1480, in the high-risk population: females 15-19 years of age. Sixty percent of the anorexia nervosa patients, but only 30% of the bulimia patients, were admitted to hospital; this is an important difference in regard to estimation of occurrence from registers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Trends in psychiatric hospitalization in Denmark: a 10-year register-based investigation.

Information about all admissions to psychiatric hospitals and departments in Denmark in 1977, 1982 and 1987 and about all resident patients on census days in the same years were extracted from the central psychiatric register. The number of available beds decreased by 43% from 1977 to 1987. The admission rates decreased for all diagnostic groups but schizophrenia, which increased. The group of younger schizophrenic men declined in size, which is alarming if mentally ill homeless people are considered. The census study shows a decrease in all diagnostic groups, most pronounced in the elderly age groups. Patients with neuroses disappear from the available beds in the mental hospitals and departments. The changes in the psychiatric service system from mostly hospitalization to outpatient treatment and community psychiatric treatment require a comprehensive personal registration of treatment regardless of the administrative affiliations of these services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Incidence of anorexia nervosa in Denmark.

From 1970 to 1989, 915 people were admitted for the first time to psychiatric institutions in Denmark and had as their main diagnosis an eating disorder, ICD-8 306.50-59. The incidence of these admissions increased from 0.42/100,000 population in 1970 to a maximum of 1.36/100,000 in 1988. During the time of our investigation, the number of discharges of patients with an eating disorder as the main diagnosis was constant from somatic hospitals, whereas discharges from psychiatric institutions increased.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. Self-reported obsessive-compulsive behaviour in pupils in Denmark.

A total of 1032 pupils in Denmark aged 11-17 years completed a survey form of the Leyton Obsessional Inventory - child version, consisting of 20 items. These pupils had higher scores for obsessional symptoms or traits than high school students in the United States, also when corrected for age differences, but the most frequently reported symptoms seemed to be the same: repetitive thoughts or words, having trouble making up one's mind and worrying about being clean enough. There was no significant sex difference in total score. From 0.5% to 5% reported considerable interference by each obsessional symptom, and 4.1% had a total interference score > 25, reflecting possible subclinical or clinical obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Epidemiology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in Bornholm County, Denmark, 1970-1989.

In a retrospective study of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, potential cases were traced, studied, and diagnosed according to ICD-10. Forty-two cases were found in Bornholm County, comprising the island of Bornholm in Denmark, in a population of 47,000 from 1970 to 1989. Less than half of these cases (n = 16) were registered in Danish psychiatric case registers, and 35% (n = 14) could be found only by search in primary care. The incidence rates were stable during most of the study period, but a significant increase occurred during the last 5 years. The prevalence rates, determined by counting the number of cases in the population year by year, also increased during the late part of the study period. In 1989 the incidence rate of the high-risk group of females 10 to 24 years of age was 136 per 100,000 for anorexia nervosa and 45 per 100,000 for bulimia nervosa, and the prevalence rate was 222 per 100,000 for anorexia nervosa and 89 per 100,000 for bulimia nervosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Identification of Bartonella species in rodents, shrews and cats in Denmark: detection of two B. henselae variants, one in cats and the other in the long-tailed field mouse.

Small mammals and stray cats were trapped in two areas of North Zealand, Denmark, and their blood cultured for hemotrophic bacteria. Bacterial isolates were recovered in pure culture and subjected to 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Bartonella species were isolated from five mammalian species: B. grahamii from Microtus agrestis (field vole) and Apodemus flavicollis (yellow-necked field mouse); B. taylorii from M. agrestis, A. flavicollis and A. sylvaticus (long-tailed field mouse); B. tribocorum from A. flavicollis; B. vinsonii subsp. vinsonii from M. agrestis and A. sylvaticus; and B. birtlesii from Sorex vulgaris (common shrew). In addition, two variant types of B. henselae were identified: variant I was recovered from three specimens of A. sylvaticus, and B. henselae variant II from 11 cats; in each case this was the only B. henselae variant found. No Bartonella species was isolated from Clethrionomys glareolus (bank vole) or Micromys minutus (harvest mouse). These results suggest that B. henselae occurs in two animal reservoirs in this region, one of variant I in A. sylvaticus, which may be transmitted between mice by the tick Ixodes ricinus, and another of variant II in cats, which may be transmitted by the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of B. henselae and B. tribocorum in Apodemus mice.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

Peripheral neuroblastic tumours in eastern Denmark 1972-2002.

The peripheral neuroblastic tumour group includes neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma. Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumour of childhood. We have evaluated the histological presentation, MYCN gene status, and clinical course of peripheral neuroblastic tumours diagnosed and treated in eastern Denmark from 1972-2002. 125 patients were diagnosed with peripheral neuroblastic tumour during this 30-year period. The histological material was reviewed and classified into three categories in accordance with the Shimada system: unfavourable histology, favourable histology, and benign tumours. MYCN status was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on paraffin sections from the primary tumour. Clinical information was obtained from hospital records. Diagnostic likelihood ratios in the two groups were calculated to compare the ability of MYCN status and histological classification to predict 5-year outcome. 41 tumours showed unfavourable histology, 30 tumours showed favourable histology, 11 were benign, and 43 were unclassifiable due to limited amounts of primary tumour, bad preservation or inaccessibility of the primary tumour necessitating metastatic tumour biopsy for diagnosis. Unfavourable histology was associated with widespread disease (p<0.001). The overall 5-year survival rate was 45%, which correlates well with the European survival rate reported for this time period. The 5-year survival rate in the unfavourable group was 30% as compared to 100% in the favourable histology group (p<0.001). The survival rate in the unclassifiable group was 13%. 26% of the neuroblastomas were MYCN amplified. MYCN amplification was associated with undifferentiated histology, a histological subtype of the unfavourable histology group (p<0.001). For unfavourable histology the positive diagnostic likelihood ratio was 2.9 as compared to 4.7 for MYCN amplification. The study has confirmed the prognostic significance of the Shimada system in the peripheral neuroblastic tumour group in a retrospective material, and has also demonstrated the prognostic superiority of MYCN compared to histological classification, thus reducing the necessary amounts of tumour tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Oral mucosal lesions among institutionalized elderly in Denmark.

The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among institutionalized elderly. The study population comprised 486 elderly from eight nursing homes, and 199 elderly from five hospital long-term care facilities in the eastern part of Denmark. Approximately half of the subjects exhibited one or more pathologic conditions of the oral mucosa. Denture related traumatic ulcerations were found in 3.9% of the nursing home residents, compared to 8.3% among the elderly in hospital long-term care. The most prevalent finding was denture stomatitis, which was manifest in about one third of the elderly. The prevalence was strongly influenced by the denture hygiene; 54% of the elderly with poor denture hygiene suffered from denture stomatitis, as compared to only 7% of those with clean dentures. The prevalence of denture stomatitis was also related to the usage of dentures at night and to the age of the dentures. The prevalence decreased significantly with increasing age, although the oldest age group did not have better denture hygiene, or more favorable wearing habits. It did not appear that sex, type of residency, degree of urbanization, denture conditions, or the use of anticholinergic drugs influenced the prevalence of denture stomatitis. The prevalence and severity of the disease can probably be reduced if the denture hygiene is improved and if the elderly only use their dentures during the daytime.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Lauryl ether sulphate dermatitis in Denmark.

Lauryl ether sulphate (LES), a synthetic detergent, may sometimes contain an allergenic impurity, which has given rise to several outbreaks of contact dermatitis. Such an outbreak occurred in Denmark in 1971. All cases diagnosed were confined to one household, while other cases may have passed unnoticed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Denmark: report of three cases.

High grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was the presenting manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 3/81 reported cases of AIDS in Denmark (by April 2, 1986). Asymptomatic HIV infection, 1 and 5 yr prior to the onset of lymphoma, was documented in 2 cases. 1 patient became infected by Factor VIII treatment, 2 were male homosexuals. 2 patients had an uncommon tumour presentation in the oral cavity, 1 patient presented with an abdominal mass. The histologic subtypes were immunoblastic (2), and small noncleaved cell, Burkitt's (1). Helper/suppressor T-cell ratio was decreased at onset of lymphoma in 2 cases. All 3 patients have died, 4, 6, and 24 months after diagnosis of NHL. Only 1 patient died of NHL, 1 died of an unclassified pneumonia and the third developed progressing supranuclear HIV-associated polyneuropathy without evidence of CNS lymphoma. Thus, high grade malignant B-cell NHL is a regular initial manifestation of AIDS, and may develop after years of asymptomatic HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Trends in the incidence of multiple myeloma in Denmark 1943-1982: a study of 5500 patients.

The incidence of multiple myeloma in Denmark during the period 1943-82 was examined, based on the files of the Danish National Cancer Registry. A total of 5535 patients (3023 male and 2512 female) were registered. Over the period 1943-62 the incidence increased 2- to 3-fold for both men and women, but the increase in men was steeper and was seen several years before the increase in women in all 5-yr age groups from 50 to 75 yr of age. This pattern would be compatible with an impact of environmental factors. The increase, also percentagewise, rose with increasing age. Since 1963 the incidence has been virtually stable with a possibly decreasing trend during the latest 5- to 10-yr period.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Radiographic screening examination: frequency, equipment, and film in general dental practice in Denmark.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate types and frequencies of radiographic screening examinations, and radiographic equipment and film used in general dental practice in Denmark. A questionnaire was mailed to 400 randomly selected dental practitioners. A total of 258 questionnaires were returned, out of which 249 were analyzed. Two-thirds of the respondents performed radiographic screening examinations, of which bitewing-screening was the one most frequently used for first-visit and regular patients. The more recent their graduation year, the more apt were dentists to perform radiographic screening examinations. More than 40% of the dentists had radiographic units operating at a voltage capacity of 60-70 kV, and more than 50% had facilities for automatic or semiautomatic processing. Only one-quarter of the respondents used the Kodak Ektaspeed film (E-speed film). The results show that radiographic procedures and film used in general dental practice are not always in accordance with guidelines and recommendations.

Denmark↗
PubMed1985

Progressive muscular dystrophy in Denmark. Natural history, prevalence and incidence.

Prevalence of progressive muscular dystrophy in 1965 and incidence in Denmark for the period 1965 to 1975 was studied by collection of data from hospital departments, nursery homes and general practitioners. This material was supplemented with information from death certificates and disablement pension records. Total patient group included 445 patients with progressive muscular dystrophy alive January 1st 1965. Prevalence was 69.4 per 10(6) male inhabitants in the Duchenne type, whereas the prevalences in the limb-girdle and facioscapulohumeral types were 36.5 and 18.6 per 10(6) inhabitants, respectively. Incidence was 222 per 10(6) male newborns in the Duchenne type, 66 and 26 per 10(6) newborns for the limb-girdle and the facioscapulohumeral types, respectively. Figures for the Duchenne type are in agreement with previous results. Both prevalence and incidence rates for the limb-girdle and the facioscapulohumeral types exceed published figures by a factor 3 to 6. These high Danish rates seem to reflect the true prevalence and incidence in the less serious types of progressive muscular dystrophy, probably because the Danish health system with free medical care and easy access to specialized hospital departments makes it possible to identify all cases of progressive muscular dystrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Cystic fibrosis in Denmark 1945 to 1985. An analysis of incidence, mortality and influence of centralized treatment on survival.

The entire population of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in Denmark diagnosed in the period January 1, 1945, to June 30, 1985, comprised 514 persons of whom 62 were diagnosed at autopsy. Of the remaining 452 patients, 372 were probands and 80 were secondary cases. The effect of a centralized treatment on the prognosis was evaluated using a Cox's regression model. Furthermore an incidence analysis was performed using probands including autopsies. Centralized treatment had a significantly beneficial effect on the prognosis (p = 0.02), the death intensity (hazard rate) being decreased by a factor of 0.60. It was calculated that at present 1 out of 4,760 newborn Danes may be diagnosed as suffering from CF before the age of 15 years, and 3% of the Danish population are heterozygotes for CF.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b infections among children in Denmark in 1985 and 1986.

A retrospective epidemiological study of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infections among children in Denmark 1985 and 1986 was carried out and 226 cases were identified. Of these 93% occurred in patients younger than five, corresponding to an annual incidence of 40 cases per 100,000 children aged 0-4 years, 68% occurred in patients younger than two years of age, and 6% in patients younger than six months. The annual incidences of meningitis and epiglottis were 27 and 8 cases, respectively, per 100,000 children aged 0-4 years. Of the 156 cases with meningitis four patients died and seven had severe neurological sequelae. Only 67% of the cases of meningitis had been notified.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic analysis of cystic fibrosis in Denmark. Implications for genetic counselling, carrier diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis.

Cystic fibrosis is the most common, severe, inherited disease in the Caucasian population. As a consequence, the demand for genetic counselling of patients with cystic fibrosis and their families is large. In Denmark the incidence of cystic fibrosis is 1:4700, which is quite low compared to other European countries. We have investigated 268 Danish cystic fibrosis patients with respect to DNA markers (haplotypes) and the most common mutation delta F508. The delta F508 mutation is found on 88% of all cystic fibrosis chromosomes, the highest frequency reported so far. This had had an important impact on genetic counselling, prenatal diagnosis and eventually population screening. In the Danish population 78% of all couples at risk will be informative for delta F508 and will be identifiable by simple screening methods.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1994

Iodine status in neonates in Denmark: regional variations and dependency on maternal iodine supplementation.

Iodine status of 147 neonates born in five different regions of Denmark was evaluated in relation to the iodine content of breast milk and iodine supplementation taken by the mother. Approximately two-thirds of the women had not received iodine supplementation. They had low iodine concentrations in breast milk and urinary iodine concentrations of the neonates at day 5 were low. The median values (milk/urine) were 33.6/31.7 micrograms/l (Randers 22/26, Ringkøbing 29/16, Aalborg 36/31. Arhus 54/41 and Copenhagen 55/59 micrograms/l). Higher values were found in the group where tablets containing iodine had been taken (milk/urine: 57.0/61.0 micrograms/l). In general, the values are low compared with internationally recommended levels. We suggest that mothers without autoimmune thyroid disease should receive iodine supplementation in the form of vitamin/mineral tablets containing iodine (150 micrograms per tablet).

Denmark↗