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PubMed2004

A submission model for use in the indexing, searching, and retrieval of distributed pathology case and tissue specimens.

This paper describes the Shared Pathology Informatics Network (SPIN) submission model for uploading de-identified XML annotations of pathology case and specimen information to a distributed peer-to-peer network architecture. SPIN use cases, architecture, and technologies, as well as pathology information design is described. With the architecture currently in use by six member institutions, SPIN appears to be a viable, secure methodology to submit pathology information for query and specimen retrieval by investigators

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2005

Cochrane systematic reviews in acupuncture: methodological diversity in database searching.

BACKGROUND: Since the early 1970s, the efficacy of acupuncture for treating clinical conditions has been evaluated in several hundred randomized trials. Results from these trials have been synthesized in systematic reviews. A well-designed systematic review provides the highest level of evidence for establishing the efficacy of a clinical intervention. OBJECTIVES: The present study assesses the source of original literature contributing to Cochrane reviews on acupuncture. Databases searched to retrieve original studies are evaluated. The distribution of controlled trials in acupuncture across different topic areas and journals, the ability of the reviews to provide conclusive results, and the proportion of original studies indexed with MEDLINE are evaluated. METHODS: Systematic reviews on acupuncture were extracted from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The key search term used was "acupuncture." When more than one systematic review was retrieved on the same topic, the most recent review was included. Indexing of individual clinical trials with MEDLINE was searched using the Single Citation Matcher in PubMed. RESULTS: A total of 94 papers were retrieved from the Cochrane database, of which 10 were included in the analysis. The most common subject areas were related to chronic pain. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in the number of databases searched (median 5, range 3-12). A total of 69% (74/108) papers were indexed with PubMed. Only 13% (14/108) of the papers were published in the primary acupuncture journals. Conclusive statements about the efficacy of acupuncture were made in only 2 of the 10 systematic reviews. CONCLUSIONS: Considerable methodological diversity exists in the comprehensiveness of database searches for Cochrane systematic reviews on acupuncture. This diversity makes the reviews prone to bias and adds another layer of complexity in interpreting the acupuncture literature.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2002

An assessment of the visibility of MeSH-indexed medical web catalogs through search engines.

Manually indexed Internet health catalogs such as CliniWeb or CISMeF provide resources for retrieving high-quality health information. Users of these quality-controlled subject gateways are most often referred to them by general search engines such as Google, AltaVista, etc. This raises several questions, among which the following: what is the relative visibility of medical Internet catalogs through search engines? This study addresses this issue by measuring and comparing the visibility of six major, MeSH-indexed health catalogs through four different search engines (AltaVista, Google, Lycos, Northern Light) in two languages (English and French). Over half a million queries were sent to the search engines; for most of these search engines, according to our measures at the time the queries were sent, the most visible catalog for English MeSH terms was CliniWeb and the most visible one for French MeSH terms was CISMeF.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Indexing scheme and similarity measures for macromolecular sequences.

Nucleotide composition and distribution along a DNA sequence is known to play a vital role in the determination of gene functions. Protein coding regions, regulatory sequences, and other functional regions are determined generally by homology studies with comparable genes from other species or specific experimental verification. With the rapid and explosive increase in sequence information, new computational techniques for rapid determination of such information and comparative studies of different genes are becoming necessary which ideally should encompass not only DNA sequences but other macromolecular sequences as well.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2006

[Scientific output in the collective health area: journal profile and evaluation by Capes].

Collective Health is characteristically a broad and complex field of study, presenting itself as a major challenge for the evaluation process carried out by Capes. The aim of the present work was to provide a panorama of postgraduate education in the field of collective health and to discuss aspects of the criteria adopted for its evaluation. The evaluation of postgraduate programs is carried out on a yearly basis. For this, program structure, its academic staff and students, research and teaching activities, theses and dissertations, and intellectual production are taken into account. The evaluation of the latter has been subject of criticism for favoring the publication of papers and for basing ranking of production on journal indexing and impact factors. Despite criticisms and reservations towards the evaluation process, the analysis of the Brazilian scientific production, in general and in the case of Collective Health, shows a very positive scenario, with an important increase in the number of postgraduate courses, teachers, and students. Thus, the panorama of postgraduate programs is favorable, but continuously rethinking and perfecting the evaluation process is essential to guarantee its contribution to the growth and strengthening of the system.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1992

Medicare program; revision of the Medicare Economic Index--HCFA. Final rule.

Before January 1, 1992, Medicare payments for physicians' services under Part B were limited by the Medicare Economic Index (MEI), which capped prevailing charges. Beginning January 1, 1992, Medicare payments for physicians' services under Part B are made based on a fee schedule. Annual updates to the conversion factor used in establishing the physician fee schedule are based in part on the MEI. This final rule revises the method used to calculate the MEI to more accurately reflect year-to-year price changes affecting the cost of providing physicians' services, thus ensuring appropriate adjustment of Medicare payments.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1999

A randomized double-blind controlled trial of automated term dissection.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of an automated mechanism for term dissection to represent the semantic dependencies within a compositional expression, with the accuracy of a practicing Internist to perform this same task. We also compare the results of four evaluators to determine the inter-observer variability and the variance between term sets, with respect to the accuracy of the mappings and the consistency of the failure analysis. METHODS: 500 terms, which required a compositional expression to effect an exact match, were randomly distributed into two sets of 250 terms (Set A and Set B). Set A was dissected using the Automated Term Dissection (ATD) Algorithm. A physician specializing in Internal Medicine dissected set B. He had no prior knowledge of the dissection algorithm or how it functioned. In this manuscript, the authors use Human Term Dissection (HTD) to refer to this method. Set A was randomized to two sets of 125 terms (Set A1 and Set A2). Set B was randomized to two sets of 125 terms (Set B1 and Set B2). A new set of 250 terms Set C was created from Set A1 and Set B2. A second new set of 250 terms Set D was created from Set A2 and Set B1. Two expert Indexers reviewed Set C and another two expert Indexers reviewed Set D. They were blinded to which terms were dissected by the clinician and which terms were dissected by the automated term dissection algorithm. The person providing the files for review to the Indexers was also unaware of which terms were dissected by ATD vs. the HTD method. The Indexers recorded whether or not the dissection was the best possible representation of the input concept. If not, a failure analysis was conducted. They recorded whether or not the dissection was in error and if so was a modifier not subsumed or was a Kernel concept subsumed when it should not have been. If a concept was missing, the Indexers recorded whether it was a Kernel concept, a modifier, a qualifier or a negative qualifier. RESULTS: The ATD method was judged to be accurate and readable in 265 out of the 424 terms with adequate content (62.7%). The HTD method was judged to be accurate in 272 out of 414 terms with adequate content (65.7%). There was no statistically significant difference between the rates of acceptability of the ATD and HTD methods (p = 0.33). There was a non-significant trend toward greater acceptability of the ATD method in the subgroup of terms with three or more compositional elements. ATD was acceptable in 53.6% of the terms where the HTD was only acceptable in 43.6% (p = 0.11). The failure analysis showed that both methods misrepresented kernel concepts and modifiers much more commonly than qualifiers (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There is no statistically significant difference in the accuracy and readability of terms dissected using the automated term dissection method when compared with human term dissection, as judged by four expert medical indexers. There is a non-significant trend toward improved performance of the ATD method in the subset of more complex terms. The authors submit that this may be due to a tendency for users to be less compulsive when the time to complete the task is long. Automated term dissection is a useful and perhaps preferable method for representing readable and accurate compound terminological expressions.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphology of demyelination plaques vs cognitive and emotional disorders in multiple sclerosis patients].

The interrelationship between psychological examination and MRI findings was studied in 70 patients with MS. The cognitive and emotional functions were examined by a battery of tests: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Visual Retention Test, Hamilton Depression Scale. In MRI examination the localization, area, and the morphology of the plaques were examined. According to plaque's morphology the patients were divided into two groups: with confluent plaques and those with patchy-shaped ones. The signs of dementia were found significantly more frequently in the group with confluent plaques (p. < 0.04). In this group of patients also single-function disorders like disturbances of verbal memory, attention, visual memory, cause- and effect thinking, abstract thinking, and visual-motor coordination were significantly more frequent (p. < 0.01). In the same group the signs of fatigue syndrome were more frequently encountered (p. < 0.02). The authors conclude that the disturbances found in cognitive function may reflect the symptoms of subcortical dementia in MS patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Prehospital 12-lead electrocardiography impact on acute myocardial infarction treatment times and mortality: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: Prehospital 12-lead electrocardiogram (PHECG) interpretation and advance emergency department (ED) notification may improve time-to-treatment intervals for a variety of treatment strategies to improve outcome in acute myocardial infarction. Despite consensus guidelines recommending this intervention, few emergency medical services (EMS) employ this. The authors systematically reviewed the literature to report whether mortality or treatment time intervals improved when compared with standard care. METHODS: The authors used the Cochrane strategy to search MEDLINE, EMBASE, Current Contents, Dissertation Abstracts, Cochrane Library, and Index of Scientific and Technical Proceedings. Bibliographies and grant-agency Websites were reviewed, and primary investigators and industry were contacted for published and unpublished studies. Inclusion criteria included PHECG and advance ED notification versus standard EMS care; controlled trials; English only; and evaluation of treatment time intervals, all-cause mortality, or both. Study selection was hierarchical, blinded, and independent. Agreement at each level of review was evaluated by using a kappa statistic. Study quality was measured with a validated scale and was interpreted by two independent reviewers. RESULTS: A total of 1,283 citations were identified, and five studies met the inclusion criteria. The weighted kappa for selection was 0.61 (standard error [SE], 0.045) for titles, 0.63 (SE, 0.051) for abstracts, and 0.79 (SE, 0.146) for full articles. Mean study quality measures by two independent reviewers were 6.0/15 and 5.5/15 (correlation coefficient, 0.85; p = 0.06). PHECG and advance ED notification increased the weighted mean on-scene time by 1.2 minutes (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = -0.84 to 3.2). The weighted mean door-to-needle interval was shortened by 36.1 minutes (95% CI = 9.3 to 63.0: range of means, 22-48 minutes vs. 50-97 minutes). One study reported all-cause mortality, with a statistically nonsignificant reduction from 15.6% to 8.4%. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with AMI, the literature would suggest that PHECG and advanced ED notification reduces in hospital time to fibrinolysis. One controlled trial found no difference in mortality with this out-of-hospital intervention.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed2004

The preferred timing of second-trimester obstetric sonography based on maternal body mass index.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the preferred timing of sonographic screening of fetal anatomy based on the maternal body mass index (BMI). METHODS: We abstracted the sonographic reports of 2,303 gravidas undergoing routine fetal anatomic screening between 15 and 24 weeks' gestation to determine the completeness of the study. Height and weight information was available on 1444 patients. The maternal BMI (weight [kilograms]/height [square meters]) was categorized as underweight (<19.8), normal weight (19.8-26.0), overweight (26.1-29.0), and obese (>29.0). Completion rates were compared by chi(2) analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate for independent predictors of a completed study. RESULTS: Except for underweight women, completion rates for all BMI categories were significantly higher when the sonographic examinations were performed between 18 weeks and 19 weeks 6 days compared with those performed between 15 weeks and 17 weeks 6 days. Body mass index, estimated gestational age, and black race were independent predictors of a completed study. CONCLUSIONS: Except in underweight women, the 18- to 20-week interval appears to be superior to the 15- to 18-week interval when performing sonographic screening of the fetal anatomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Journals indexed by the AHA Resource Center for Hospital Literature Index and HEALTH database.

The American Hospital Association (AHA) Resource Center indexes journals for the Health Planning and Administration (HEALTH) database and Hospital Literature Index (HLI). These journals, designated special list health journals, are selected to provide access to a wide and balanced coverage of hospital and health care administration and health policy literature. This article provides background information on HEALTH and HLI and describes special list health journals in detail (including historical information, information sources, and broad subject divisions). It also discusses AHA policies relating to journal and article selection and current subject distribution of special list health journals.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1990

Reorganization and merging of the EMBL and GenBank keyword indexes in a tree structure for more efficient retrieval of nucleic acid sequences.

EMBL and GenBank keyword indexes have no hierarchical structure. In this paper we present a method for merging and reorganizing them in a tree structure whose primary roots are the keywords 'protein', 'DNA', 'RNA', and 'unclassified'. Synonymous keywords have been grouped together and erroneous keywords have been corrected. This taxonomic organization of keywords results in a more extensive and efficient retrieval which is further aided by "synonyms declaration". The tree has been produced using the computer programs GENPOINT and CREANET.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2001

A design and prototype for a decision-support system in the field of urinary tract infections--application of OpenGALEN techniques for indexing medical information.

Differences in expert and end-user contexts may be detrimental to the use of decision-support systems. A way to attend to this problem is to triangulate decision-support methods and information sources such as in the case of the expertext system model. To organize the information contained in the system, a common domain model is suggested as a instrument for annotating information. In this paper, a design and a prototype for a decision-support system in the field of urinary tract infections using techniques and methods developed in the GALEN projects is presented.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1993

[Dutch psychiatry and the 'Citation Index'].

All regular articles in Archives of General Psychiatry, American Journal of Psychiatry, British Journal of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine from 1988 through 1992 were counted and classified according to the country of the first author. 445 articles (II% of the total number) originated in other countries than the U.S.A., Canada, the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth countries Australia and New Zealand. The Netherlands had the biggest share (48 articles). After correction for population figure the Netherlands were third, after Ireland and Israel. The basis for research in Dutch psychiatry, however, is probably rather narrow, as only few institutes contributed.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vocational Rehabilitation Index assessment of rehabilitation medicine service patients.

Only a minority of working-age patients referred to rehabilitation medicine services return to work, but could more be helped? A first step is identifying those potentially able to do so. This paper describes the retrospective application of the Vocational Rehabilitation Index (VRI) to 223 patients of working age and with various diagnoses referred to one rehabilitation medicine service. The VRI discriminates between patients who return to work and those who do not, as well as between groups with apparently differing degrees of need for vocational rehabilitation assistance. It also has good face validity. Results suggest that it is feasible to apply the VRI in rehabilitation medicine settings and that further prospective evaluation and practical applications should be undertaken.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2005

A simplified search strategy for identifying randomised controlled trials for systematic reviews of health care interventions: a comparison with more exhaustive strategies.

BACKGROUND: It is generally believed that exhaustive searches of bibliographic databases are needed for systematic reviews of health care interventions. The CENTRAL database of controlled trials (RCTs) has been built up by exhaustive searching. The CONSORT statement aims to encourage better reporting, and hence indexing, of RCTs. Our aim was to assess whether developments in the CENTRAL database, and the CONSORT statement, mean that a simplified RCT search strategy for identifying RCTs now suffices for systematic reviews of health care interventions. METHODS: RCTs used in the Cochrane reviews were identified. A brief RCT search strategy (BRSS), consisting of a search of CENTRAL, and then for variants of the word random across all fields (random$.af.) in MEDLINE and EMBASE, was devised and run. Any trials included in the meta-analyses, but missed by the BRSS, were identified. The meta-analyses were then re-run, with and without the missed RCTs, and the differences quantified. The proportion of trials with variants of the word random in the title or abstract was calculated for each year. The number of RCTs retrieved by searching with "random$.af." was compared to the highly sensitive search strategy (HSSS). RESULTS: The BRSS had a sensitivity of 94%. It found all journal RCTs in 47 of the 57 reviews. The missing RCTs made some significant differences to a small proportion of the total outcomes in only five reviews, but no important differences in conclusions resulted. In the post-CONSORT years, 1997-2003, the percentage of RCTs with random in the title or abstract was 85%, a mean increase of 17% compared to the seven years pre-CONSORT (95% CI, 8.3% to 25.9%). The search using random$.af. reduced the MEDLINE retrieval by 84%, compared to the HSSS, thereby reducing the workload of checking retrievals. CONCLUSION: A brief RCT search strategy is now sufficient to locate RCTs for systematic reviews in most cases. Exhaustive searching is no longer cost-effective, because in effect it has already been done for CENTRAL.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1991

Measuring input prices for physicians: the revised Medicare Economic Index.

Medicare payments for physician services under Part B were historically restrained by capping prevailing charges using the Medicare Economic Index (MEI). The MEI, an input price index for physician services that incorporates an adjustment for economywide labor productivity, has not undergone a major revision since 1975. The MEI is an important determinant of the annual volume performance standard that will be used to set aggregate increases in the revised system for paying physicians under Medicare beginning in 1992. The MEI will also be used in establishing the annual changes to the payment conversion factors under the new payment system.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2000

Automated indexing for full text information retrieval.

We report our experience with a statistically based method of generating sentence-level indexing based on identified UMLS concepts and query and vector-space models. We evaluated the system using the consensus markup of two domain experts as the gold standard. UMLS concepts identified both from HTML headings and in paragraph text were valuable in proposing markup. Using both sources of concepts, the model proposed the correct set of concepts in the form of a query prototype 71% of the time. The correct query prototype was ranked first or second in 79% of cases.

Abstracting and Indexing↗