Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of glycoprotein oligosaccharides.
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An endogenous inhibitor of the sodium pump from the Chinese medication Chansu was purified. The dry substance Chansu was extracted with methanol. The dry residue dissolved in water and filtered subsequently through membrane filters with the exclusion size of 1000 Da, 3000 Da and 10000 Da in a Filtron Pro Vario-3-System and applied to thin-layer chromatographic plate made of Silica gel 60 F254 + 366 developed with a mixture of CHCl3-MeOH-H2O(75:20:5, volume ratio). The fractions with Rf 0.55 inhibiting the sodium pump were purified on an HPLC C18-RP column using a linear H2O-methanol gradient with 220 nm and 300 nm DAD detection. The bioactivity was measured by 86Rb-uptake into human red blood cells. The results showed that a low molecular weight, water soluble compound, which inhibited the sodium pump activity in the red blood cells and had a maximum absorbance at 250 nm was isolated from the Chinese medication Chansu. Several mg of the compound in pure state could be obtained from 1 kg Chansu. It was different from ouabain and proscillaridin A in chemical structure, because ouabain and proscillaridin A show a UV maximum absorption at 220 nm and 300 nm, while the new inhibitor at 250 nm.
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An analytical method for aflatoxins using solvent extraction, affinity column (containing monoclonal antibodies against aflatoxins bound onto agarose) clean-up and high performance liquid chromatographic determination was applied to the analysis of aflatoxins in peanuts, pistachio nuts, white and black peppers and corn. Recoveries of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 spiked to peanuts, pistachio nuts and corn at the level of 20 ppb were 77.4-81.4, 70.1-77.9 and 72.3-94.8%, respectively. In the case of white and black peppers, because the spiked aflatoxin recovery rate was low, further purification steps should be studied. The stability of the affinity column was good. This procedure is recommended as a rapid and reliable method for the analysis of aflatoxins in the three kinds of foods, peanuts, pistachio nuts and corn.
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