Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Constriction”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Modification of enzyme activities concerned with collagen metabolism in the heart of spontaneously hypertensive and aortic-constricted rats.

The activities of three enzymes concerned with collagen metabolism 4-prolyl hydroxylase, UDP-glucose: collagen glucosyltransferase and glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylysine glucohydrolase and 4-hydroxyproline content have been studied in the cardiac ventricles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) during prehypertensive, hypertensive and sustained hypertensive stages (respectively 4.5, 12 and 19 weeks of age). They were compared with values observed in age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). The same studies have been performed in parallel on aortic-constricted rats (ACR) 8 days after suprarenal constriction of the abdominal aorta. The most striking finding was a significant increase in cardiac prolyl hydroxylase specific activity in the ACR but not in the SHR. No variation in 4-hydroxyproline concentration was found in the hearts of ACR. In contrast, a decrease in 4-hydroxyproline concentration was found in the hearts of SHR at 19 weeks. Cardiac glucosyltransferase specific activity was significantly elevated only in the SHR at 12 weeks. No variation in glucohydrolase specific activity was detected in the hearts of either SHR or ACR. The cardiac enzyme activities all decreased with age. These data show that the alterations in cardiac collagen metabolism are different in SHR and ACR. The patterns of the alterations found in the heart mirror those observed in the aorta in both models under the same experimental conditions.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Acute myocardial infarction with a hemodynamic pattern resembling constrictive pericarditis.

A 49-year-old woman experienced acute myocardial infarction with a hemodynamic pattern resembling constrictive pericarditis. To clarify its mechanism, we performed right atrial pacing and volume challenge test during the chronic state. Although these two interventions elevated diastolic pressures of the both ventricles, the dip and plateau pattern was not reproduced. Factors other than ischemia may be important in producing a hemodynamic pattern resembling constrictive pericarditis in acute myocardial infarction.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed2002

Constriction of the maxillary dental arch by mucoperiosteal denudation of the palate.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the influence of two factors in the constriction of the maxillary dental arch by mucoperiosteal denudation of the palate: (1) inhibition of lateral growth and (2) medial inclination of teeth. METHOD: Thirty-five male 20-day-old Wistar rats were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group had bilateral mucoperiosteum excised in the lateral one third of the palate. Methyl methacrylate resin-embedded frontal sections were prepared from both groups after alternate weekly injections of tetracycline and calcein in the dorsal subcutaneous area. The sections were observed and photographed under either a confocal laser scanning microscope, a fluorescence microscope, or both. Chronological changes in lateral palatal growth, maxillary dental arch width, and inclination of the upper first molars were examined up to 8 weeks after the operation. Paraffin-embedded frontal sections were also made and stained with Elastica van Gieson stain. RESULTS: The scar tissue formed on the rat palate by the mucoperiosteal denudation was tightly connected to the palatal bone and teeth. The intervals between the labeling lines of the experimental group were less definite during the first 2 weeks after the operation. Increments of palatal and maxillary dental arch widths were smaller in the experimental group than in the control group. The upper first molars in the control group gradually inclined laterally, whereas those in the experimental group inclined medially with age. CONCLUSION: Medial inclination of teeth is a stronger influence than inhibition of lateral growth on constriction of the rat maxillary dental arch.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

Constrictive pericarditis associated with right atrial and major venous thrombosis.

Right atrial thrombi are very rare. Existence of right atrial thrombus with constrictive pericarditis is even rarer. Only few cases have been reported in the English literature. Here, we report an unusual case of constrictive pericarditis complicated with right atrial and major venous thrombi. The patient underwent a successful pericardiectomy procedure. He had no thrombi during the follow-up period.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Constrictive pericarditis after surgical closure of atrial septal defect in a child.

Constrictive pericarditis following an open cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease is very rarely encountered in children. We report a case of constrictive pericarditis, diagnosed at 22 months after surgical closure of an atrial septal defect, in a 14-year-old boy who presented postpericardiotomy syndrome. Cardiac catheterization revealed uniformity of elevated diastolic pressures in all chambers, prominent x and y descents in the right atrial pressure tracing, and typical "dip and plateau" contour of ventricular end-diastolic pressures. Pericardiectomy improved the hemodynamic status of the patient. He remains symptom-free during the follow-up period of 12 months.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Clinical characteristics of constrictive pericarditis diagnosed by echo-Doppler technique in Korea.

A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 71 patients with constrictive pericarditis (CP) diagnosed by echo-Doppler technique (mean age, 49+/-17) was done. In 27 patients (38%), the etiology was unknown, and the three most frequent identifiable causes were tuberculosis (23/71, 32%), cardiac surgery (8/71, 11%), and mediastinal irradiation (6/71, 9%). Pericardiectomy was performed in 35 patients (49%) with a surgical mortality of 6% (2/35), and 11 patients (15%, 11/ 71) showed complete resolution of constrictive physiology with medical treatment. Patients with transient CP were characterized by absence of pericardial calcification, shorter symptom duration, and higher incidence of fever, weight loss, and tuberculosis. The 5-yr survival rates of patients with transient CP and those undergoing pericardiectomy were 100% and 85+/-6%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of patients without undergoing pericardiectomy (33+/-17%, p=0.0083). Mediastinal irradiation, higher functional class, low voltage in ECG, low serum albumin, and old age were the independent variables associated with a higher mortality. Tuberculosis is still the most important etiology of CP in Korea, and not infrequently, it may cause transient CP. Early diagnosis and decision-making using follow-up echocardiography are crucial to improve the prognosis of patients with CP.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Doppler echocardiographic assessment of constrictive pericarditis, cardiac amyloidosis, and cardiac tamponade.

Doppler echocardiography is useful in assessing diastolic dysfunction. Pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiographic interrogation of the atrioventricular valves and the central veins has been used in conjunction with respiratory monitoring to characterize abnormal diastolic function of the heart in diseases such as constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and cardiac tamponade. Constrictive pericarditis has distinct Doppler flows with marked respiratory variation because the pericardial shell separates the intracardiac pressures from intrathoracic pressure. This is not the case with restrictive cardiomyopathy, as in cardiac amyloidosis. Cardiac amyloidosis shows a spectrum of the Doppler flows which evolve as the disease progresses from abnormal relaxation in the early phase to pseudo-normal in the intermediate phase and to restrictive in the advanced phase. Doppler echocardiography can be used to assess the hemodynamic significance of pericardial effusion and to detect cardiac tamponade.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1995

[A study on the erectile response with the vacuum constriction device compared with intracavernous injection of a vasoactive drug].

Many types of vacuum constriction devices (VCDs) are used for the treatment of impotence, but the VCDs made in the USA are too large for Japanese males, and air leakage occurs. Therefore, we examined the erectile response of 47 impotent men to a vacuum constriction device that is made in Japan and can be applied suitably for Japanese men, and compared the response to intracavernous injection of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). When the 47 cases were divided into two groups by nocturnal penile tumescence, twenty of the impotent men were regarded to have fewer organic factor (group A) while 27 were regarded to have more organic factor (group B). All (100%) of the 20 cases of group A achieved a complete erection with the VCD, but only 11 (55%) of them achieved a complete erection with PGE1. Twenty-three (85%) of the 27 cases of group B achieved a complete erection with the VCD, but only nine (33%) achieved a complete erection with PGE1. Two of the four patients who did not achieve a complete erection with the VCD stopped pumping the VCD because of penile pain, and the other two patients had a penile-brachial pressure index (PBPI) of under 0.65. It was suggested that patients with no severe vascular disease can show a good erectile response with the VCD.

Alprostadil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Constrictive pericarditis: lessons from the past five years' experience in the South West Cardiothoracic Centre.

There are still patients who develop constrictive pericarditis. The aetiology has changed from times when it usually resulted from tuberculosis or purulent infection. The symptoms and signs may be misinterpreted and lead to the wrong diagnosis of congestive cardiac failure, lung disease, or liver disease. Patients with constrictive pericarditis present to specialists in different disciplines. We describe our experience, over five years, in one tertiary referral centre. We highlight the presentation, aetiology, investigation, and treatment and hope to remind all physicians of an uncommon but treatable condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Constrictive pericarditis.

Constrictive pericarditis, although still a relatively rare disease, continues to be a clinical problem that most practicing cardiologists may encounter. A major clinical clue to diagnosis is the continued elevation of the central venous pressure after adequate diuresis. The diagnosis is further supported by (1) prominent X and Y descents in the jugular venous pulse, (2) a relatively normal or only slightly enlarged cardiac silhouette in a patient with congestive heart failure, (3) pericardial calcification or significant congestive failure especially when the right sided signs predominate without obvious cause. When the disease is suspected, appropriate investigation should be undertaken using both the noninvasive and the catheterization studies. If the diagnosis is supported, then the choice of therapy at present is based primarily on severity of symptoms with surgical removal of the constricting pericardium being the therapy of choice in patients unable to be managed medically.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on experimental coronary insufficiency. II. Effects of beta-adrenergic blocking agent (propranolol) on metabolic response to adrenaline and noradrenaline in dogs with coronary constriction.

To obtain further information on the mechanism by which catecholamines produce myocardial ischemia, the effects of propranolol on metabolic and mechanical responses to adrenaline or noradrenaline were investigated in coronary-constricted dogs. Propranolol suppressed the myocardial ischemia produced by noradrenaline and adrenaline in dogs with moderate coronary constriction.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Influence of cinepazide, a vasoactive substance, on canine coronary circulation after acute constriction of the left anterior descending coronary artery.

The left anterior descending coronary artery was variably constricted mechanically in nine dogs. Blood flow in the left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex coronary arteries (CCA), aortic pressure and peripheral, i.e. post-stenotic coronary pressure were measured. Myocardial perfusion was determined from the clearance of radioactive xenon injected at a depth of 7 mm into the underperfused area supplied by the LAD artery. The vasoactive drug 1-(pyrrolidinyl-1-carbonyl)-methyl-4-(3,4,5-tri-methoxycinnamoyl)piperazine-maleate (cinepazide) was given at doses of 5-10 mg/kg by i.v. route. 1. Blood flow in the LAD was decreased stepwise to 50% of its initial value. There was practically no more coronary reserve. After drug injection, diastolic aortic pressure, that normally falls, was kept constant by clamping. Heart rate, perfusion pressure, post-stenotic pressure, and blood flow and resistance in the LAD showed practically no change. In the CCA, blood flow increased significantly (p less than 0.005) and flow resistance decreased (p less than 0.001). 133Xe clearance showed an increased myocardial perfusion (p less than 0.02) in the territory supplied by the LAD artery. 2. The lumen of the LAD was narrowed by 53%, i.e., coronary reserve was decreased. This constriction was followed by no haemodynamic reaction. After injection of cinepazide, mean and diastolic aortic pressure (p less than 0.02) and post-stenotic coronary pressure (p less than 0.005) decreased. Blood flow increased by 41% in the CCA and by 31% in the LAD. Coronary resistance in these vessels decreased (p less than 0.001 and 0.005, respectively). Here, too, the 133Xe clearance curve showed an increase in myocardial perfusion in the territory supplied by the LAD artery (+78%).

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Constriction of liver tissue herniated through a diaphragmatic defect, simulating a pulmonary tumor].

Defects in the dome of the right diaphragm are a rarity among diaphragmatic abnormalities. Here we report the case of an elderly man who presented with an intrathoracic nodular opacity adjacent to the right diaphragm on chest radiographs. A radionuclide liver scan and maximum intensity projection (MIP) images of a computed tomographic (CT) scan together yielded a diagnosis of diaphragmatic defect with herniation of liver tissue. The herniated liver was so constricted that the angle made by the nodule and diaphragm became acute, resulting in close resemblance to a pulmonary tumor. This unusual configuration of herniated liver tissue was reviewed and the cause of constriction and diagnostic procedure were discussed. To avoid unnecessary examinations, herniation of liver tissue should be included in the differential diagnosis of intrathoracic nodular opacities, particularly when they are in contact with the diaphragm.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

A complicated case of pericardial hydatid cyst manifesting as constrictive pericarditis.

Although cardiac involvement with hydatid cyst is quite rare as a major complication, constrictive pericarditis is even less common. A 55-year-old man is presented in whom a hydatid cyst located in the right cardiophrenic angle anterior to the right ventricle ruptured into the pericardial sac, resulting in constrictive pericarditis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2000

Constrictive pericarditis in a 19-month-old child.

We report a case of chronic nonspecific constrictive pericarditis with myocardial involvement in a 19-month-old infant. The patient underwent total pericardiectomy and had irreversible hemodynamic instability. Constrictive pericarditis is rare in childhood. It may follow several processes, most frequently an infectious disease. The natural course of the disease consists of progressive myocardial dysfunction with atrioventricular valvular involvement. When diagnosis is established early in the course of the disease and treatment started immediately, the evolution is favorable in most instances.

Fatal Outcome↗
PubMed1975

Surgical treatment of chronic constrictive pericarditis using cardiopulmonary bypass.

The results of operative treatment of 11 patients with chronic constrictive pericarditis with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass are described. Ten of the 11 patients had Functional Class III or IV disability preoperatively, and all had evidence of severe constrictive disease on physical examination and cardiac catheterization. Pericardiectomy, performed on cardiopulmonary bypass through a median sternotomy incision, required an average total perfusion time of 80 minutes. There were no intraoperative or hospital deaths, and none of the patients required prolonged postoperative hospitalization, All patients except 1, who died 4 weeks postoperatively of pulmonary embolism, have enjoyed marked functional improvement. The technical advantages of pericardiectomy performed on cardiopulmonary bypass are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Effect of partial constriction of the superior mesenteric artery upon absorption of d-xylose, labeled triolein and labeled albumin.

Intestinal adsorption of triolein, Risa and d-xylose was determined before and after reduction of blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery. Absorption of d-xylose did not change, but absorption of triolein and Risa appeared to be slightly improved after arterial constriction, even if the artery was completely thrombosed. Enhancement in absorption of Risa and triolein was probably the result of extensive collateral formation around the constricted superior mesenteric artery.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Modified method for epicardial constriction: the electric-Waffle procedure.

Residual epicardial constriction after pericardiectomy prevents good results. The Waffle procedure, incising the fibrotic epicardium in a crosshatched manner, is frequently used to release the epicardial constriction. In this report, we describe a modification of the Waffle procedure, which uses the electrocautery unit and watching the standard monitoring equipment for arrhythmia, to perform multiple epicardial incisions.

Adult↗