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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Immunomodulation by Propionibacterium granulosum KP 45 and experimental trichinellosis in mice.

Swiss mice were infected orally with 200 Trichinella spiralis larvae and injected intraperitoneally with a potent immunomodulator (isolated cell walls of Propionibacterium granulosum strain KP 45). In control mice 22 871 +/- 9913 larvae were found in the whole body, whereas in mice treated with P. granulosum KP 45 on the day of inoculation 9450 larvae +/- 8244 larvae were counted (p less than 0.01). Immunomodulation 7 days before or 7 days after T. spiralis inoculation gave less pronounced effects but the decreasing number of larvae was still significant. It is suggested that the above effects are due to an activation of macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Investigation on extracellular slime substance produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis.

The extracellular slime substance produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis was investigated. Slime production was assessed by bacterial agglutination in the presence of concanavalin A (Con A) or poly-L-lysine and by bacterial adherence to polyethylene. Media for slime production was optimized using these criteria. A phenol-saline extract of crude slime was separated into four fractions on a DEAE-sepharose column. Total protein and sugar content and the monosaccharide constituents were determined. Crude slime and the phenol-saline extract showed a strong precipitation reaction with Con A and poly-L-lysine (double diffusion). Fractions I and II containing mannose as the most abundant sugar reacted with Con A and two other mannose-specific lectins (Lens culinaris, Pisum sativum). This reaction could be inhibited by mannose. Fractions III and IV were precipitated by poly-L-lysine, probably due to a reaction with glucuronic acid which was only present in these fractions. Precoating of polyethylene with crude slime, phenol-saline extract and fractions III and IV resulted in a marked inhibition of attachment of staphylococcal cells. Production of the extracellular slime substance was completely inhibited by subinhibitory concentrations of the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin, whereas penicillin had no influence. Extracellular slime substance produced by S. epidermidis seems to be a complex of glycoconjugate character and plays an important role in the attachment to synthetic polymers. The production of slime by staphylococci can be easily determined using mannose specific lectins and poly-L-lysine.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1985

Group B streptococcus type II antisera have anti-galactan specificities.

It has been confirmed by immunochemical methods that group B streptococcal capsular polysaccharides of type II contain terminal non-reducing beta-(1-6)-D-galactosyl groups. This immunodominant structure is detected by immune antisera from rabbits. As beta-(1-6)-D-galactosyl residues are the predominant end groups of a number of plant and animal galactans, anti-type II streptococcus antisera can also be used as anti-galactans. On the other side, different anti-galactans from various origins (lectins, myeloma proteins) can be applied to identify group B streptococcal type II strains. In addition, it is shown that other group B streptococcal types can also be recognized by different lectins.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

Purification and properties of a proline iminopeptidase from Propionibacterium acnes.

Proline iminopeptidase was extracted from the cells of a strain of Propionibacterium acnes and purified. The molecular weight was estimated to be about 120,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme showed the highest activity at 50 degrees C-55 degrees C and its optimum pH was found at 7.5-8.0. The enzyme activity was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, indicating that this peptidase is a SH-enzyme. Especially prolyl-glycyl-glycine but also prolyl-proline bonds were hydrolyzed by this enzyme, glycyl-proline was not split.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1986

Effects of ciprofloxacin on the humoral and cellular immune responses in Balb/c-mice.

The effects of a 7 days chemotherapy with ciprofloxacin on the humoral and cellular immune responses in Balb/c-mice were examined. Ciprofloxacin-doses used were calculated on a body weight basis from therapeutic dosages in humans. In a dose-dependent way IgM as well as IgG responses were significantly increased. The delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to oxazolone was not significantly changed. In in vivo as well in vitro experiments ciprofloxacin showed no modulatory activity on the concanavalin A and LPS-induced proliferative activities of mouse spleen cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Isolation and characterization of a peptidase from an oral strain of Corynebacterium matruchotii.

From the cell extract of Corynebacterium matruchotii strain ATCC 14266, a peptidase could be isolated and purified, increasing the specific activity 267 times. This enzyme with a molecular weight of 60,000 was completely inactivated by heating at 50 degrees C for 20 min, its optimum pH was found to be pH 7.5 and the isoelectric point was 4.1. The peptidase was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, chymostatin and urea. Among various synthetic substrates tested, only benzoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide and benzoyl-L-arginine ethylester were found to be hydrolyzed by this enzyme. Several proteins investigated were not hydrolyzed, but the enzyme inactivated a peptidic staphylococcal bacteriocin.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed1986

Opsonin independent interaction of Klebsiella strains with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Nine encapsulated Klebsiella strains with different types of fimbriation and their nonencapsulated mutants were tested for their stimulatory potency for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the absence of opsonins. The luminol chemiluminescence assay was used for these experiments. It could be shown that the interaction between Klebsiella bacteria and human leukocytes is rather complex depending not only on the presence of capsules but also on the hydrophobicity of Klebsiella surface and on the type of fimbriation existing.

Fimbriae, Bacterial↗
PubMed1986

Investigations on opsonin-independent antistaphylococcal activity of human neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes.

Using cells from 20 healthy human donors the opsonin-independent staphylococcal killing abilities of peripheral blood neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes were studied. S. aureus strains T 1 and T 14, S. sciuri strain S I, S. saprophyticus strain S III and S. simulans strain S V were selected for these experiments because of their differing cell wall composition, surface hydrophobicity, protein A content and extracellular enzyme activity spectrum. We could demonstrate a very individual activity range of these cells against staphylococci. On the other hand each staphylococcal strain examined behaved in a very typical way in its susceptibility against the killing by human phagocytes and lymphocytes. Repeated tests in monthly intervals showed that the staphylococcal killing activity range of phagocytes and lymphocytes of a certain healthy donor remains constant and stable.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

The role of plasmids in opsonin-independent Staphylococcus aureus-leukocyte interactions.

The opsonin-independent phagocytic and bactericidal activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated by two Staphylococcus aureus strains and their variants with differing plasmid patterns was investigated. Interactions between staphylococci and phagocytes were evaluated by chemiluminescence and intracellular killing tests. The results obtained indicate that the presence or absence of certain plasmids can modify staphylococcal phagocytosis and their susceptibility to intracellular killing. Pretreatment of the strains investigated with subinhibitory concentrations of mezlocillin and ofloxacin (10% MIC) influenced these parameters, too.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Modification of glycosylation by tunicamycin treatment inhibits lectin-mediated adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to various tissues.

Oligosaccharide moieties of cell surface glycoconjugates are thought to be involved in recognition events associated with infectious diseases. Treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae (which exhibits well defined surface lectins) with subinhibitory concentrations of the antibiotic tunicamycin was found to block the protein glycosylation of the bacterial surfaces. Since bacterial lectins (adhesins) are in most cases glycoproteins and play an important role in the organ specificity of infectious diseases, adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to frozen sections of lung, meninges and kidney (from Balb/c-mice) was almost totally lacking after inhibition of the biosynthesis of N-linked carbohydrate chains which are important for an adequate lectin function. Chemiluminescence measurements of human granulocyte stimulation yielded results suggesting a great importance of lectin-carbohydrate interactions in this process, too. These experimental data indicate that the presence of specific cell surface carbohydrates is required for a successful completion of the adhesion phase of pathogenic bacteria in infectious diseases and for the induction of granulocyte stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Lectin mediated adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae and its specific inhibition in vitro and in vivo.

According to our hypothesis, bacterial lectins play an important role in the organotropy of infectious diseases which is analogous to the metastasis of tumor cells. As a model for proving this, we investigated the specific lectin of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which has N-acetyl-D-glucosamine/D-galactose (GlcNAc-Gal) specificity. In vitro, after incubation with Streptococcus pneumoniae, cryotome sections of various organs from Balb/c-mice showed remarkable quantitative differences of bacterial adhesion to the organ cells. Whereas lungs and meninges were closely settled with bacteria, attachment to other organs (e.g. liver, spleen, brain) was lacking. In vitro lectin-blocking by GlcNAc completely prevented the adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae to lungs and meninges. Other non-related carbohydrates (e.g. D-mannose, D-xylose) showed no effect. During in vivo experiments with Balb/c-mice, intratracheal application of Streptococcus pneumoniae led to a diffuse settlement of the lung. However, bacterial lectin-blocking with intratracheal GlcNAc administration completely inhibited adhesion to the organ cells of the lung. Therefore blocking of bacterial adhesins with competitive specific monosaccharides can completely prevent bacterial adhesion processes, a fact, which opens therapeutical aspects.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Antibiotic treatment, intestinal aerobic microflora and experimental sarcoma L-1 growth in Balb/c-mice.

The present paper deals with the influence of a 10 days treatment with mezlocillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, clindamycin or gentamicin on the endogenous intestinal microflora of Balb/c-mice and on the local growth of sarcoma L-1 tumor. Clindamycin and gentamicin demonstrated no influence, whereas cefotaxime and piperacillin caused the eradication of gram-negative resp. gram-positive bacteria but these antibiotics didn't produce a growth inhibition of local L-1 sarcoma tumor. The oral or parenteral application of mezlocillin (a 3 days treatment was sufficient) eradicated the complete aerobic and anaerobic intestinal microflora. This effect was significantly correlated with an increase of the cecum weight and the inhibition of local tumor growth. Possible mechanisms of these effects are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The role of lectins and lipoteichoic acid in adherence of Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

Staphylococcus saprophyticus strains S 1 and S 35 demonstrated lectin like surface receptors specific for N-acetylgalactosamine (S 1) or N-acetylneuraminic acid (S 35). Adhesion assays with human uroepithelial cells together with blocking experiments with competitive carbohydrates suggested that specific attachment of S. saprophyticus to host cells is apparently mediated by lectins. Staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was also shown to interfere with S. saprophyticus adherence to human uroepithelial cells.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1988

Menaquinone composition in the classification and identification of aerobic actinomycetes.

Menaquinones were the only isoprenoid quinones found in 36 strains representing different species of the genera Nocardia, Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, Amycolatopsis, Saccharothrix, Streptomyces, Nocardiopsis and Actinomadura. Dihydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units [MK-9(H2)] were the main components isolated from Mycobacterium. Dihydrogenated and tetrahydrogenated menaquinones with eight isoprene units were the predominant compounds identified in typical Rhodococcus and Nocardia strains, respectively. "Nocardia phenotolerans" differed from all of the other Nocardia species included in the study, in that it contained the MK-9(H2) [MK-8(H2)] menaquinone system. Nocardioform bacteria lacking mycolic acids contained tetrahydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units as the main component. The Streptomyces strains studied exhibited complex mixtures of partially saturated menaquinones with nine isoprene units with the hexa- and/or octahydrogenated components predominating. Actinomadurae contained major amounts of hexahydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units. In contrast, the single Nocardiopsis strain examined possessed complex mixtures of menaquinones with ten isoprene units, the dihydrogenated components being main constituents.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of Propionibacterium granulosum KP-45 on the resistance to Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium infections].

Killed bacterial cells of Propionibacterium granulosum KP-45 were found to be potent modifiers of non-specific resistance of mice against infection with either Listeria monocytogenes or Salmonella typhimurium. Injection of P. granulosum 7 days prior to infection resulted in marked splenomegaly. Disseminated acute inflammatory foci were found histologically in the liver. These mice were apparently less susceptible to infection, since definitely lower bacterial counts were determined. Simultaneous application of both P. granulosum KP-45 and L. monocytogenes resulted, however, in increased susceptibility of mice to infection, since definitely higher bacterial counts were found and the inflammatory reaction to infection was markedly enhanced.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1988

Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness amongst Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus strains.

The degree of binding was determined between DNA preparations from 65 staphylococci representing cluster defined in a numerical phenetic survey and 3H-labelled DNA from reference strains of S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. saprophyticus and S. warneri. The congruence between the DNA pairing and numerical phenetic data was good with S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus being shown to be genomic species. However, some strains identified as S. epidermidis using recommended diagnostic procedures were found to belong to other taxa, notably S. simulans and S. warneri. The moles percent guanine plus cytosine content of the DNA of the test strains was within the range 27 to 34.

Base Composition↗