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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Digestive system membranes: freeze-fracture evidence for differentiation and flow in Paramecium.

Freeze-fractured membranes of digestive vacuoles of randomly feeding Paramecium caudatum exhibit dramatic differences in intramembrane particle (IMP) number and distribution on both E- and P-fracture faces. By pulse-feeding latex spheres to cells we have demonstrated that these differences are related to the age of the digestive vacuoles, and that the membranes of such vacuoles undergo a specific sequence of changes during the digestive cycle. Young digestive vacuoles (DV-I; less than or equal to 6 min), nascent vacuoles still connected to the cytopharynx, and discoidal vesicles, from which vacuole membrane is derived, all have a highly particulate E face and a less particulate P face. As early as 3 min after feeding, a second category of digestive vacuoles (DV-II) can be recognized, which are both considerably smaller in diameter and lack particles on their E face. These findings suggest that the endocytic removal of DV-I membrane material associated with the formation of DV-II vacuoles involves a concomitant and selective removal of E-face particles, as essentially no changes are seen in the density of P-face particles on the two types of vacuoles. Beginning at 10 min the first DV-III vacuoles are encountered. These are both larger than the DV-II vacuoles and possess very prominent E-face particles, which resemble those on the E face of the numerous lysosomes bordering the digestive vacuoles. DV-III vacuoles also exhibit a substantial increase in P-face particles. These membrane changes closely parallel, and are probably correlated with, the physiological events occurring within the vacuole lumen: concentration of food, killing of prey, and digestion. Calculations of the amount of membrane removed from DV-I to form DV-II and of the increase in membrane surface area during the transition from DV-II to DV-III indicate that as much as 90% of the initial phagosome (DV-I) membrane can be removed before digestion begins. The enlargment of DV-II must be caused by fusion with adjacent lysosomes which also contribute the new populations of IMPs to the DV-III membrane. The appearance of numerous endocytic structures on older DV-III vacuoles suggests that membrane is retrieved from DV-III before defecation.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Secretin. New views on the oldest digestive system hormone].

For many years secretin, discovered in 1902, has been known as a hormone taking part in the digestion process. In the 70-ties the effects of secretin in other organs than gastrointestinal tract were observed. This fact and identification of a new hormone of gastrointestinal tract, VIP, that resembles the structure and function of secretin have initiated the new era of research work. The sites binding this hormone were found in different organs and the role of stimulation of secretin receptors coupled with G protein were studied. Recently a new classification of the hormones of gastrointestinal tract has differentiated peptides of the secretin family.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1994

[Diagnosis and treatment of infections of the digestive system in HIV-infected patients].

Patients with HIV infection often suffer from opportunistic and bacterial infections of the digestive tract. The most common agents are Candida albicans, Herpes simplex and Cytomegalovirus, Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, Cryptosporidium parvum, and enteropathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter. The diagnosis is established by means of microbiological examination of blood and faeces, often supplemented by gastrointestinal endoscopy, with mucosal biopsies for culture and histology. Most patients respond well to specific treatment, but the infections tend to relapse after withdrawal of drugs.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

[Impact of celioscopic surgery in general and digestive system surgery].

A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the impact of laparoscopic surgery on activity in general and digestive surgery. From May 1990 to December 1994, 2256 laparoscopic procedures were performed for cholecystectomy (36%), appendicectomy (20.4%) or inguinal hernia (19.8%). 23.2% of all procedures performed in 1994 were done laparoscopically. The use of laparoscopy did not, in our experience, added any new indications from 1988 to 1994. The conversion rate was 8.15%. 24% of the conversion cases could not be predicted. Mortality was 0.18% and 1.19% of the patients had to undergo a second operation due to complications of laparsocopic surgery. The impact of laparoscopic procedures, 7 years after the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been great. The results of this surgical technique must be evaluated to determine its medical and economic impact.

Appendectomy↗
PubMed1993

[Surgery of digestive system cancers in patients over 80 years of age].

231 patients over 80 years old were operated at the Clinique de chirurgie digestive of Geneva University Hospital between 1981 and 1990 for a malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. The following parameters were studied: intra- and postoperative morbidity and mortality, duration and quality of survival. Surgery proved valid in this age group given its low mortality (15%). Postoperative morbidity (44%) did not prolong hospital stay, since 90% of all patients were discharged within one month of surgery. Following surgery, quality of life was excellent: 75% of patients returned home, and 80% were better off than pre-operatively. Such operations provide better results in term of mortality and survival when performed on an elective basis and curatively.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Training of surgeons in laparoscopic surgery of the digestive system. Experience in 1,818 interventions without accidents and mortality].

UNLABELLED: Since the beginning or laparoscopic surgery on University of Sao Paulo Medical School Clinics Hospital, the Digestive Surgery Division established an educational program for surgeons of the alimentary tract. PURPOSE: The course structure includes the information on medical school, extension in laparoscopic surgery league, and surgical formation during the residence, mainly in the fourth year, with a three months period in the Laparoscopic Surgery Unit. METHOD: This model of surgical formation is certainly responsible for the excellent results obtained. RESULTS: An example is the performing of 1818 cholecystectomies in the Laparoscopic Surgery Unit from 1990 till 1998, with 0.9% convertion, and no mortality. The absence of operative accidents or complications give support to the orientation assumed in our Division. CONCLUSION: In a university hospital there is the necessity of professional formation in a well structured program, with humanistic and technical education, in a large period of rotation, but with a solid information and practical structure.

Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Consumption of drugs for the digestive system and for the metabolism by the Spanish population: study from the Health National Survey in 1987 and 1993].

In the present study the consumption of drugs used for the digestive tract and metabolism in the Spanish population according to the information from the National Health Surveys of 1987 and 1933 is featured. Samples representative of the Spanish population over the age of 16 years were designed. In 1987 and 1993, 27,786 and 21,084 people were surveyed, respectively. The consumption of drugs in the 2 weeks prior to the survey was analyzed. The consumption of these drugs did not vary from 1987 to 1993: including medicines for digestive alterations, 3.5 and 3.3%, respectively; laxatives, 1.2 and 1.4%; slimming drugs, 0.3% in both years; reconstituents, 2.8 and 2.9%. Different consumption schedules were observed in relation to age and sex in each group of drugs. The intake of these groups of drugs without medical prescription was highest in the case of slimming drugs (51.4%) and laxatives (50%). These results demonstrate how frequent the consumption of drugs for the digestive tract and metabolism is in the Spanish population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Quantification of Gordona amarae strains in foaming activated sludge and anaerobic digester systems with oligonucleotide hybridization probes.

Previous studies have shown the predominance of mycolic acid-containing filamentous actinomycetes (mycolata) in foam layers in activated sludge systems. Gordona (formerly Nocardia) amarae often is considered the major representative of this group in activated sludge foam. In this study, small-subunit rRNA genes of four G. amarae strains were sequenced, and the resulting sequences were compared to the sequence of G. amarae type strain SE-6. Comparative sequence analysis showed that the five strains used represent two lines of evolutionary descent; group 1 consists of strains NM23 and ASAC1, and group 2 contains strains SE-6, SE-102, and ASF3. The following three oligonucleotide probes were designed: a species-specific probe for G. amarae, a probe specific for group 1, and a probe targeting group 2. The probes were characterized by dissociation temperature and specificity studies, and the species-specific probe was evaluated for use in fluorescent in situ hybridizations. By using the group-specific probes, it was possible to place additional G. amarae isolates in their respective groups. The probes were used along with previously designed probes in membrane hybridizations to determine the abundance of G. amarae, group 1, group 2, bacterial, mycolata, and Gordona rRNAs in samples obtained from foaming activated sludge systems in California, Illinois, and Wisconsin. The target groups were present in significantly greater concentrations in activated sludge foam than in mixed liquor and persisted in anaerobic digesters. Hybridization results indicated that the presence of certain G. amarae strains may be regional or treatment plant specific and that previously uncharacterized G. amarae strains may be present in some systems.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed2005

Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on the digestive system measured by simultaneous monitoring of gastric motility, gastric emptying activity and postprandial pancreaticobiliary secretion in dogs.

Relationships between the NO synthase inhibitor and gastric and pancreaticobiliary functions measured simultaneously in the digestive state have been little studied. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of NO synthase inhibitor on integrated digestive function in conscious dogs. A strain gauge force transducer was implanted on the gastric antrum of 6 mongrel dogs to measure gastric contractile activity and two duodenal cannulas were inserted into the proximal and distal sites to measure the gastric emptying rate and the pancreaticobiliary output into the duodenum using our novel method. Postprandial pancreatic and biliary secretion were presented as amylase and bile acid activity, respectively. Furthermore, a cervical cannula was placed into the superior vena cava as a route for the administration of NO synthase inhibitor, N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg-h. In a group given L-NNA, gastric contractile activity after ingestion was significantly enhanced, but the emptying rates of gastric solids and liquids were significantly suppressed in comparison with the control. The mean 0-1 h amylase integrated output was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in comparison with the control, and the mean bile acid integration of 0-1 h output was also significantly (P < 0.01) decreased. A possible explanation for this observation is that smaller volumes of nutrient are delivered into the duodenum; however, it could also be that postprandial pancreaticobiliary secretion is inhibited by an alteration of blood flow or by a change in contractions of the sphincter of Oddi after the administration of L-NNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Is prevention of upper digestive system hemorrhage in intensive care necessary?].

Mucosal lesions are observed in 40 to 100% of critically ill patients. They are mainly due to gastric acid hypersecretion, biliary reflux, a decrease in mucosal defences, and digestive mucosal ischaemia. Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in intensive care unit (ICU) patients may occur, and if severe is associated with increased mortality and hospitalization costs. However, progress in the ICU management of patients, and especially in nutritional support, probably explains the low incidence of stress-induced gastrointestinal bleeding. Preventive strategies are indicated in high risk patients, i.e. when the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding is above 1%. Risk factors are not well defined presently, and probably include defective haemostasis and/or respiratory failure requiring prolonged ventilation assistance. Gastric hypersecretion can be well controlled with anti-H2 agents and sucralfate; these treatments improve the rate of complications but do not reduce overmortality related to gastrointestinal bleeding. Other drugs such as omeprazole are under investigation but due to insufficient clinical data and excessive cost, omeprazole cannot be recommended for this use. In addition, enteral nutritional support per se may efficiently prevent stress ulcers. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori has never been evaluated in this context. The selection of drugs today depends not only on efficacy and on costs, but also on possible adverse effects such as the putative risk of nosocomial pneumonia due to gastric bacterial overgrowth. Finally, only careful medico-economic evaluations of stress ulcer prophylaxis in ICUs will permit the implementation of valuable practice guidelines.

Acute Disease↗