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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

A systematic review of contact dermatitis treatment and prevention.

BACKGROUND: Contact dermatitis (CD) is a common occupational disease. There have been no systematic reviews of CD treatment or prevention. METHODS: Multiple databases were systematically searched. Using independent double review and published quality review criteria, articles were rated as good, fair, or poor. Treatment benefit data were tabulated and conclusions were based on the rated strength of published evidence. RESULTS: In all, 49 studies met inclusion criteria. Barrier creams containing dimethicone or perfluoropolyethers, cotton liners, and softened fabrics prevent irritant CD. Lipid-rich moisturizers both prevent and treat irritant CD. Topical skin protectant and quaternium 18 bentonite (organoclay) prevent rhus dermatitis. Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (chelator) cream prevents nickel, chrome, and copper dermatitis. Potent or moderately potent steroids effectively treat allergic CD. There were no macrolide immunomodulator trials that met inclusion criteria. This review did not include studies of children, animals, or non-English language publications. CONCLUSIONS: A limited number of interventions effectively prevent or treat irritant and allergic CD, but well-controlled, outcome-blinded studies, particularly in the area of allergic CD prevention are needed.

Dermatitis, Occupational↗
PubMed2001

Occupational contact dermatitis. Recognition and management.

Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) represents 90 to 95% of all occupational dermatoses. The incidence rate of OCD is estimated to be around 0.5 to 1.9 cases per full-time worker per year. However, epidemiologic data are lacking and incidence is probably underestimated, especially in the US. Over the past 20 years, OCD has been the most frequently reported occupational disorder to German social insurance institutions. Critical factors in the management of OCD are recognition of clinical features, knowledge of allergens and irritants present in different occupational fields, knowledge of suitable protection, interpretation of patch test results, and awareness of medicolegal aspects. Management of OCD should be carried out by dermatologists and patch test clinics in cooperation with physicians specialized in industrial medicine. Individuals at high risk of OCD are hairdressers, dental laboratory technicians, other healthcare workers, construction industry workers, metal workers, leather and shoe manufacturers, florists and gardeners, and bakers, caterers, confectioners and cooks.

Dermatitis, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Allergic contact dermatitis caused by Asteraceae. Identification of an 8,9-epoxythymol-diester as the contact allergen of Arnica sachalinensis].

A pharmacist developed an allergic contact dermatitis while working with Arnica sachalinensis. Patch testing with sesquiterpene lactones was negative. The contact allergen of A. sachalinensis was identified as 10-acetoxy-8,9-epoxy-thymol-isobutyrate. This compound, or structurally related 8,9-epoxythymol-diesters, are often found in Asteraceae. In addition to sesquiterpene lactones, epoxythymol-diesters should be considered as contact allergens. Cross reactions between the two groups of compounds are not expected and could not be demonstrated in our patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Allergic contact dermatitis due to phenylephrine hydrochloride, with an unusual patch test reaction.

2-day (2-D) closed patch tests are often used in daily clinical practice and useful for evaluating the cause of allergic contact dermatitis. However, even when 2-D closed patch tests at appropriate concentrations are performed for suspected allergic contact dermatitis based on clinical findings, positive reactions are not always obtained. Therefore, although the use of the allergen again induces similar symptoms, a definite diagnosis cannot be made in some cases. We report a case of allergic contact dermatitis due to phenylephrine hydrochloride in eyedrops, with an unusual patch test reaction. Although the results of the routine 2-D closed patch test were negative, a definite diagnosis could be made by closed scratch-patch test. In addition, long-lasting allergic patch test reactions were observed at the positive scratch-patch test site for about 3 months. We speculated that these unusual results on patch testing in our case were associated with the degree of percutaneous absorption of causative agents. Therefore, even when 2-D closed patch tests are negative, scratch-patch tests may be indicated for patients in whom clinical symptoms continue strongly to suggest contact dermatitis.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Expression of CS-1 fibronectin precedes monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production during elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: Leucocyte migration within inflammatory skin compartments in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is the result of a sophisticated multi-step event where multiple molecules are involved. OBJECTIVE: Since non-antigen-specific mechanisms have been described as an early participant in elicitation of ACD, we investigated the kinetics of the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and the type of infiltrating cells. We compared the time course production of MCP-1/CCL2 with connecting segment-1 (CS-1) fibronectin and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/ CCL17) expression. METHODS: Biopsies from 10 individuals challenged in their back with the antigen responsible for their contact dermatitis and an irrelevant antigen were taken at different times and histology, immunohistochemistry for CS-1 fibronectin, TARC/CCL17, CD3, CD68, CXCR3, CCR4 and in situ hybridization for MCP-1/CCL2 were performed. RESULTS: At positive antigen stimulated sites expression of MCP-1/CCL2 by basal keratinocytes and isolated cells in dermis started at 10 h. CS-1 fibronectin and TARC/CCL17 expression by blood endothelial cells was found at 2 and 10 h, respectively. This was followed by dermal accumulation of mononuclear cells with a significant increase of CD3+ and CD68+cells. At 48 h, approximately 58% of infiltrating cells were CXCR3+, and 35% CCR4+. CONCLUSIONS: We showed evidence of the fact that CS-1 fibronectin expression precedes the production of MCP-1/CCL2 and TARC/CCL17 in the skin of patients with ACD, suggesting that these molecules participate in the early complex process of migrating mononuclear cells during elicitation of ACD.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Efficacy of corticosteroids in acute experimental irritant contact dermatitis?

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Topical corticoids are used to treat irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) in humans. However, their clinical efficacy remains sub judice. This study was designed to assess the efficacy of low- and medium-potency corticosteroids on irritant dermatitis. METHODS: We induced an acute ICD via open application of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) on the hands of subjects. The dorsal side of hands was irritated with 10% SLS five times in one day. Once on day 1 and twice daily on days 2-5, 1% hydrocortisone, 0.1% betamethasone-17-valerate and vehicle cream (petrolatum) were applied subsequently. Visual grading, bioengineering techniques and squamometry were used to quantify skin response. RESULTS: Corticosteroids were found ineffective in treating the surfactant-induced irritant dermatitis when compared with the vehicle and with the untreated control. CONCLUSION: The counterintuitive result (in a relatively realistic and robust model) should be interpreted with caution until verified with other irritants of varying physicochemical properties.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Contact dermatitis caused by ECG electrode paste.

A case of contact dermatitis caused by ECG electrode cream is presented and the pertinent literature is reviewed. Our patient was found to be allergic to propylene glycol. Patch-testing remains an invaluable tool in the evaluation of patients suspected of being allergic to ECG paste, creams, and gels.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1991

Allergic contact dermatitis from Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter.

9 cases of contact sensitivity to Dittrichia viscosa, mainly with an airborne pattern, are described. All patients reacted to the fresh leaf of the plant and to its ethereal extracts at 1 and 0.5% pet., and some of them also to that at 0.1% pet. Positive reactions to Frullania dilatata, Laurus nobilis, some other members of the Compositae, and helenin were observed, suggesting the diagnosis of a sesquiterpene-lactone-induced allergic contact dermatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Systemic contact dermatitis from pseudoephedrine.

A patient with rhinitis developed systemic contact dermatitis when starting oral treatment with Rhinalair, containing pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. A few months later, another oral treatment Rinutan, containing norephedrine hydrochloride, provoked a more severe generalized eczema. Patch test reactions were strongly positive to ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, slightly positive to phenylephrine and negative to epinephrine. Norephedrine was not tested.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Local murine recombinant gamma interferon enhances the acquisition of allergic contact dermatitis in the mouse.

Using the model of allergic contact dermatitis in mice, we have demonstrated that local administration of recombinant (r) murine gamma interferon (gamma-rIFN) to the sensitization site substantially enhances the acquisition of delayed-type hypersensitivity. Single doses of gamma-rIFN from 500 to 2,000 U immunopotentiate successfully, with a suggestion of a better response at the higher doses. The immunoadjuvant effect is lost when the injections of gamma-rIFN are at a site distant from the sensitization site. Kinetic studies imply that gamma-rIFN is most effective when given at the time of sensitization, but significant immunopotentiation can be seen when gamma-rIFN is given several days before or after sensitization.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1976

Degranulation of basophilic leukocytes in allergic contact dermatitis reactions in man.

Basophilic leukocytes participating in allergic contact dermatitis in man underwent progressive degranulation over the course of several days after skin test. Less than 10% of basophils were degranulated in 24-hr reactions, but more than 60% were degranulated by 72hr. In electron microscopic individual basophil granules developed looser packing of particles by finely granular material, and eventual loss of all visible granule contents, changes that were progressive between 2- and 3-day reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Clinical aspects of contact dermatitis.

The role of the primary care physician is to identify the agent that causes the contact dermatitis and to aid the patient in avoiding further contact with it or other similar materials. The physician's credo should be "suspect everything." To fulfill these goals, a physician must obtain an informed inventory of contactants in a patient's environment and develop an ability to recognize clinical morphology and distribution patterns common to contact dermatitis.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1977

Vegetables responsible for contact dermatitis of the hands.

Fifty-three patients having contact dermatitis on the fingertips showed positive patch tests with several vegetables the commonest being garlic, onion, tomato, and carrot in that order of frequency. Of several preparations, made from garlic onion, tomato, and carrot, the juices used as such gave the maximum number of positive patch test reactions. Lyophilization of the juices led to false-negative patch tests in some cases. Patch tests in the controls were positive in some cases but these were probably cases of latent hypersensitivity, because some of them, like the patients, showed positive reactions even with the diluted juices. The antigens in garlic and onion were extractable in water, ether, acetone, or alcohol and were also present in the essential oils of these vegetables. Infrared spectra of the essential oils of garlic and onion were similar and showed straight chain acids, esters, and methylene groups. Clinically, there was no suggestion of cross-sensitivity between onion and garlic.

Antigens↗
PubMed1989

Allergic contact dermatitis resulting from sensitivity to citrus peel, geraniol, and citral.

A bartender with hand dermatitis had allergic contact sensitivity to the skin of lemon, lime, and orange but not to their juices. Although most reported cases of citrus peel allergy are due to d-limonene, for our patient, reactions to patch tests for geraniol and citral, two minor components of citrus peel oil, were positive, whereas those for d-limonene were negative. Contact allergy to citrus peel oil should be considered in patients with hand dermatitis who are occupationally exposed to citrus fruits.

Acyclic Monoterpenes↗
PubMed2003

Allergic contact dermatitis from topical doxepin: Food and Drug Administration's postmarketing surveillance experience.

A total of 26 postmarketing cases of allergic contact dermatitis to doxepin 5% cream were reported to the Food and Drug Administration. Our findings suggest that allergic contact dermatitis was more common when treatment duration exceeded the recommended 8 days. Allergic contact dermatitis to doxepin cream should be considered in patients whose condition fails to improve or worsens with doxepin use.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

The effect of topical cyclosporin A on the elicitation phase of allergic contact dermatitis.

The effect of cyclosporin A (CSA) on the elicitation phase of allergic contact dermatitis was investigated. Initially, the ability of CSA to penetrate normal human cadaver skin was determined using 3 different vehicles. 10% CSA in Labrafil was found to be the most effective combination at achieving skin penetration (0.33%). Patients with known contact sensitivities to a variety of allergens were selected. After a 48-h pretreatment with 10% CSA in Labrafil, skin sites were exposed to the appropriate contact allergen. 72 h later, the development of an eczematous patch test reaction was evaluated. Only 1 of 10 patients showed unequivocal signs of suppression of allergic contact dermatitis.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1999

Occupational contact dermatitis due to 2-chloracetophenone tear gas.

2-Chloracetophenone (CN) is widely used as tear gas by police and civilians for self-defence. It may affect the eyes, respiratory system and skin, sometimes causing serious injuries. Both irritative and allergic contact dermatitis have been described. We report three police officers who experienced accidental escape of CN from their professional tear gas canisters. All of them showed localized dermatitis at the site of contact to CN, while widespread lesions appeared after 4 days in one case. Patch tests with the original involved tear gas dissolved in acetone (at 0.1-0.0001%) indicated an allergic reaction in two patients and an irritative reaction in the third. Occupational contact dermatitis due to CN seems to occur among police officers more often than is generally known. Infrequently, extensive health problems may be caused by CN when lesions spread over the integument. Therefore, an improvement of safety measures in occupational CN gas use is needed, especially aiming at avoidance of accidental leakage of canisters.

Adult↗