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PubMed2004

[Alcohol dependence, temper and personality].

This review focuses on classical and recent research work in the field of alcohol dependence. Data from psychopathological studies trying to determine a "pre-addictive" personality are exposed. More recent studies assess personality disorders and dimensions of temperament associated to alcohol dependence. Sensation seeking, antisocial personality and novelty seeking appear as the main psychological parameters involved in dependence. Sensation seeking is a dimension of personality often associated to behavioral dependence. Sensation seeking is assessed with a five-component scale including general factor, thrill and adventure seeking, experience-seeking, disinhibition, and boredom susceptibility. Patients presenting alcohol dependence have a higher level of sensation seeking. Neurophysiological and genetic studies try to correlate these personality features to biological parameters. Preliminary results of these works are presented and discussed.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2005

Parallel tempering simulations of the 13-center Lennard-Jones dipole-dipole cluster (muD=0-->0.5 a.u.).

We investigate the thermodynamic behavior of the thirteen center uniform Lennard-Jones dipole-dipole cluster [(LJDD)(13)] for a wide range of dipole moment strengths. We find a relatively wide range of potential parameters where solid-solid coexistence manifests itself. Using structural characterization methods we determine the shape of the few isomers that contribute to the solid-solid coexistence region. The thermal distributions of the size of the net dipole moment are broad even at the coldest temperatures of the simulation where the (LJDD)(13) cluster is solid.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Introns and intein coding sequence in the ribonucleotide reductase genes of Bacillus subtilis temperate bacteriophage SPbeta.

The two putative ribonucleotide reductase subunits of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPbeta are encoded by the bnrdE and bnrdF genes that are highly similar to corresponding host paralogs, located on the opposite replication arm. In contrast to their bacterial counterparts, bnrdE and bnrdF each are interrupted by a group I intron, efficiently removed in vivo by mRNA processing. The bnrdF intron contains an ORF encoding a polypeptide similar to homing endonucleases responsible for intron mobility, whereas the bnrdE intron has no obvious trace of coding sequence. The downstream bnrdE exon harbors an intervening sequence not excised at the level of the primary transcript, which encodes an in-frame polypeptide displaying all the features of an intein. Presently, this is the only intein identified in bacteriophages. In addition, bnrdE provides an example of a group I intron and an intein coding sequence within the same gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

The protelomerase of temperate Escherichia coli phage N15 has cleaving-joining activity.

Escherichia coli phage N15 encodes the slightly acidic, 630-residue protein of 72.2 kDa called protelomerase (TelN). TelN is a component of the N15 replication system proposed to be involved in the generation of the linear prophage DNA. This linear DNA molecule has covalently closed ends. The reaction converting circular plasmids into linear molecules was catalyzed in vitro. We demonstrate that the product of telN functions as the protelomerase in the absence of other N15-encoded factors. Purified TelN processes circular and linear plasmid DNA containing the proposed target site telRL to produce linear double-stranded DNA with covalently closed ends. The 56-bp telRL target site consists of a central telO palindrome of 22 bp and two 14-bp flanking sequences comprising inverted repeats. telO is separated from these repeats by 3 bp on each side. The telRL sequence is sufficient for TelN-mediated processing. The ends of the DNA molecules generated in vitro have the same configuration as do those observed in vivo. TelN exerts its activity as cleaving-joining enzyme in a concerted action.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Modular structure of the receptor binding proteins of Lactococcus lactis phages. The RBP structure of the temperate phage TP901-1.

Lactococcus lactis is a gram-positive bacterium widely used by the dairy industry. Several industrial L. lactis strains are sensitive to various distinct bacteriophages. Most of them belong to the Siphoviridae family and comprise several species, among which the 936 and P335 are prominent. Members of these two phage species recognize their hosts through the interaction of their receptor-binding protein (RBP) with external cell wall saccharidices of the host, the "receptors." We report here the 1.65 A resolution crystal structure of the RBP from phage TP901-1, a member of the P335 species. This RBP of 163 amino acids is a homotrimer comprising three domains: a helical N terminus, an interlaced beta-prism, and a beta-barrel, the head domain (residues 64-163), which binds a glycerol molecule. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that the RBP exhibits high affinity for glycerol, muramyl-dipeptide, and other saccharides in solution. The structural comparison of this RBP with that of lactococcal phage p2 RBP, a member of the 936 species (Spinelli, S., Desmyter, A., Verrips, C. T., de Haard, J. W., Moineau, S., and Cambillau, C. (2006) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 13, 85-89) suggests a large extent of modularity in RBPs of lactococcal phages.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Temperate phages in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium: implications for epidemiology.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is the most common Salmonella serovar isolated from humans in Australia. The most common definitive phage types (DT) include 9, 64 and 135. Induction of lysogenic phages from DT 64 with mitomycin C followed by cesium chloride gradient purification, resulted in separation of two populations of phage particles. DNA extracted from these particles that was digested with SmaI showed two distinct patterns of banding. Transmission electron microscopy showed that both phage particles belong to the podovirus family of the C1 morphotype. One of the phages, ST64T is capable of mediating both generalized transduction and bacteriophage type conversion. Crude phage lysate induced from S. Typhimurium DT 64 was capable of phage type conversion. S. Typhimurium DT 9 was converted to DT 64 and DT 135 was converted to DT 16. S. Typhimurium DT 41 was also converted to DT 29. Amplified-fragment length polymorphism revealed differences between the original isolates and the convertants. Phage type conversion raises the question of the stability of the bacterial phage types in natural settings and the possibility of its occurrence during an outbreak scenario.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Climate warming and disease risks in temperate regions--Argulus coregoni and Diplostomum spathaceum as case studies.

The link between climate changes and disease risks from various pathogens has been increasingly recognized. The effect of climatic factors on host-parasite population dynamics is particularly evident in northern latitudes where the occurrence and transmission of parasites are strongly regulated by seasonality-driven changes in environmental temperatures. Shortened winter periods would increase growth potential of many parasite populations. The ways in which climate warming could affect life history dynamics of the directly transmitted crustacean ectoparasite Argulus coregoni and complex life cycle trematode Diplostomum spathaceum, which frequently cause problems in northern fish farming, are discussed. Increased problems for fish farming are predicted in terms of increased infection pressure from these parasites in future. This would increase problems associated with infections and increase the use of expensive management protocols with high environmental impact.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Carcinogenic higher plant metabolites in the human diet in temperate countries: a review.

Interest has increased recently in the possible human carcinogenic effects of plant metabolites in the diet. Some psoralens, some pyrrolizidine alkaloids and 'bracken carcinogen' may be dietary carcinogens, the latter two via contamination of food products from animals ingesting toxic plants. With the exception of 'bracken carcinogen', the structures of these compounds have been established. Further research to quantify the levels of these compounds in foodstuffs and to correlate these with the amounts of the compounds having toxic effects in laboratory animals would be valuable. Epidemiological studies on critical-intake consumer groups would also be of value in defining the hazard, if any, the presence of these compounds in the diet poses to the consumer.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anger management and temper control: critical components of posttraumatic stress disorder and substance abuse treatment.

Recent studies have shown associations among combat experience, PTSD, anger and hostility, and involvement in violence. Clinical observations of veterans enrolled in the Substance Use/Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Team (SUPT) program at the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center revealed relatively high levels of anger and aggressive behavior, including physical assaults and property damage. In response to this anger and aggressive behavior, an anger management treatment was added to the SUPT program's treatment of substance abuse and PTSD. Anger management consisted of a 12-week cognitive-behavioral group treatment. Session topics included identifying the physical, emotional, and situational cues to anger, developing individualized anger-control plans, recognizing and altering destructive self-talk, utilizing time-out, practicing conflict resolution techniques, and using the group to discuss and evaluate high-risk anger situations. Special attention was given to self-monitoring anger-escalating behavior (using an anger meter) and avoiding negative consequences. This article describes the components of the anger management treatment. A clinical vignette is also presented to illustrate the benefits of anger management treatment.

Anger↗
PubMed2003

Temporal and spatial patterns in recruitment and succession of a temperate marine fouling assemblage: a comparison of static panels and boat hulls during the boating season.

Protection against biofouling is essential for efficient operation of boats and ships. Restrictions on the use of traditional, toxic antifouling coatings call for new less toxic methods. Future antifouling strategies will likely be based on more specific action against dominant foulers and will require more detailed information about spatial and temporal differences in fouling communities on artificial substrates. In this study, the recruitment and succession of fouling organisms was examined on artificial (PMMA) panels exposed to natural flow speeds on the Skagerrak coast (Sweden). The recruitment of foulers on static panels was then compared to fouling allowed to develop on boat hulls in surveys of new nontoxic coatings. The temporal and spatial variation in recruitment was examined on a monthly interval within the boating season, from May-September. Furthermore, the succession of the fouling community was examined during the same interval. A total of 12 sessile invertebrate species was recorded on the static panels with dominant foulers being the barnacle Balanus improvisus (July-September) and the mussel Mytilus edulis (June-August). The mean abundance during peak settlement on panels after 1 month's deployment was 370 +/- 134 individuals dm-2 for B. improvisus and 340 +/- 415 individuals dm-2 for M. edulis. The succession of foulers on the panels led to a dominance of M. edulis (maximum of 7470 +/- 2830 individuals dm-2) over B. improvisus (maximum of 2295 +/- 680 individuals dm-2). This was in contrast to the fouling development on boat hulls, examined after 4 months exposure in 3 successive years, where B. improvisus was the dominant species (mean abundance 222 +/- 104 and maximum 713 +/- 527 individuals dm-2). Some boats were covered to an extent of almost 100% by B. improvisus with only a few M. edulis (mean abundance 20 +/- 16). The biomass of fouling on boat hulls varied from average dry weights of 1.3 +/- 1 to 13 +/- 5 g dm-2. These results show that extrapolation from static panels (common in evaluation of antifouling performance) to fouling on boat hulls may be problematic.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

An assessment of aquatic ecosystem health in a temperate watershed using the index of biological integrity.

The health effect of an aquatic ecosystem on habitat modifications were evaluated in the Keum river watershed, Korea during 1977-1996 using the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) based on fish assemblages. Values of IBI, based on overall sites, averaged 35 (range: 26-45, n = 38) before dam construction, indicating a "fair health condition" based on the modified criteria of Karr and Chu (Karr, J.R.; Chu, E.W. Restoring Life in Running Waters: Better Biological Monitoring; Inland Press: Washington, DC, 1999; 206 pp.), while the values averaged 33 (range: 18-48, n = 15) after dam construction, indicating a similar ecosystem health condition in the IBI between the two periods. Marked modifications in the IBI, however, were partially observed along the longitudinal gradients from the headwaters to downstream along with variations of trophic compositions and habitat guilds. Annual mean of IBI showed significant decreases (p < 0.001, t = 10.03) in the mid-reach of 100-240 km location after the construction along with >20% decreases of insectivores and >25% increases of omnivores. Comparisons of habitat guilds indicated that the proportion of riffle benthic species declined linearly from 1977 to 1996 and had inverse relations (r = -0.78, p < 0.01) with that of water column species. Such variations were explained by serial discontinuity concept that was developed by Ward and Stanford (Ward, J.V.; Stanford, J.A. The serial discontinuity concept of lotic ecosystems. In Dynamics of Lotic Ecosystems; Fontaine, J.V., Bartell, S.M., Eds.; Ann Arbor Science: Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, 1983; 29-42). Chemical data of long-term BOD5 and COD5 indicated that chemical impacts after the dam construction were minor compared to the condition before the construction. Overall variation of IBI was highly accounted (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.91, n = 38) by the Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI), suggesting that the ecosystem health was mainly affected by the habitat modifications.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Oxygen consumption and osmoregulatory capacity in Neomysis integer reduce competition for resources among mysid shrimp in a temperate estuary.

Results of field surveys and laboratory measurements of oxygen consumption and body fluid osmolality at different salinities in the mysids Neomysis integer, Mesopodopsis slabberi, and Rhopalophthalmus mediterraneus from the Guadalquivir estuary (southwest Spain) were used to test the hypothesis that osmotic stress (oxygen consumption vs. isosmotic points) was lowest at salinities that field distributions suggest are optimal. The three species showed overlapping spatial distributions within the estuary but clear segregation along the salinity gradient: N. integer, M. slabberi, and R. mediterraneus displayed maximal densities at lower, intermediate, and higher salinities, respectively. Adults of N. integer were extremely efficient hyperregulators (isosmotic point 30 per thousand) over the full salinity range tested (3 per thousand-32 per thousand), and their oxygen consumption rates were independent of salinity; adults of M. slabberi were strong hyper- and hyporegulators at salinities between 7 per thousand and 29 per thousand (isosmotic point, 21 per thousand) and showed higher oxygen consumptions at the lowest salinity (6 per thousand); adults of R. mediterraneus hyperregulated at salinities between 19 per thousand and seawater (isosmotic point, 36 per thousand), with the lowest oxygen consumption at salinity around their isosmotic point (35 per thousand). Thus, the osmoregulation capabilities of M. slabberi and R. mediterraneus seem to determine the salinity ranges in which most of their adults live, but this is not so for adults of N. integer. Moreover, maximal field densities of M. slabberi (males and females) and R. mediterraneus (males) occur at the same salinities as the lowest oxygen consumption. In contrast, field distribution of N. integer was clearly biased toward the lower end of the salinity ranges within which it osmoregulated. We hypothesize that the greater euryhalinity of N. integer makes it possible for this species to avoid competition with R. mediterraneus by inhabiting the more stressful oligohaline zone.

Animals↗