Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “resource structure”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Economic contribution of rural children and the family fertility behavior: a rationale for high fertility in India.

"This paper aims at analysing the economic contribution of children and its effect on parental decisions. It is shown that, under conditions of [India's agricultural structure,] the children's contribution towards family resources is highly valued by parents, and this acts as an incentive to raise more...children. Thus, high fertility in rural areas of India can be justified in so far as the positive net economic contribution of children is highly valued by parents."

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Migration and socioeconomic changes in the community of Zoogocho, Oaxaca].

"This study of migration and the socioeconomic dynamics of the community of Zoogocho in the state of Oaxaca [Mexico] is an example of what happens in rural areas when Indian-campesinos establish contacts with foreign parts. The penetration of alien socioeconomic and cultural values alters both family and communal structures to such an extent that available resources prove insufficient in competing with the colliding external society. This leads to increasingly more complex movements of the population, the manifestations, causes and consequences of which vary through time not only in the places of origin but also in destinations." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Americas↗
PubMed2005

Bridging the health gap in Uganda: the surgical role of the clinical officer.

INTRODUCTION: A scarcity of trained medical personnel impedes Uganda's ability to deliver healthcare effectively. The role of the Clinical Officer (CO) was established to assist the provision of primary healthcare to rural communities. METHODS: Twenty COs, attending a clinical course, responded to a structured questionnaire to determine their local investigative resources, the cases encountered by them in the two-week period preceding the course and the surgical and obstetric procedures that they felt able to perform. RESULTS: The majority of respondents did not have access to biochemical or radiological investigations. Fifty-five percent had access to basic haematology and urine microscopy. The majority of the case-mix encountered by the COs was medical (median 60 %) but they also encountered a proportion of surgical (median 12.5 %) and obstetric cases (median 15 %). COs felt confident in performing routine obstetric procedures as well as offering basic wound and surgical infection management. CONCLUSION: COs already provide a vital role in the delivery of healthcare in Uganda. Their surgical role could be augmented through further education and training. This might help to bridge the gap between overwhelming demand for medical services and a scant supply of trained personnel.

Community Health Workers↗
PubMed2006

[Biological characteristics of alien plants successful invasion].

How the traits of invasive plants determine their invasiveness is one of the major issues in invasion biology. Invasive plants usually have higher ability of adaptation, reproduction and dispersal, and thus, make them exploit a great diversity of habitats. Phenotypic plasticity and genetic differentiation are the two major strategies that alien invasive plants can adapt habitat heterogeneity. The polymorphism of invasive plants and the diversity of their dispersal way enable them occupying invaded habitat quickly, and dispersing with a far range. The breeding strategies that agamogenesis and amphigenesis can coexist and trade off according to the habitat and invasive stage can not only promote the invasive population erupted massively, but also directly affect the dispersal mechanism and regulate the genetic structure of the population. Efficient competition of resource utilization and interfering competition based on allelopathy make invasive plants more invasively.

Competitive Behavior↗
PubMed2006

[Advances in caffeoylquinic acid research].

This paper reviewed updated research progresses of caffeoylquinic acids both in phytochemical and pharmacological aspects. The resources, distribution as well as the chemical structures of monocaffeoylquinic acids, dicaffeoylquinic acids, tricaffeoylquinic acids and multicaffeoylquinic acids are conclusively analyzed. The reviewed pharmacological investigations indicated that the caffeoylquinic acids exhibited significant activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, enzyme inhibition, hypatoprotective and anti-PAF effects. The broad distribution and the remarkably pharmacological activities of these natural phenolic acids indicated their potential in the discovery and development of new natural drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Plasticity in algae.

Unicellular planktonic algae show considerable developmental plasticity in relation to mean cell size and the fraction of the cell volume occupied by various organelles. Changes in cell size and composition in relation to variations in the supply of light and nutrient solutes have been partially characterized with respect to the signals which regulate the changes, and in terms of the possible significance of the changes in maximizing growth rate under different resource-limited conditions. Less is known of the mechanisms by which the signals lead to the observed phenotypic effects. Multicellular attached macroalgae, whether acellular or multicellular, rhizophytic or haptophytic, have greater scope for phenotypic modification of morphology than do microalgae, in addition to the possibility of biochemical (compositional) changes. In addition to biochemical changes in response to variations in the ratio of availability of various resources (photons, N, P) there are also structural changes; significant here is the increased occurrence of (often colourless) hairs in haptophytes and (probably) of enhanced rhizoid development in rhizophytes. Many of the changes in morphology and physiology of macroalgae in response to changes in photon and nutrient supply have analogies in the behaviour of vascular plants (especially of aquatic vascular plants).

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1976

Comparative costs to the Medicare program of seven prepaid group practices and controls.

This research was conducted in order to compare costs to the Medicare program for providing health care service to old people enrolled in two forms of health delivery organization: open market and prepaid group practice (pgp). Two data sources were employed: cost data provided by the Social Security Administration for seven prepaid group practices in five SMSAs and northern California and interviews conducted with administrators of the prepaid groups to determine: organizational sponsorship, incentive structure, pattern of selectivity of patients, and resource availability. Major findings are: (1) Enrollees in prepaid groups incur higher physician costs. This includes services provided by practitioners in and outside the plans. (2) Overall, prepaid groups demonstrate savings to the Medicare program in provider-initiated services- in hospital care and extended care facility services, but not in home health care. (3) Reduced spending in the hospital component does not imply reduction in the extended care facility or home service. (4) Outpatient costs in the hospital are generally higher in the open market modes, probably because this mode of care is viewed as an alternative to physician visits. (5) The greatest cost savings to the Medicare program are demonstrated by groups which are relatively small, yet hospital-based.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interactive consulting: maximizing your consultant dollar.

Today's health care environment demands that executives ensure efficacious use of all resources. Consulting dollars are maximized when a structured analysis is used to establish a thorough foundation for the consultation.

Consultants↗
PubMed1993

Participatory action-research for health.

Participatory action-research, developed primarily by peoples of the Third World, combines adult education with investigation and sociopolitical action. With the goal of personal and social transformation it builds on the capacity of people to think and work together for a better life and the equitable sharing of knowledge, skills and resources so as to support fair social structures, which, ultimately, are health determinants.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1983

[A new concept for the training of odontological human resources].

This article describes different aspects, and particularly those of the academic-administrative structure of the Dentistry Program in the Health Sciences Faculty of Universidad Católica "Madre y Maestra," in the Dominican Republic. It presents a general account of the University's approach to the problems of health, and of the events leading up to the establishing of the Program, the basis on which this was done, the theoretical framework in which the curriculum is embedded, and the methodological principles applied. It also gives a detailed description of the curriculum, including the general and specific objectives, the structure and organization, and the modules comprised in each academic year. Finally, the teaching-learning, service, and research activities, and an account of the resources available for the conduct of the Program are reviewed in brief.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2003

Prediction of reactive hazards based on molecular structure.

There is considerable interest in prediction of reactive hazards based on chemical structure. Calorimetric measurements to determine reactivity can be resource consuming, so computational methods to predict reactivity hazards present an attractive option. This paper reviews some of the commonly employed theoretical hazard evaluation techniques, including the oxygen-balance method, ASTM CHETAH, and calculated adiabatic reaction temperature (CART). It also discusses the development of a study table to correlate and predict calorimetric properties of pure compounds. Quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) based on quantum mechanical calculations can be employed to correlate calorimetrically measured onset temperatures, T(o), and energies of reaction, -deltaH, with molecular properties. To test the feasibility of this approach, the QSPR technique is used to correlate differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) data, T(o) and -deltaH, with molecular properties for 19 nitro compounds.

Calorimetry↗
PubMed1989

A methodology for resource allocation in health care for South Africa. Part I. Rationale and prerequisites.

A strategy for the equitable allocation of health care resources is needed in South Africa. The existing health administrative structures are obstacles to achieving this goal. An attempt is made to describe a framework in which the prerequisites for the equitable allocation of resources are a major restructuring of health services into a number of regional health authorities in a unified health service, and to establish a formula which is adapted from the RAWP (Resource Allocation Working Party) model used in the UK.

Health Care Rationing↗
PubMed2006

AgBase: a unified resource for functional analysis in agriculture.

Analysis of functional genomics (transcriptomics and proteomics) datasets is hindered in agricultural species because agricultural genome sequences have relatively poor structural and functional annotation. To facilitate systems biology in these species we have established the curated, web-accessible, public resource 'AgBase' (www.agbase.msstate.edu). We have improved the structural annotation of agriculturally important genomes by experimentally confirming the in vivo expression of electronically predicted proteins and by proteogenomic mapping. Proteogenomic data are available from the AgBase proteogenomics link. We contribute Gene Ontology (GO) annotations and we provide a two tier system of GO annotations for users. The 'GO Consortium' gene association file contains the most rigorous GO annotations based solely on experimental data. The 'Community' gene association file contains GO annotations based on expert community knowledge (annotations based directly from author statements and submitted annotations from the community) and annotations for predicted proteins. We have developed two tools for proteomics analysis and these are freely available on request. A suite of tools for analyzing functional genomics datasets using the GO is available online at the AgBase site. We encourage and publicly acknowledge GO annotations from researchers and provide an online mechanism for agricultural researchers to submit requests for GO annotations.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1999

Psychometric properties of a hurricane coping self-efficacy measure.

This brief report describes the psychometric properties of an instrument designed to measure Hurricane Coping Self-Efficacy (HCSE). Survivors of Hurricane Andrew (n = 165) and Hurricane Opal (n = 63) completed the HCSE and assessments of optimism, social support, distress, and resource loss. Principal components factor analyses revealed a unidimensional structure for the HCSE. Internal consistency of the HCSE was strong. In both samples, HCSE was positively associated with optimism and social support, but negatively associated with general psychological distress, trauma related distress, and resource loss. Finally, hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that the HCSE explained a significant amount of experimental variance for intrusive thoughts and avoidance after controlling for social support, lost resources, and optimism.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Avoidable perinatal deaths and the environment outside the health care system: a case study in a city in Greater Metropolitan Rio de Janeiro].

This paper focuses on the role of environmental factors external to the health care system in the occurrence of perinatal deaths in maternity hospitals belonging to the local health system in a city in Greater Metropolitan Rio de Janeiro in 1994. Elements from the political and administrative context that contribute to an understanding of the relationship between failures in health care and structural deficiencies in these maternity hospitals were divided into four groups of variables: distribution of resources, spatial and temporal factors, organizational and managerial features, and action by interest groups. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. The study concluded that poor performance in four groups of variables may have contributed to perinatal mortality: distribution of resources was insufficient to provide quality in health care, especially in private maternity hospitals; there was no formal or informal regional or hierarchical organization of obstetric care in the city; Ministry of Health guidelines were ignored in all four maternity hospitals, while in three of the hospitals there were no admissions procedures and delivery and fetal follow-up listed in their own rules; and the level of actual participation was low.

Brazil↗
PubMed2003

Competition in size-structured populations: mechanisms inducing cohort formation and population cycles.

In this paper we investigate the consequences of size-dependent competition among the individuals of a consumer population by analyzing the dynamic properties of a physiologically structured population model. Only 2 size-classes of individuals are distinguished: juveniles and adults. Juveniles and adults both feed on one and the same resource and hence interact by means of exploitative competition. Juvenile individuals allocate all assimilated energy into development and mature on reaching a fixed developmental threshold. The combination of this fixed threshold and the resource-dependent developmental rate, implies that the juvenile delay between birth and the onset of reproduction may vary in time. Adult individuals allocate all assimilated energy to reproduction. Mortality of both juveniles and adults is assumed to be inversely proportional to the amount of energy assimilated. In this setting we study how the dynamics of the population are influenced by the relative foraging capabilities of juveniles and adults. In line with results that we previously obtained in size-structured consumer-resource models with pulsed reproduction, population cycles primarily occur when either juveniles or adults have a distinct competitive advantage. When adults have a larger per capita feeding rate and are hence competitively superior to juveniles, population oscillations occur that are primarily induced by the fact that the duration of the juvenile period changes with changing food conditions. These cycles do not occur when the juvenile delay is a fixed parameter. When juveniles are competitively superior, two different types of population fluctuations can occur: (1) rapid, low-amplitude fluctuations having a period of half the juvenile delay and (2) slow, large-amplitude fluctuations characterized by a period, which is roughly equal to the juvenile delay. The analysis of simplified versions of the structured model indicates that these two types of oscillations also occur if mortality and/or development is independent of food density, i.e. in a situation with a constant juvenile developmental delay and a constant, food-independent background mortality. Thus, the oscillations that occur when juveniles are more competitive are induced by the juvenile delay per se. When juveniles exert a larger foraging pressure on the shared resource, maturation implies an increase not only in adult density, but also in food density and consequently fecundity. Our analysis suggests that this correlation in time between adult density and fecundity is crucial for the occurrence of population cycles when juveniles are competitively superior.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Structure and process components of trauma care services in emergency departments].

Increasing attention is being paid by staffs of hospitals and directors of our national health agencies to providing emergency medical services for trauma care. The results of a nationwide survey documenting the structure and process components of trauma care in all 24 acute care hospitals in Israel are presented. Although these hospitals provide 24-hour trauma service, there are no formal guidelines for required resources in emergency departments. The results show extreme interhospital variation in physical structure of trauma services and in manpower, protocols and critical resource. However, it is evident that the main focus for intervention in the quality of initial trauma care in hospitals in Israel, is to establish and implement organizational standards.

Emergency Service, Hospital↗
PubMed2001

Integration of cytogenetic landmarks into the draft sequence of the human genome.

We have placed 7,600 cytogenetically defined landmarks on the draft sequence of the human genome to help with the characterization of genes altered by gross chromosomal aberrations that cause human disease. The landmarks are large-insert clones mapped to chromosome bands by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Each clone contains a sequence tag that is positioned on the genomic sequence. This genome-wide set of sequence-anchored clones allows structural and functional analyses of the genome. This resource represents the first comprehensive integration of cytogenetic, radiation hybrid, linkage and sequence maps of the human genome; provides an independent validation of the sequence map and framework for contig order and orientation; surveys the genome for large-scale duplications, which are likely to require special attention during sequence assembly; and allows a stringent assessment of sequence differences between the dark and light bands of chromosomes. It also provides insight into large-scale chromatin structure and the evolution of chromosomes and gene families and will accelerate our understanding of the molecular bases of human disease and cancer.

Chromosome Aberrations↗