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PubMed2006

[Quantitative analysis of characteristic variations of the facial features of Crouzon syndrome].

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was 1) to obtain polygon data and individual parameters from facial photographs of Crouzon syndrome patients and general patients with malocclusion in order to synthesize facial images using a 3 D wire frame model, and 2) to distinguish between Crouzon syndrome patients and general patients with malocclusion using quantitative analysis of characteristic variations of facial features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The face images were prepared from standardized full-face photographs of 10 Crouzon patients (Crouzon group) and 10 general patients with malocclusion (General group). These facial images were fitted to the 3 D wire frame model and the polygon data were obtained. Following application of principal component analysis, the individual parameters of the standard face were considered to be individual feature parameters. Linear discriminant analysis using the individual feature parameters was applied to distinguish both groups, and the validity of this statistical method was estimated. Moreover, the discriminant rates of the parts of the face were calculated and compared to those of the full face. RESULTS: A discriminant rate of 90% was obtained. The application of individual feature parameters to facial features could be used to objectively distinguish between these two groups. The discriminant rates of the part of the face were lower than those of the full face. CONCLUSION: This method seemed to be effective for diagnosing congenital anomalies from facial features. Further research on other congenital anomalies would be necessary to apply this analysis as a new diagnostic step.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Quantitative analysis of the columnar arrangement of neurons in the human cingulate cortex.

The spatial organization of human cingulate (areas 24b, 23b, and 31) and pericingulate (areas 7 and 19) cortex was examined by using an image analyzer to measure characteristics of vertically oriented, translaminar columns of neurons in the cerebral cortex. Columns of 30-50 microns in diameter are hypothesized to be a general feature of cortical organization, but no quantitative analysis of different human cortical areas has been performed. Our results prove for the first time that a columnar organization was detectable in every area examined. The average width of cell columns was approximately 40 microns separated by a neuropil-rich fascicle of the same dimension. Because differences in the expression of a columnar organization were seen, the degree of columnization was subsequently expressed by a verticality index (VI) revealing specific changes in its dimension depending on the architectonic area. The VI was calculated by a linear combination of three variables derived from the measurement of cell density profiles in Nissl-stained sections at right angles to vertically oriented cell columns. Variables included the amplitude of profile peaks, the standard deviation of the width of those profile peaks, and the standard deviation of the distances between profile peaks. The index of verticality describes the deviation of a distinct area and layer from the mean degree of vertical organization of all cortical areas and layers examined. Thus, different degrees of columnar organization can be quantitatively described by the verticality index and can be used as criteria to characterize architectonic areas.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Quantitative analysis of localization and nuclear aggregate formation induced by GFP-lamin A mutant proteins in living HeLa cells.

Although A-type lamins are ubiquitously expressed, their role in the tissue-specificity of human laminopathies remains enigmatic. In this study, we generate a series of transfection constructs encoding missense lamin A mutant proteins fused to green fluorescent protein and investigate their subnuclear localization using quantitative live cell imaging. The mutant constructs used included the laminopathy-inducing lamin A rod domain mutants N195K, E358K, M371K, R386K, the tail domain mutants G465D, R482L, and R527P, and the Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome-causing deletion mutant, progerin (LaA delta50). All mutant derivatives induced nuclear aggregates, except for progerin, which caused a more lobulated phenotype of the nucleus. Quantitative analysis revealed that the frequency of nuclear aggregate formation was significantly higher (two to four times) for the mutants compared to the wild type, although the level of lamin fusion proteins within nuclear aggregates was not. The distribution of endogenous A-type lamins was altered by overexpression of the lamin A mutants, coexpression experiments revealing that aberrant localization of the N195K and R386K mutants had no effect on the subnuclear distribution of histones H2A or H2B, or on nuclear accumulation of H2A overexpressed as a DsRed2 fusion protein. The GFP-lamin fusion protein-expressing constructs will have important applications in the future, enabling live cell imaging of nuclear processes involving lamins and how this may relate to the pathogenesis of laminopathies.

Active Transport, Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed2000

Quantitative analysis of TIP47-receptor cytoplasmic domain interactions: implications for endosome-to-trans Golgi network trafficking.

TIP47 (tail-interacting protein of 47 kDa) binds to the cytoplasmic domains of the cation-independent and cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptors and is required for their transport from late endosomes to the trans Golgi network in vitro and in vivo. We report here a quantitative analysis of the interaction of recombinant TIP47 with mannose 6-phosphate receptor cytoplasmic domains. Recombinant TIP47 binds more tightly to the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (K(D) = 1 microm) than to the cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (K(D) = 3 microm). In addition, TIP47 fails to interact with the cytoplasmic domains of the hormone-processing enzymes, furin, phosphorylated furin, and metallocarboxypeptidase D, as well as the cytoplasmic domain of TGN38, proteins that are also transported from endosomes to the trans Golgi network. Although these proteins failed to bind TIP47, furin and TGN38 were readily recognized by the clathrin adaptor, AP-2. These data suggest that TIP47 recognizes a very select set of cargo molecules. Moreover, our data suggest unexpectedly that furin, TGN38, and carboxypeptidase D may use a distinct vesicular carrier and perhaps a distinct route for transport between endosomes and the trans Golgi network.

Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits↗
PubMed1985

Quantitative analysis of cell walls of nutritionally variant streptococci grown under various growth conditions.

Strains of nutritionally variant streptococci are usually isolated from patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis. Only recently have these strains been subdivided into three serotypes; however, no group-specific antigen has been described. To understand the immunochemical basis for the serology of these microorganisms as well as set the groundwork for adherence studies, quantitative analysis of the cell walls of nutritionally variant streptococci was undertaken. The bacteria were grown in semisynthetic medium or pyridoxal-supplemented Todd-Hewitt broth and harvested during the exponential or stationary phase. Cell walls were isolated and analyzed for amino sugars, sugars, polyalcohols, amino acids, and phosphorus by gas chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography, or colorimetric assays. The peptidoglycans of the cell walls of the prototype strains from the three serotypes were representative of other streptococcal cell walls, including the presence of alanine as the possible cross-bridge. The composition of the peptidoglycan was similar for all three strains and included a decreased concentration of peptidoglycan in their cell walls during the stationary phase. Glucosamine, glucose, galactose, ribitol, and a small amount of rhamnose were found in each of the cell wall polysaccharides. Galactosamine was only found in serotype II and III cell walls and might be responsible for the previously described cross-reaction between these strains. The concentration of the other sugars and amino sugars varied in each of the cell wall preparations, depending on the growth conditions. Finally, all three strains expressed both ribitol and phosphorus in their cell walls, characteristic of the presence of a ribitol teichoic acid. Therefore the cell wall composition of the nutritionally variant streptococci varies depending on the growth conditions, and their composition appears similar to that of strains of Streptococcus mitis.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed2006

Quantitative analysis of photon density of states for a realistic superlattice with omnidirectional light propagation.

Omnidirectional light propagation in a realistic superlattice is investigated. This work complements two previous articles [Phys. Rev. E 59, 3624 (1999); 61, 5802 (2000)] that analyzed the cases of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization modes, respectively, of the dielectric superlattice modeled by means of Dirac delta functions. We present a quantitative analysis of the transmission functions, the band structures, the equifrequency surfaces, and the photon density of states (PDOS) for both TE and TM modes of the real superlattice without any approximations on the given dielectric function profiles. One of the advantages is that the Brewster effect can be manifested via our approach. In addition, the modes corresponding to TM evanescent waves that are absent from the Dirac comb model can be predicted. Finally, the exact PDOS of the realistic superlattice for the TE and TM modes can be obtained, respectively. These results are relevant to the spontaneous emission by an atom or to dipole radiation in one-dimensional periodic structures.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Quantitative analysis of T2 signal intensities in Alzheimer's disease.

Hypointensities (focal areas of decreased signal intensity) have been reported on T2 weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) in normal aging and in some neurological disease processes. Increased concentrations of iron have been suggested as one cause of these hypointensities. In Alzheimer's Disease, data suggests that there is both a disruption in iron metabolism as well as the presence of T2 hypointensities. We endeavored to determine if the decreased signal intensities could be quantitatively determined and, if so, in what regions, in an effort to establish a non-invasive biological marker and diagnostic aide. We performed a quantitative analysis of the T2 signal intensities in 13 MRIs from AD patients and 16 age- and sex-matched control subjects. We found that while there were statistically significant differences in the intensities of the putamen and red nucleus, these differences were small. We were unable to detect differences in intensities in a whole slice or the frontal lobe. To our knowledge this is the first quantitative comparison of MRI signal intensities in Alzheimer's Disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Development of an automated mass spectrometry system for the quantitative analysis of liver microsomal incubation samples: a tool for rapid screening of new compounds for metabolic stability.

There is a continuing need for increased throughput in the evaluation of new drug entities in terms of their pharmacokinetic parameters. One useful parameter that can be measured in vitro using liver microsomal preparations is metabolic stability. In this report, we describe an automated system that can be used for unattended quantitative analysis of liver microsomal samples for a series of compounds. This system is based on the Sciex API 150 (single quadrupole) liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry system and utilizes 96-well plate autosampler technology as well as a custom-designed AppleScript which executes the on-line data processing and report generation. It has the capability of analyzing at least 75 compounds per week or 300 compounds per month in an automated fashion.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1990

Quantitative analysis of the immunocompetent cells in periapical granuloma: correlation with the histological characteristics of the lesions.

Granuloma formation includes an immune response in oral tissues to various microorganisms and their products. The immunocompetent cells of both series (T and B) are present in the periapical lesions. In order to further analyze the relative contribution and pathophysiological significance of the T cell subsets in granuloma formation, we undertook the quantitative analysis of the CD3-positive, CD4-positive, CD8-positive and Ig-positive cells in these lesions by using indirect immunofluorescence. Evidence is provided showing predominance of T cells in diffuse and B cells in focal mononuclear infiltrates. CD8-positive cells were more frequent in diffuse infiltrates and in particular in granulomas with distinct epithelium while CD4-positive cells were more numerous in focal infiltrates. It appears that the presence and ratios of different subsets of immunocompetent cells reflects the pathogenesis of granuloma and transformation to cyst.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative analysis for organic acids in biological samples: batch isolation followed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis.

This new method for qualitative and quantitative determination of organic acids, aldehydes, and ketones in biological samples is effective for use with urine, plasma, and amniotic fluid, and it requires no deproteinization. Isolation by batch-wise liquid partition chromatography on silicic acid follows formation of the O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)oximes of oxoacids, aldehydes, and ketones. The total organic acid content of the sample provides a rapid screening test for metabolic abnormality. A wide-bore, bonded-phase capillary column was used for quantitative gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, followed by automated identification and quantification. Analytical recoveries were quantitative for a wide variety of metabolites. Gas-chromatographic retention indices, discriminating ions, and control ranges in amniotic fluid, plasma, and urine of adult subjects were determined for 61 biologically important compounds.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Quantitative analysis of a noninvasive stereotactic image registration technique.

Our group has developed and tested a noninvasive image registration technique that does not require a special imaging study following the application of a head frame or radiological markers on the patient. This registration method involves performing automatic alignment between segmented scalp reconstructions from CT or MRI fitted with are surfaces traced with the Regulus Navigator. This paper will present a quantitative analysis of this technique compared to other stereotactic and image-guided registration techniques. This noninvasive surface alignment technique has been found to be a viable, quick and accurate method of performing image-guided registration.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

Magnetic resonance imaging and quantitative analysis of intracranial cystic lesions: surgical implication.

The authors evaluated a series of proven intracranial cystic lesions prospectively. The relative signal intensities of these lesions on both T1- and T2-weighted sequences were correlated with the composition and viscosity of the cystic contents. Specimens were collected from 51 patients by cyst aspiration or at the time of surgery. Once a specimen was obtained, it was immediately sent for quantitative analysis of proteins, cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium, and blood by-products. In 30 patients, the cystic lesion was hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2 relative to white matter. The cystic content in this group of patients was a watery fluid that could be easily aspirated. In another 14 patients, the cystic lesion was either isointense or hyperintense on T1 and hyperintense on T2-weighted sequences. In this group of patients, the cystic contents were mild to moderately viscous and a wide bore needle or cannula was required for aspiration. In the remaining seven patients, the cystic contents were hyperintense (n = 4), isointense (n = 2), or hypointense (n = 1) on T1 but all were markedly hypointense on T2-weighted sequences. The contents of the cystic lesions in these seven patients ranged from pastelike to solid and had to be removed surgically. This study concludes that the observed T1- and T2-weighted signal intensities can predict the relative viscosity and the composition of intracranial cystic contents. This information is found to be quite useful in planning surgery and using appropriate instrumentation in the management of intracranial cystic masses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

A quantitative analysis of cross-contamination of Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. via domestic kitchen surfaces.

Epidemiological data indicate that cross-contamination during food preparation in the home contributes noticeably to the occurrence of foodborne diseases. To help prevent such occurrences, the inclusion of a cross-contamination model in exposure assessments would aid in the development and evaluation of interventions used to control the spread of pathogenic bacteria. A quantitative analysis was carried out to estimate the probability of contamination and the levels of Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. on salads as a result of cross-contamination from contaminated chicken carcasses via kitchen surfaces. Data on the prevalence and numbers of these bacteria on retail chicken carcasses and the use of unwashed surfaces to prepare foods were collected from scientific literature. The rates of bacterial transfer were collected from laboratory experiments and literature. A deterministic approach and Monte Carlo simulations that incorporated input parameter distributions were used to estimate the contamination of the product. The results have shown that the probability of Campylobacter spp. contamination on salads is higher than that of Salmonella spp., since both the prevalence and levels of Campylobacter spp. on chicken carcasses are higher than those of Salmonella spp. It is realistic to expect that a fraction of the human exposure to Campylobacter spp., in particular, originates from cross-contamination in private kitchens during food handling. The number of human campylobacteriosis cases could be reduced either by reducing the degree of Campylobacter spp. contamination on chicken carcasses or by improving the hygiene in private kitchens. To eliminate the cross-contamination route, it is important to use separate surfaces or to properly wash the surfaces during the preparation of raw and cooked foods or ready-to-eat foods.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Quantitative analysis of IgA1 binding protein prepared from human serum by hypoglycosylated IgA1/Sepharose affinity chromatography.

The binding protein to a hypoglycosylated IgA1/Sepharose (IgA1-BP) could be prepared from human sera. IgG was a major component in the IgA1-BP. A Protein A column was used to remove the IgG; however, about half of the IgA1-BP was passed from the column [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 264 (1999) 424]. Quantitative analysis of the passed fraction (PAP) by laser nepherometry indicated that it was composed of a fairly large amount of IgA, IgM and complement C3 besides IgG. The relative content of IgG:IgA:IgM:C3:C4 was 25:10:41:22:2 in the PAP fraction. Meanwhile, the Protein A bound-fraction was essentially composed of IgG (78%) and IgM (19%). The total amount of IgA1-BP was not different between the sera from IgA nephropathy patients and other nephropathy patients. With respect to the IgA content in the IgA1-BP from IgA nephropathy patients, it was significantly higher than that from other nephropathy patients. It was found that the IgA1-BP from some IgA nephropathy patients contained a few micrograms of aberrant IgA per ml of serum. Thus, the obtained results suggested the preferential deposition of the self-aggregated IgA composed of hypoglycosylated IgA1 and co-deposition of IgG, IgM and C3 in the glomeruli in an IgA nephropathy patient.

Chromatography, Affinity↗
PubMed1996

Quantitative analysis of striped coat-color patterns in Large White-->Duroc chimeric pigs with special reference to the genetic control mechanisms of the dominant black-eyed white phenotype.

Coat colors of four chimeric pigs produced by the microinjection of dissociated blastomeres of (Landrace x Large White) blastocysts to the blastocyst cavity of Duroc x Duroc) blastocysts (Kashiwazaki et al., 1992) exhibited characteristic horizontal stripe-patterns. We carried out quantitative analysis of those patterns in order to derive information concerning the genetic regulatory mechanisms of the dominant black-eyed white phenotypes in the pig. In the four chimeras, the theoretical mean widths of the single-clone stripe calculated from the estimated widths of minimal recognizable stripe (MRS) (Tachi, 1988) were 2.1 +/- 0.1, 2.23 +/- 0.15, 1.89 +/- 0.06, and 1.93 +/- 0.28 cm respectively. The estimated number of single-clone stripes in the thoracico-lumbar region of those animals were 42.3, 40.7, 46.3, 44.2, and about twice the mean number of vertebrae in the same region (Duroc, 20 or 21; Large White 21 or 22). Furthermore, the mean length of thoracico-lumbar vertebrae in two of the chimeric pigs, as measured on X-ray radiographs, was approximately twice the mean single-clone stripe width. It was concluded that the stripe-patterns of the chimeric pigs probably represented the dermatome patterns of epidermis; and in the pig, a single somite was likely to be derived from the clones of two primordial cells, as originally proposed by Gearhart & Mintz (1972) in the mouse. It was suggested, furthermore, that in the Large White-->Duroc chimeric pigs, melanocytes that migrated into the region of skin formed by a Large White dermatome could not survive, thus creating a clearly demarcated white stripe. Possible involvement of KL or c-kit in the dominant black-eyed white phenotype of the pig is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quantitative analysis of survival during syngeneic and semisyngeneic bone marrow transplantation: relation of the protective effect and the ability to induce secondary disease as affected by differences in the major histocompatibility locus].

The protective effect of bone marrow (BM) with both syngeneic and semisyngeneic transplantation is an exponential function of the number of transplanted cells. The regression coefficient in the logarithmic equation represents a fraction of hemopoiesis repair units (HRU). The quantitative analysis of the remote death of recipients of the parents' BM shows that the secondary disease (SD) is caused by other than HRU cells which is in agreement with the data obtained by other methods. The fraction of BM cells that induces SD is lower than the fraction of HRU. This helps to find an optimum BM dose range within which the risk of the SD-induced death is minimized.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Quantitative analysis of immune complexes and assessment of autorosette-forming cells in patients with malignant disease (author's transl)].

Circulating immune complexes were isolated by precipitation with low concentration EDTA and PEG and their components analysed by specific immunoprecipitation in a laser nephelometric system; a good correlation between this method and other classical immune complex assays could be achieved. This method is simple, reproducible and practicable in the clinical routine. Quantitative analysis showed markedly increased levels of IgM and IgA specific immune complexes in cancer patients, especially those in an advanced stage, in comparison with non-malignant control patients. The percentage of autorosette-forming cells was markedly reduced in cancer patients, especially in a progressive disease, in comparison with non-malignant control patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Early appearance of cells bearing Na+ channels in developing mouse brain. A quantitative analysis using light microscopic autoradiography.

125I-alpha-Scorpion toxin (alpha-ScTx) binds to a component of the voltage-sensitive Na+ channel. We have previously shown that receptor capacity on dissociated mouse brain cells increases between days 12 and 19 of fetal life as does the expression of neurotoxin-sensitive 22Na+ influx. In the present study we have investigated the distribution of Na+ channels at the cellular level. Quantitative analysis by light-microscopic autoradiography was carried out on dissociated brain cells labeled with 125I-alpha-ScTx at 13, 15 and 18 fetal days. We have shown that at day 13 a large population of cells (39% of total) is alpha-ScTx-labeled, providing direct confirmation for a wide-spread presence of Na+ channels at an early stage of mouse brain development. The subsequent increase in receptor number with age is due both to an increase in alpha-ScTx-labeled cells (to 53% and 97% at days 15 and 18, respectively) and to an increase in the receptor density on these cells (10.9, 12.7 and 34.5 silver grains/1000 microns2 of cell surface for the 3 stages studied).

Animals↗