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PubMed2005

Botulism and bioterrorism: how serious is this problem?

Botulism is a potentially lethal disease caused by one of seven homologous neurotoxic proteins usually produced by the bacterium, Clostridium botulinum. This neuromuscular disorder occurs through an exquisite series of molecular events, ultimately ending with the arrest of acetylcholine release and hence, flaccid paralysis. There are three types of botulism: food, wound, and infant botulism. Most strains of the bacterium produce a potent, respiratory muscle-paralyzing neurotoxin, botulinum toxin (BTX). It can lead to death unless appropriate therapy is promptly initiated. Due to the severity and potency of BTX, its importance as a biological weapon is of major concern to public health officials. Nevertheless, BTX is also medicament.

Bioterrorism↗
PubMed2005

[Bioterrorism].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bioterrorism↗
PubMed2005

[New diagnostic methods for bacterial infections after the introduction of increased bioterrorism preparedness].

Bacillus anthracis, Francicella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia pseudomallei and Brucella melitensis are the bacteria most often mentioned in connection with possible biological terrorist acts. It is known that these microorganisms can be cultured and weaponised for such a purpose. This survey provides examples of the use of diagnostic methods for those microorganisms, further detailed in relation to establishing a national center for biological preparedness in Denmark.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

State preparedness for bioterrorism and public health emergencies.

The nation's ability to prepare for and respond to an infectious disease or bioterrorist attack rests largely in states' public health systems. Early federal efforts to provide funding to help states and localities build their infrastructure have led to a great deal of activity in this area. Evaluations of progress in preparedness show both successes and shortcomings, and assessments of whether or not the nation is prepared vary depending on benchmarks used and perspectives on spending priorities. Future assessments will be needed for continuous monitoring of improvements and challenges.

Benchmarking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pakistan's experience of a bioterrorism-related anthrax scare.

From November 2001 to March 2002, the National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan, received 230 samples from 194 different sources for analysis for anthrax spores. These samples were taken from letters/packages suspected of containing anthrax and from individuals exposed to them. When cultured on sheep blood agar, 141 samples yielded growth suggestive of Bacillus species. On the basis of growth characteristics, absence of beta-haemolysis, absent or doubtful motility and morphological characters of the isolates on Gram stain, 62 isolates were considered suspicious and were inoculated into guinea-pigs. Inoculated animals remained healthy well beyond the required observation period of 5 days. All the samples were therefore reported as negative for B. anthracis. Systems for handling and analysing suspected anthrax-contaminated materials are discussed.

Anthrax↗