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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Bronchoscopic diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary foci].

Flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy is frequently performed in patients with endoscopically not visible lesions, especially for establishing a diagnosis in patients with peripheral lung cancer. The usual method for obtaining material for histological analysis is transbronchial forceps biopsy. To gain material for cytological examination transbronchial needle aspiration, transbronchial catheter aspiration or bronchial brushing and bronchial washing can be used. The size of the lesion and its location influence the diagnostic accuracy of bronchoscopy. The reliability of cytological procedures has found general acceptance: the endoscopic investigation can be guided by the results of on-site cytology. The combination of transbronchial forceps biopsy and cytological methods increases the diagnostic yield. In a direct comparison, cytological examination of material from transbronchial needle aspiration and transbronchial catheter aspiration has been found to have a significantly higher diagnostic sensitivity than transbronchial forceps biopsy in peripheral bronchial carcinoma. While transbronchial needle aspiration makes it possible to obtain tissue from extrabronchial region, catheter aspiration provides material of a larger area of the bronchial mucosa. There is thus no need for an exact positioning of the catheter tip inside the lesion under fluoroscopic guidance.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle↗
PubMed2006

The role of bronchoscopic surveillance monitoring in the care of lung transplant recipients.

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy remains the gold standard to establish the presence or absence of acute pulmonary allograft rejection or infection after lung transplantation (LT). Performance of clinically mandated transbronchial lung biopsy enhances diagnostic precision and has a satisfactory risk:benefit ratio in experienced hands. Surveillance transbronchial biopsies have a lower yield but may provide longitudinal insight into immunological events in the allograft that can assist long-term management. Moreover, knowledge about the structural integrity of the bronchial anastomosis is critical to achieve optimum outcomes. Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is the most common cause of late graft dysfunction and mortality after LT. Significant OB is invariably associated with reduced graft function, denoted physiologically by the bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Importantly, not all BOS is due to OB. The major risk factor for BOS is thought to be acute cellular rejection but new data support an important role for lymphocytic bronchiolitis. This review examines the role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy after LT as a surveillance tool and discusses indications, risk:benefit, and outcomes, with emphasis on two specific findings on biopsy; namely, minimal acute cellular rejection and lymphocytic bronchiolitis. Findings on follow-up biopsies to assess the outcome of therapies and the natural history of untreated "minimal" rejection events are also discussed.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage↗
PubMed1989

Bronchoscopic "resection" of small cell carcinoma.

Small cell carcinoma of the bronchus frequently presents as a widely disseminated tumor with a large central primary lesion. A patient with peripheral shadowing on a chest radiograph is reported in whom bronchoscopy revealed endobronchial tumor of the small cell type. The patient underwent lobectomy, but residual carcinoma could not be identified in the operative specimen, and the patient has remained disease-free for 2.5 years post-resection.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

Bronchoscopic photodynamic therapy of bronchial carcinoma.

Photodynamic therapy with photosensitizers is a new method of treating malignant tumors. In the area of bronchoscopy it is employed for the selective therapy of early carcinomas at central localizations. We report on our first attempts at treatment with hematoporphyrin derivative in an inoperable patient. The modalities of irradiation and the recurrence-free progress of, to date, 2.5 years, are described.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1982

[5-years of experience with tranquilizing-analgesics in laryngo-tracheo-bronchoscopic procedures in newborns and infants ].

Tranquilizing-analgesics (diazepam-ketamine combination anaesthesia) and O2-injector respiration has proved during a period of 5 years in 270 laryngo-tracheo-bronchoscopies of newborns and infants to be an outstandingly well-controllable anaesthesia applicable by the intravenous route which could be applied without danger of depression of breathing or circulation and without injury of the laryngeal protection reflex in this early period of life by means of a balanced cooperation between operator and anaesthesiologist. No serious complications have been observed. The authors' own experiences in handling of the method are described.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1990

[Bronchoscopic diagnosis of pneumonia with quantitative microbial count determination].

Micro-organism counts of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and microbrush swabs were obtained from 40 immunocompetent (group A) and 23 immunosuppressed (group B) patients with nosocomial pneumonia, and a control group consisting of 40 patients with noninfectious pulmonary infiltrates. The sensitivity of BAL was high: 77.5% for group A and 85% for group B, while microbrush swabs gave many false-negative results. Microorganism counts were at or above 10(5) cfu/ml in 32 of 44 examinations (bacterial or mycotic pneumonia), but in only one case of the control group. Lower counts were obtained with localized infection and microorganisms difficult to culture (Aspergilla and Legionella). Granulocytosis in the lavage fluid was demonstrated in 38 of 41 patients with bacterial pneumonia and thus proved useful in the differential diagnosis. In 16 of 40 immunocompetent and 13 of 23 immunosuppressed patients with pneumonia the results were therapeutically of importance. Thus, invasive diagnosis is indicated especially in complicated or treatment-resistant nosocomial infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Effects of long-term ventilation on the bronchial system. Bronchoscopic, cytologic and microbiological findings].

UNLABELLED: The effects of longterm ventilation were evaluated in 50 patients from a medical intensive care unit. The bronchial tract was investigated using repeated bronchoscopy and assessed by semiquantitative scoring. Prior to each endoscopy tracheal secretions were obtained for microbiological and cytological evaluation, in 20 patients histological analysis of the bronchial mucosa was done in addition. RESULTS: 1. Within 24-48 hours after initiation of respirator ventilation alterations of the bronchial mucosa occur. The extent progresses rapidly, however no further increase of progression is to be observed after ventilation of approximately 150-200 hours. 2. Endoscopic assessment of the severity of mucosal changes correlates well with cytological and histologic results. 3. In 34 patients microbial agents could be demonstrated. In 8 of them mucosal changes preceded demonstration of microbial organisms. The extent of mucosal changes is independent of category or count of pathogen. Endoscopic follow-up investigations of the bronchial tract affected by long-term ventilation serve both direct bronchial clearing and control of position of the intubation tube as well as assessment of mucosal alterations and control of treatment of bronchial infection.

Adolescent↗