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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Analysis of hippocampal atrophy in alcoholic patients by a Kohonen feature map.

We investigated the correlation of hippocampal volume with homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12 and B6 in alcoholic patients and healthy controls applying a Kohonen feature map (KFM) and conventional statistics. Representation of subjects on the KFM suggested an inverse correlation of hippocampal volume with blood levels of homocysteine and correlation with folate and vitamin B6. In conventional statistical analyses (t-test) reduced folate and increased homocysteine was found in alcoholics compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). In female alcoholics vitamin B6 was reduced significantly (p = 0.03). Multiple linear regression analyses showed a significant correlation between average hippocampal volume and homocysteine (p < 0.001). KFM proved to be a sensitive tool for visualisation of statistical correlations in data sets even if no further statistical information is available.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Specific nutrient abnormalities in asymptomatic HIV-1 infection.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether specific nutrient abnormalities occur in earlier stages of HIV-1 infection, thereby preceding the marked wasting and malnutrition that accompany later stages of the infection. DESIGN: A longitudinal investigation to determine biological, psychological and social factors thought to influence the progression and outcome of HIV-1 infection. Nutritional status was assessed using biochemical measurement of nutrient levels, dietary history, anthropometry and clinical examination for the signs and symptoms of nutritional deficiency or excess. SETTING: The study was performed on an outpatient basis at the University of Miami School of Medicine. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred homosexual men, aged between 20 and 55 years, who were asymptomatic other than persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (Centers for Disease Control stage III) and 42 age-matched homosexual men demonstrated to be free of HIV-1 infection at two 6-month intervals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Biochemical measurement of nutrient status, dietary history, anthropometry, clinical signs or symptoms of nutritional excess or deficiency were obtained for all participants. RESULTS: Despite few differences in mean blood levels of specific nutrients, prevalence of specific nutrient abnormalities was widespread among HIV-1-infected subjects, compared with non-infected male homosexual controls. Overtly and marginally low blood levels of vitamins A (18%), E (27%), riboflavin (26%), B6 (53%), and B12 (23%), together with copper (74%) and zinc (50%) were documented in HIV-1-seropositive subjects. With the exception of riboflavin, zinc, and copper, a similar prevalence of abnormalities among HIV-1-seronegative controls was not observed. CONCLUSION: Specific nutrient abnormalities occur with relative frequency in asymptomatic HIV-1 infection and may contribute to the rate and form of HIV-1 disease progression.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Environmental hazards in milk and infant nutrition.

Epidemiologic studies have provided much of the knowledge concerning adverse side effects of exposure to drugs and other xenobiotics transmitted via breast milk. Adverse effects can be immediate and usually recognizable or long-term and difficult to define. Acute effects may be due to individual idiosyncrasy, allergic reaction, or manifestation of acute toxicity. We need further human clinical investigations to determine actual dosing to nursing infants and to ascertain the existence of subtle and presently unrecognized long-term effects.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Medical and gastroenterologic management of the post-bariatric surgery patient.

Morbid obesity is a serious disease resulting in considerable morbidity. Bariatric surgery is an important treatment modality of morbid obesity. It appears to be safe and effective in reduction of excess weight in carefully selected patients. However, it carries a risk of many short- and long-term complications, some of them unique to bariatric surgery. Knowledge of possible postoperative complications and their management will allow the achievement of the best results. Despite many types of bariatric procedures developed, only a few are currently performed. Since the number of bariatric procedures performed annually increases, primary care physicians and gastroenterologists will be increasingly challenged by post-bariatric surgery patients. Hence, better understanding of the anatomy and adaptive changes in bariatric patients allows for a more efficient evaluation and management of post-bariatric surgery problems. This article reviews common complications in post-bariatric surgery patients and provides guidelines for their evaluation and management.

Avitaminosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Syndromic paucity of the intrahepatic bile ducts: diagnostic difficulty; severe morbidity throughout early childhood.

The clinical, biochemical, and histological features of 27 children with syndromic paucity of the interlobular bile ducts are described. All presented in the first 5 months of life, 21 with jaundice, two with spontaneous bleeding due to vitamin K malabsorption in addition to jaundice, two with pruritus, and two with failure to thrive. Interlobular bile ducts were abundant in liver biopsies from five (18% of cases) in the first 6 months of life. The degree of portal fibrosis and cellular infiltrate was mild in all except three patients. Clinically significant heart lesions occurred in 52% but only 22% had peripheral pulmonary stenosis. Characteristic facial appearances were present in only 70%; embryotoxon and vertebral anomalies were present in 56 and 33%, respectively. Two infants died of cardiovascular complications, one of alimentary bleeding and one of progressive liver disease. Complications of vitamin K deficiency occurred in 15%, vitamin D deficiency in 30%, and vitamin E deficiency in 37%. Survivors at ages of 19 months to 16.5 years had considerable morbidity with pruritus occurring in 70%, jaundice in 48%, xanthomas in 30%, 74% having hepatomegaly and 63% splenomegaly. All had abnormal biochemical tests of liver function, 90% had growth retardation, and 50% developmental delay. We conclude that differentiation from extrahepatic biliary atresia can be difficult if biliary flow cannot be demonstrated. Prevention of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency is essential. Further research is required to decrease the morbidity associated with this syndrome in infancy.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pregnancy following bariatric surgery.

Gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity is considered an appropriate intervention when other weight-loss measures have proven unsuccessful. Weight loss often brings about improvement in overall health by lessening the effects of obesity-related comorbidities such as chronic hypertension and diabetes. In fact, the ability to become pregnant is enhanced, as weight loss often allows for a normalization of sex hormones. However, the nutrition challenges brought about by the surgery may have a profound impact on maternal health and pregnancy outcome. Surgical procedures for morbid obesity may be classified according to the digestive aftereffects brought about by the particular procedure. These categories include the "restrictive" procedures, "restrictive-malabsorptive" procedures, and the less common "malabsorptive" procedures. Deficiencies in iron, vitamin B12, folate, and calcium can result in maternal complications, such as severe anemia, and in fetal complications, such as neural tube defect, intrauterine growth restriction, and failure to thrive. Nutrient supplementation following bariatric surgery and close supervision before, during, and after pregnancy can help prevent nutrition-related complications and improve maternal and fetal health.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

High-risk subjects for vitamin deficiency.

Chronic deficiency of various vitamins can influence the occurrence of some chronic degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular pathology, cataract, arthritis, disorders of the nervous system and photosensitivity. Similarly, vitamin intake can influence various disorders in infants and elderly people, in burns and in subjects following unbalanced diets or undergoing strenuous physical exercise. Among vitamins, beta-carotene, vitamin E and vitamin C have received most attention, particularly in the prevention of oxidative damage from free radicals. It is supposed that each vitamin plays a different role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, depending on the type of damage relevant to a specific disease. Results from different studies are still far from conclusive and the effects on longevity are not well defined. In industrialized countries, vitamin deficiencies seem to be related only to specific and clearly identifiable groups in the population: therefore, at the moment, it seems more advisable to target vitamin supplementation at risk groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Trace elements and vitamins in immunomodulation in infancy and childhood.

It has been established that there is a strict and cyclical relationship between infection, immune function and nutritional status with changes in one influencing the other two. Impairment of immune function can occur even in healthy subjects in apparently good nutritional status as a consequence of some nutrient deficiencies. The impact of trace elements and vitamins on immune function are briefly reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Vitamin requirements: present recommendations and future prospects.

Dietary recommendations evolved from instructions directed at prevention of starvation diseases to the level of intake of essential nutrients that are adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy persons. Vitamin requirements have been modified various times over the years and there are still differences in recommended intakes in different countries. A debate on optimal vitamin intake is ongoing, based on the concepts of deficiency, sufficiency and hypothetical identification of a range within which a further biological advantage can be expected. In establishing appropriate criteria for food and nutrient intakes, additional studies are warranted on the physiological interactions between nutrients and non-nutrients and on many other factors such as genetic determinants and lifestyle which could interfere with disease prevention.

Adult↗