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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Hygienic problems in intensive care units (author's transl)].

Microbiological tests have established that intensive care units act as a reservoir from which hospital infections spread. The mode of their spread is reviewed. The increased incidence of nosocomial infections to intensive care wards is attributable partly to deficient antisepsis and asepsis and partly to inadequate planning of the building and organization of these wards. Plans for two intensive care wards are put forward which would reduce the risk of contact, smear and air-borne infections. In the planning of these units greater attention than has so far been the case should be paid to preventing the spread of pathogenic micro-organisms.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of aseptic techniques and chlorhexidine on the rate of catheter-associated urinary-tract infection. Southampton Infection Control Team.

Aseptic techniques used together with chlorhexidine reduced the infection rate and prevented cross-infection in patients undergoing urinary-tract catheterisation. Infection of the bladder appears to have arisen by contamination of the catheter-meatal junction, at which site antiseptic prophylaxis in the presence of bathing was ineffective. Patients having short-term catheterisation should not be placed in baths, since wetting the perineum will contaminate the urethral meatus with mixed enterobacteria, predisposing the female patient in particular to infection.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Textiles as aseptic barriers: the past, present, and future.

Operating room drapes and gowns have changed over the years to reflect the changing attitudes toward and thoughts on textiles as asceptic barriers. Although gowning and draping techniques differed from hospital to hospital, by 1900 the importance of these techniques was generally recognized. It was not until 1975, however, that the textile industry was charged with the responsibility for developing performance standrads for gowning the draping materials.

Antisepsis↗
PubMed1978

Symposium on intensive care: 2. Infection control in the surgical intensive care unit.

Control of infection in the surgical intensive care unit demands unfailing attention to three distinct areas: a) The bacteria responsible may be endogenous or exogenous. The effects of the former can be limited by careful surgical techniques and judicious use of antibiotics, of the latter by the practice of asepsis and antisepsis, essentially of scrupulous cleanliness. b) The environment of infection concerns the support of natural barriers to infection (notably the integrity of the skin and the adequate drainage of the pulmonary system), and the sterility and appropriate care and use of the many invasive devices currently available. c) The patient's natural defence mechanisms show considerable variation, and those at increased risk can be detected by skin-testing with a number of antigens as well as by recognized clinical features. It is in these patients with anergy and abnormal natural defences that total parenteral nutrition can be of the greatest value.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Some aspects on prevention and treatment of infection in burns.

Formerly, death due to burns was usually caused by shock in 50% of the cases. Today only 5% of the deaths are caused by shock; 95% of all deaths are due to infection and half of these deaths are due to septicaemia. The treatment of infections depends on two factors: -- Prevention of contamination -- Prevention of bacterial growth. Contamination can be prevented by early skin grafts, a no-touch method when applying dressings, nursing in ventilated rooms and local antiseptics. The history of the use of various antiseptics starting with penicillin V and ending with cerium nitrate is discussed. For the prevention of bacterial growth chemotherapy, active and passive immunisation, and such general methods as the correct treatment of associated diseases and a high calory diet are necessary. Chemotherapy should only be given when there are definite indications. Indiscriminate chemotherapy is dangerous. The most useful immunisation methods are vaccinations against pseudomonas as these vaccinations are also active against other gram-negative bacteria. In children the diagnosis of septicaemia is often difficult. As septicaemia may develop very quickly in children, it is sometimes necessary to start chemotherapy blindly before the results of the blood culture are known.

Antisepsis↗
PubMed1983

Evaluating aseptic technique of pharmacy personnel.

A procedure for validating the effectiveness of a training program in aseptic technique for admixture personnel and for monitoring the aseptic technique of those trained is described. Double-strength soybean casein digest broth was prepared as the culture media. Technicians were instructed to prepare 50 sample i.v. admixtures after the structured one-week orientation and training period. The sample admixtures were cultured for sterility by a total-culturing method. An ongoing random-sampling plan was implemented to monitor the technique of the trained technicians. Six technicians completed the orientation program, and five compounded the validation admixtures aseptically. The ongoing monitoring revealed that the technicians who were validated have continued to perform at acceptable levels. This program validated that the personnel had adequate training in aseptic technique and the necessary skills for performing the aseptic manipulations required in i.v. admixture compounding.

Antisepsis↗