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PubMedDate not supplied

[Individual immunological parameters in clean-up team members and patients with sequelae of acute radiation sickness 5 years after the effects of the Chernobyl accident].

A study was made of deviations, beyond 1 sigma and 1.5 sigma of a mean value (M) of a donor group, in individual immunological parameters (for instance, the number of CD5+, CD2+, CD4+, CD8+, CD25+ and B-cells; alpha 1-thymosin concentration; and autoantibody titers to antigens of epithelial reticulum cell cytoplasm) in patients suffered acute radiation sickness (ARS) and liquidators of Chernobyl NPP accident. The radiation damage to the immune system was reliably detected in the affected subjects examined: they exhibited a decrease in the alpha 1-thymosin level below M = -1.5 sigma and in absolute B cellularity below M = -1 sigma; and increase in the number of CD25+ cells and in the level of serum autoantibodies to antigens of thymus epithelial reticulum cell cytoplasm. When several parameters selected were examined simultaneously the frequency of recording the deviations in merely one of them markedly increased.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of the peripheral neuromotor pathology in Chernobyl accident clean-up personnel late after the accident].

Clinical and electromyographic (EMG) examinations of the Chernobyl wreckers exposed to radiation revealed radiological damage to peripheral nervous system. 10-15 years after the accident they complain of weakness, headache, dizziness, muscle pain. Late damage to the peripheral nervous system manifest with EMG-detected axonal and demyelinating lesions, compression injuries of the peripheral nerves (tunnel syndromes), involvement of spinal cord motor neurons. In wreckers with thyroid lesions tunnel syndromes occur more often.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The function of the small intestine based on hydrogen test data in men who have been exposed to small doses of ionizing radiation in the cleanup of the sequelae of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Sixty-seven participants of the elimination of Chernobyl accident sequels were examined. Of these, 30 persons (44.8%) showed normal characteristics of the three small intestinal functions studied: activity of the intestinal enzyme beta-galactosidase, motility and microbial dissemination, 23 (34.3%) deficiency of the intestinal enzyme beta-galactosidase, and 24 (35.8%) bacterial dissemination of the small intestine. In 12 persons (17.9%), the deficiency of beta-galactosidase was associated with dysbiosis of the small intestine. The incidence of hypolactasia did not exceed the characteristic typical on the whole of the population of the Moscow region.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chromosome aberration frequency in children with chronic thyroiditis born before and after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear reactor].

Children with chronic thyroiditis born before and after Chernobyl accident have been investigated cytogenetically using G-banding staining. It was shown that the chromosome instability and sensitivity to cesium radioisotopes increased and the pathological process in a thyroid gland implemented in persons exposed to 131I in their childhood and living in iodine-deficient territories.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Regularities of changes in 137Cs content in milk in the long term after the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident].

Regularities of changes in 137Cs content in cattle milk in the long term after the Chernobyl accident have been analyzed. Contamination levels of haylands and pastures, soil properties, specific features of agricultural production and time after the fallout play a crucial role in 137Cs concentration changes in animal products. Trends have been studied that reflect the influence of these factors and their significance assessed. The half-life periods of 137Cs decay in milk vary over the period of 1994 to 2000 between 7.1 and 14.8 years and approach similar periods calculated for the long term after global radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons tests.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Thyroid cancer has increased in the adult populations of countries moderately affected by Chernobyl fallout.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of thyroid carcinoma increased among children affected by Chernobyl fallout. Less evidence exists for a corresponding effect in adolescents and adults. The Cancer Registry of the Czech Republic provides an opportunity to study various determinants of the occurrence of thyroid cancer. MATERIAL/METHODS: Anonymous population-based incidence data on thyroid carcinoma of the Czech Republic from 1976 to 1999 were obtained from the Czech Statistical Office (CSO) and the Institute of Health Information and Statistics (IHIS). This study covers 247 million person-years. Linear logistic regression models allowing for possible changes in slope (change-points) are suggested for the trends of incidence proportions. RESULTS: From 1976 to 1999 a uniform annual increase of 2.0% per year was found in the directly age-standardized thyroid cancer incidence proportion (95%-CI: 1.3-2.7, p<0.0001). From 1990 on, we observed an additional significant increase in the thyroid cancer incidence of 2.6% per year (95%-CI:1.2-4.1, p=0.0003). This effect (change-point) is essentially independent of age but dependent on gender: females 2.9% per year (95%-CI: 1.3-4.7, p=0.0006), males 1.8% per year (95%-CI: -1.0-4.7,p=0.2127). The estimated minimum latency period for the population as a whole is 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: Although the Czech Republic received only a relatively moderate amount of radioactive fallout,an unexpected uniformly accelerated increase of thyroid cancer in all age categories is seen from 1990 onwards. Therefore one should look carefully at collective dose and at the group of persons low in individual organ dose but high in number.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphofunctional characteristics of secretion-producing structures of the gastric and duodenal mucosa in liquidators of aftermaths of the Chernobyl accident with peptic ulcer of the duodenum].

With the aid of the comparative structural analysis of 145 biopsy specimens of the gastric and duodenal mucosa obtained from two groups of patients with peptic ulcer of the duodenum (liquidators of effects of the Chernobyl power plant accident and those subjects comprizing the control group), particular morphological features were revealed in the liquidators. These included the following: significant decline in parameters for parietal cells (mostly nuclei), striking alterable changes in their cytoplasma; transformation of the process of glycosylation of glycoproteins in the course of mucus production with disturbances of formation, excertion of the secretion and cytoprotective properties of the mucus; increase in the proliferative activity of the epithelium with insufficiency of cytodifferentiation and functional inadequacy.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2004

[Chromosomal aberrations and parameters of oxidative stress in Chernobyl clean-up workers in a remote period after ionizing radiation].

This investigation was performed to test a supposition about the influence of disturbances in antioxidative system on cytogenetical parameters in Chernobyl' clean-up workers. It was shown that some cytogenetical parameters straightly correlated with the parameters of oxidative stress, while other cytogenetical parameters show just reverse correlations. Apparently, these relationships are not of cause-and-effect type, but they reflect a complex processes occurring in humans for a long period after radiation exposure.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed2004

[The cardiovascular system in liquidators of consequences of the Chernobyl atomic power station accident].

Liquidators of consequences of the Chernobyl atomic power station accident were found to have cardiovascular regulatory disorders in the late period. A late pressure reaction of systolic blood pressure to exercise was caused by cardiac rhythm rigidity due to the sick sinus syndrome. High exercise tolerance and delayed ischemia were indicative of diminished total peripheral resistance due to the impaired responsiveness of alpha-adrenoblockers in the arterial vessels and of the development of neurocirculatory dystonia. Cardiovascular functional changes in the liquidators are not attended by the higher morbidity rates of hypertensive disease.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[137Cs vertical migration in boggy soils in the long term after the Chernobyl accident].

137Cs vertical migration in boggy soils has been studied 15 years after the Chernobyl accident. The rate of vertical migration of the radionuclide is shown to be dependent on the peculiarities of formation of peatbogs, their moistening regime and soil properties. 137Cs migration in a high-land peatbog is characterized by higher intensity then in lowland or transitional peatbogs. Differences in 137Cs vertical migration are to a large extent caused by the contents in soil of exhangeable and mobile radionuclide forms. The derived experimental data that describe 137Cs distribution over the profiles of peaty soils of different type are used for parameterization of two-component convective-diffusion model. Ecological and effective half-life periods of 137Cs content reduction in the soil root layer have been calculated. A long-term prediction is given of the dynamics of the radionuclide content in the root layer of peaty soils.

Cesium Radioisotopes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The structural-functional disorders in the liver of wild rodents from areas of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

A study was made of the morphological status of hepatocytes, the antioxidant activity of lipids and composition of phospholipids, and dehydrogenase activity in the liver of field mice taken from seven regions of the Chernobyl A.P.S. zone with different levels of contamination in 1987. There observed multiple types of destructive damages to the organ; depletion of liver lipids by antioxidants; diminution of phospholipids within the total lipid level; considerable increase in the phosphatidyl choline/phosphatidyl ethanolamine ratio and in the relative content of phospholipid lysoforms; and inhibition of dehydration processes. In the absence of a strict correlation between the changes in the biophysical and biochemical parameters or between the severity of degenerative changes in hepatocytes and the level of external irradiation, certain relationship was followed up between liver lipid depletion by antioxidants, inhibition of dehydration processes and the number of wild rodents which developed dystrophic changes in the organ. These structural and functional changes were found in the liver of wild rodents taken from all the regions: this indicated a considerable sensitivity of the parameters of the regulatory cell systems and hepatocytes to the effect of technogenic contamination.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The problem of the radiosensitivity of bone marrow cellular elements and assessments of the postradiation kinetics of myelopoiesis (an analysis based on data on the sequelae of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

On the basis of the data obtained from 61 cases of accidental exposure (0.1-12.5 Gy) at the Chernobyl A.P.S. the kinetics of acute radiation bone-marrow syndrome was analyzed and radiosensitivity of the entire spectrum of human granulocytic compartment cells was estimated. The radiosensitivity estimates were made by a "functional" criterion, developed by the authors, which was based on the comparative ability of irradiated and nonirradiated bone marrow cells of different maturity to produce peripheral blood neutrophils. Changes were found in physiology of myeloid cells during their maturation: the maturation mechanism, for cells of the committed pool, was "attached" to the division process, whereas these processes were independent for cells of the dividing and maturing pool. It is once again confirmed that the transit time of a maturing myeloid cell, to begin with the primarily committed one and to end with a peripheral blood neutrophil, is not constant and lasts normally for 32 days.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[State of auditory function based on data of audiometry and dynamic impedance-metry in persons exposed to radiation during liquidation of the Chernobyl AES accident].

A total of 251 men at the age of 23 to 50 have been examined with the use of audiometry and dynamic impedance metry who had obtained various doses of radiation connected with the work at the Chernobyl Power Plant. It was established that in 57.8% of the cases the audition was within the physiological norm and in 42.2% various forms of audition derangements were diagnosed.

Accidents↗
PubMed1992

[Means of improving and characteristics of the use of beta spectrometry of 90Sr after the Chernobyl accident].

The paper is concerned with a theoretical possibility of the use of 90Sr beta-spectrometry in a mixture of radionuclides including 137Cs, 134Cs, 144Ce and 106Ru after the Chernobyl accident. Special attention is paid to the choosing of a detector and spectrum treatment techniques as factors determining the minimum detectable activity of the method. A brief description of the spectrometric system as well as of the software used is given. The comparison of the method with traditional radiochemical and gamma-spectrometric methods has shown that it is applicable to a wide range of activities and to different objects including those of biological origin. The sources of errors are considered in detail. Approaches to the development of the method are given.

Accidents↗
PubMed1992

[Radiologic consequences and medico-biological problems 4 years after the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The data on the assessment of the radiobiological situation and the results of clinical and epidemiological studies into the population health status, exposed to radiation because of the Chernobyl NPP accident are summarized. Appropriate regularities in soil contamination with 137Cs are ascertained. It has been shown that the disease incidence among the children's and adult population of the controlled areas is associated not only with improvement of the disease revealing but with the influence of the accident consequences.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cytogenetic characteristics of seed progeny of common oak trees (Quercus robur L.) exposed to the irradiation after the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station and growing at the territories with different levels of anthropogenic contamination].

The examination of cytogenetic characteristics (the mitotic activity, the time of passing of the mitotic stages by cells, the level and the spectrum of mitosis disturbances, the nucleoli characteristics) of seed progeny of common oak trees, exposed to the radiation exposure after the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station and growing at the territories with different levels of anthropogenic contamination was held. In spite of the normalization of the radioactive level at the examined territories the changes of the cytogenetic characteristics of common oak seed progeny in comparison with the control were noticed. Obtained results are explained from the position of the radiation induced genomic instable and of the wave kinetic of the mutation process. The questions of the advisability and of the validity of using of the seed progeny of the common oak trees, exposed to the radiation exposure, in forest restoration measures are discussed.

Power Plants↗