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Results for “ADRENAL GLAND DISEASES”

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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

CT of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage with acute adrenal insufficiency in the adult.

Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage and acute adrenal insufficiency in three acutely ill patients occurred as a complication of pneumonia in two and recent abdominal surgery in the third. The diagnosis was unsuspected in each case before abdominal computed tomography (CT), which showed bilateral adrenal masses. CT was done for suspected intraabdominal sepsis. Adrenal insufficiency was confirmed by endocrine studies, and each patient promptly recovered with steroid replacement therapy. Follow-up CT showed diminution or disappearance of the masses and density changes consistent with resolving hematomas.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Magnetic resonance imaging of the adrenal glands: a comparison with computed tomography.

This investigation compared magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of normal and abnormal adrenal glands. Thirty normal volunteers were studied with MRI, and the results were compared with a retrospective review of 30 normal CT examinations. CT identified both adrenal glands in all 30 patients. MRI identified both glands in 29 of 30 volunteers. There were no statistically significant differences between the two imaging techniques using chi-square analysis. Twenty-one patients with abnormal adrenal gland(s) detected with CT were also studied with MRI. The abnormalities studied included bilateral hyperplasia (three patients), adenoma (two), myelolipoma (one), adrenal metastases (six), adrenal hemorrhage (two), and neuroblastoma (seven). MRI detected the abnormal adrenal gland(s) in 20 of 21 patients. MRI was unable to detect calcifications in the lesions studied but more clearly showed the relations of adrenal masses to the major vascular structures. MRI demonstrated corticomedullary differentiation in patients with adrenal hyperplasia and in some normal volunteers. The CT and MRI features of the adrenal lesions are discussed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

CT-guided adrenal biopsy: accuracy, safety, and indications.

Fifty-eight percutaneous needle biopsies of adrenal masses were performed in 53 patients. The technique was initially successful in 44 (83%) of 53 patients. Five patients had second procedures because of initial failure or the possibility of sampling error. Fourteen biopsies were performed in nononcologic patients and 39 in patients with a known malignancy. None of the adrenal masses in nononcologic patients were malignant. Only 18 (46.1%) of the 39 masses in oncologic patients were metastases; the rest represented a variety of nonneoplastic conditions. Seven minor complications occurred in six patients. Two of these patients required transfusions for hypotension or decreases in hematocrit. No correlation was noted between needle size and complications. There were no pneumothoraces. The procedure is an accurate and safe alternative to surgical biopsy.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1994

Tumors of the adrenal gland: findings on CT and MR imaging.

Adrenal gland imaging has improved drastically since the advent of CT and MR imaging. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate findings on cross-sectional imaging of adrenal gland tumors. Emphasis is given to imaging features that help to characterize specific lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Characterization of adrenal masses using unenhanced CT: an analysis of the CT literature.

OBJECTIVE: Unenhanced CT scanning can reliably characterize incidentally detected adrenal masses when observers use density measurements of the adrenal gland. However, controversy exists as to the optimal density threshold required to differentiate benign from malignant lesions. This study attempts to establish a consensus by performing a pooled analysis of data found in the CT literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten CT reports were analyzed, from which individual adrenal lesion density measurements were obtained for 495 adrenal lesions (272 benign lesions and 223 malignant lesions). Threshold analysis generated a range of sensitivities and specificities for lesion characterization at different density thresholds. RESULTS: Sensitivity for characterizing a lesion as benign ranged from 47% at a threshold of 2 H to 88% at a threshold of 20 H. Similarly, specificity varied from 100% at a threshold of 2 H to 84% at a threshold of 20 H. CONCLUSION: The attempt to be absolutely certain that an adrenal lesion is benign may lead to an unacceptably low sensitivity for lesion characterization. The threshold chosen will depend on the patient population and the cost-benefit approach to patient care.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1994

Lethal cytomegalovirus adrenalitis in a case of AIDS.

The clinico-pathologic report of a case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) necrotizing adrenalitis arising in an intravenous drug-abuser and HIV-infected young is presented. CMV urinary tract infection, genital Kaposi's, and demyelinating changes in central nervous system were associated findings.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1976

Detection and characterization of differences in plasma corticoid response to treatments.

Ten experiments involving 3013 observations and 103 animals were studied to characterize variation associated with bovine plasma corticoid concentrations (ng/ml). Total corticoids, corticosterone, or cortisol were measured by competitve protein binding assay. Animals were noncystic or cystic, and measurements were made to establish basal concentrations or to estimate response to stimulation by adrenocorticotrophic hormone injection. Data were analyzed by least squares with the nested model: treatment regimen, animal in treatment, sample in animal in treatment, and sampling time to the highest order of regression (up to seventh) which was statistically significant (P less than .05). Estimates of error variances ranged from .31 for basal cortisol in cystic animals to 233.27 for total corticoids in noncystic, stimulated animals. Coefficients of variation among experiments ranged from 33 to 87% with mean 61%. In most analyses, estimates of experimental error were large indicating need for careful attention to experimental design to insure efficient least-cost experimentation. Use of the power function for nested analysis of variance to accomplish this is demonstrated.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗