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PubMedDate not supplied

A case of fetal parvovirus B19 myocarditis, terminal cardiac heart failure, and perinatal heart transplantation.

We report a case of fetal cardiomegaly secondary to myocarditis as a result of intrauterine parvovirus B19 infection. The fetus was delivered through caesarean section because of increasing deterioration of cardiac function at 33 + 3 weeks with reverse flow in the ductus venosus. Four weeks later, a cardiac transplantation was carried out because of therapy-resistant dilative cardiomyopathy. This case shows that fetal parvovirus B19 infection may occur without anemia and myocarditis and does not always result in spontaneous reformation of a dilated heart and normal recovery. It may become the determining prognostic factor for the child.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy studied by maternal viral load and immune responses.

OBJECTIVES: Facilitate risk assessment of vital complications in fetuses of pregnancies affected by acute parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection. DESIGN: Study of the natural course of maternal B19V infection in four cases, from early pregnancy on. SETTING: University Medical Center in the Netherlands. POPULATION: Pregnant mothers attending obstetric services. METHODS: Serial measurements of the maternal and fetal or neonatal viral load and antibody responses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maternal and fetal/neonatal serum B19V viral DNA load and specific IgM and IgG antibodies in maternal serum. RESULTS: Peak viral load levels occurred within 1 week after maternal infection and peak IgM levels were observed 1 week after the peak viral load levels. Approximation of IgG and IgM ratios usually took place 4 weeks after infection. Vertical transmission occurred 1-3 weeks after maternal infection, suggesting that fetal infection occurs during the maternal peak viral load. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal B19V DNA load levels and IgM responses are useful to estimate the risk of parvovirus B19-associated fetal complications. The maternal peak viral load directly precedes the onset of fetal infection and may be used to indicate the stage of intrauterine B19V infection.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Emergent fetal intracardiac transfusion for thrombocytopenia and acute hypovolemia due to cordocentesis-associated hemorrhage in parvovirus-induced hydrops.

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the utility of fetal intracardiac transfusion to correct acute fetal hypovolemia and thrombocytopenia in fetal Parvovirus infection. METHODS: Intracardiac transfusion in a 19-week gestation was indicated due to cordocentesis-associated hemorrhage. RESULTS: Intracardiac transfusion resulted in correction of acute bradycardia, anemia and thrombocytopenia and persistent umbilical cord hemorrhage following attempted intravascular transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates the importance of anticipating both thrombocytopenia and anemia in fetal Parvovirus infection and how an intracardiac approach can be employed in the setting of acute, life-threatening hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fetal-maternal hydrops syndrome in human parvovirus infection.

A case of maternal generalized edema with hyponatremia, hypoosmolality and secondary hyperaldosteronism was associated with pseudomolar plasma human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentrations in a case of fetal and placental hydrops due to parvovirus B19 infection. Digoxigenin in situ hybridization techniques were effective in demonstrating parvovirus B19 infection on fixed tissues. Hydropic changes in the placenta may have massively increased the maternal plasma hCG concentration with subsequent fluid imbalance leading to maternal hydrops mimicking molar pregnancy.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Late onset of hydrops fetalis following intrauterine parvovirus B19 infection.

We present a case of intrauterine parvovirus B19 infection, diagnosed by detection of B19 DNA in the amniotic fluid obtained at 15 weeks of gestation for chromosome analysis in an asymptomatic pregnancy, causing hydrops fetalis 7 weeks later. Following intrauterine transfusion, rapid resolution of hydrops could be observed and a healthy boy was born at 38 weeks of gestation. The respective laboratory data obtained from the examination of the amniotic fluid and maternal, fetal, and neonatal blood offer interesting insights into the dynamics of maternal-fetal parvovirus B19 infection.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Contamination of coagulation factor concentrates with human parvovirus B19 genotype 1 and 2.

Human parvovirus B19 (B19) DNA has frequently been detected in plasma-derived coagulation factor concentrates. Furthermore, transmission of B19 infection was observed, indicating presence of the infectious virus despite routine viral inactivation/removal procedures during the manufacturing process. Recently, human parvovirus DNA isolates, variant from B19, have been identified resulting in classification of B19 virus into three distinct genotypes, with all viruses previously classified as B19 belonging to genotype 1. So far, there is no information available on contamination of clotting factor concentrates with genotype 2. Therefore, we analysed 202 different factor concentrate lots for genotype 1 and 2 DNA by PCR. Analysis of one hundred eighty-one lots representing 13 different products, administered over the last three years, was compared to 21 lots (8 products) used until the early 1980s which had not been treated by viral inactivation procedures. Genotype 1 DNA was detected in 77/181 (42.5%) currently administered lots, and 17/21 (81%) previously used lots. The level of genotype 1 DNA contamination was similar in currently and previously administered concentrates. Genotype 2 DNA was found in 5/202 (2.5%) lots, all of which were co-contaminated with genotype 1 DNA. DNA sequence analysis showed that the PCR-double positive concentrates contained typical genotype 1 and genotype 2 DNA. Because genotype 2 appears to cause a similar spectrum of diseases as genotype 1, simultaneous detection of genotype 2 by nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT), now widely applied to plasma pools for genotype 1, would give an added level of safety to blood products.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed2004

Frontal lobe seizures and uveitis associated with acute human parvovirus B19 infection.

We report a 5-year-old girl who developed repeated episodes of behavioral alterations shortly after human parvovirus B19 infection and uveitis. Video-electroencephalographic study demonstrated that these brief episodes were frontal lobe seizures. Seizures responded promptly to antiepilepsy medications. Further diagnostic testing did not reveal any rheumatologic disorders. Human parvovirus B19 infections in children are more commonly associated with febrile seizures and meningoencephalitis. Our case demonstrates that, rarely, it may be associated with the development of partial epilepsy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Parvovirus B19 infection can induce histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease) associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.

We report three cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with necrotizing histiocytic lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease) and immunologically proven human parvovirus B19 infection. Simultaneous occurrence of SLE and Kikuchi's disease was a characteristic of the three cases. Kikuchi's disease is an uncommon disease that usually affects young women and is characterized by painless unilateral cervical lymph-node enlargement. T-cell regions of affected lymph nodes are exclusively involved with patchy paracortical necrosis surrounded by a polymorphous cell population of histiocytes and macrophages. However, lymphadenopathy in patients with SLE may be histologically indistinguishable from Kikuchi's necrotizing lymphadenitis. The cause of Kikuchi's disease remains uncertain, although infectious agents have been proposed. A positive IgM-specific anti-human parvovirus B19 antibody test in our three cases suggests that B19 can induce a necrotizing histiocytic lymphadenitis and possibly a clinical SLE flare. High-dose (1 mg/kg/day) and medium-dose (0.5 mg/kg/day) oral prednisone was an effective treatment for constitutional and visceral symptoms of Kikuchi's and SLE diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Coinfection by porcine circoviruses and porcine parvovirus in pigs with naturally acquired postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is an emerging disease in swine. Recently, the disease has been reproduced with inocula containing a newly described porcine circovirus (PCV), designated PCV 2, and porcine parvovirus (PPV). In order to determine if these viruses interact in naturally acquired PMWS, affected tissues from field cases were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for PCV 2 and PPV, as well as by PCR for the other recognized porcine circovirus, PCV 1. Porcine circovirus 2 was detected by PCR or IHC in affected fixed or frozen tissues from 69 of 69 cases of PMWS collected over 3 years from 25 farms. Porcine parvovirus was detected in 12 of the same cases, and PCV 1 was detected in 9 of 69; however, an apparent decrease was found in the sensitivity of the PCRs used to detect the latter 2 viruses when fixed tissue from the same cases were compared with the use of frozen tissues. Porcine circovirus 2 was not detected by PCR in affected tissues from 16 age-matched pigs that had Streptococcus suis-associated disease. Electron microscopic examination of plasma pooled from 15 pigs with PMWS revealed the presence of PCV and PPV, whereas these viruses were not observed in pooled plasma from 5 age-matched clinically normal pigs. These results confirm and extend previous findings documenting a consistent association of PCV 2 with PMWS. As well, infection by PPV or PCV 1 or both may be an important cofactor in the pathogenesis of some, but apparently not all, cases of PMWS.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Minute virus of canines (MVC, canine parvovirus type-1): pathogenicity for pups and seroprevalence estimate.

Minute virus of canines (MVC, canine parvovirus type-1) caused inapparent to severe illness in neonatal specific-pathogen-free pups exposed by the oronasal route. The experimental disease was generally mild. Four of 21 infected pups had clinical signs of respiratory illness, but only 2 pups, not euthanized during the early postinoculation period, developed severe illness or died. Principal pathologic changes included bronchitis and interstitial pneumonia with various degrees of lymphadenitis. In contrast to the reported field cases, enteric signs were absent in the experimentally infected animals. Histopathologic changes in the small intestine were mild or absent. Bronchial, bronchiolar, and alveolar epithelial cells appeared to be the sites of initial and most extensive viral growth, reflecting the pattern of histopathologic changes. The disease caused by MVC was mild in comparison to that caused by canine parvovirus-type 2. MVC now appears to be established as a cause of illness in young pups and of transplacental infections with embryo resorption. The prevalence of MVC hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies was high (approximately 50%) in adult dog sera from widely separated geographic areas of the United States.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Mumps-like syndrome owing to parvovirus B19: a brief report.

Major manifestations of acute parvovirus B19 infection are usually erythema infectiosum, transient aplastic crisis and polyarthropathy. We report a case suspected to have mumps-meningo-encephalitis who had IgM and IgG antibodies positive for parvovirus B19.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Glycosphingolipid expression in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: common expression of shiga toxin and parvovirus B19 receptors on early myeloblasts.

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are complex macromolecules on cell membranes that have been shown to play a role in neutrophil differentiation, activation, phagocytosis, and adhesion to both microorganisms and vascular endothelium. Because GSLs are often cryptic antigens on cell membranes, little is known regarding GSL expression in early myelopoiesis. To study the latter, myeloblasts were collected from patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) who required therapeutic leukocytopheresis for hyperleukocytosis. The neutral GSLs were isolated and identified by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), HPTLC immunostaining, gas chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry. Like mature peripheral blood neutrophils, myeloblasts expressed glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and the neolacto-family GSLs, lactotriaosylceramide and neolactotetraosylceramide. Unlike neutrophils and chronic myeloid leukemia, most ANLL samples also expressed the globo-series GSLs, globotriaosylceramide and globotetraosylceramide. Globo GSL expression was strongly associated with a myeloblastic (ANLL M0-M2) and monoblastic phenotype (M5). A weak association was also noted with expression of either lymphoid (P <.10) or early hematopoietic markers (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase [TdT], CD34; P <.10). Globo-positive ANLL samples bound both shiga toxin and parvovirus B19 on HPTLC immunostaining. Based on these findings, we propose that neolacto and globo GSLs are expressed during early myeloid differentiation. Globotriaosylceramide expression on myeloblasts, and possibly myeloid stem cells, may have important implications for the use of shiga toxin as an ex vivo purging agent in autologous stem cell transplantation. Expression of globotetraosylceramide, the parvovirus B19 receptor, on myeloblasts may also explain the association between B19 infection, aplastic anemia, and chronic neutropenia of childhood.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed2005

Possible active origin of replication in the double stranded extended form of the left terminus of LuIII and its implication on the replication model of the parvovirus.

BACKGROUND: The palindromic termini of parvoviruses have proven to play an essential role as origins of replication at different stages during the replication of their viral genome. Sequences from the left-end telomere of MVM form a functional origin on one side of the dimer replicative form intermediate. In contrast, the right-end origin can operate in its closed replicative form hairpin configuration or as a fully duplex linear sequence derived from either arm of a palindromic tetramer intermediate. To study the possibility that the LuIII left hairpin has a function in replication, comparable to that described for MVM, the replication of a minigenome containing two copies of the LuIII left terminus (LuIII Lt-Lt) was studied. RESULTS: The data presented demonstrates that LuIII Lt-Lt was capable of replicating when NS1 helper functions were provided in trans. This extended hairpin, capable of acting as an origin of replication, lacks the arrangement of the specific domains present in the dimer duplex intermediate of MVM, the only active form of the left hairpin described for this parvovirus. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the left hairpin of LuIII has an active NS1 driven origin of replication at this terminus in the double stranded extended form. This difference between LuIII and MVM has great implications on the replication of these viruses. The presence of origins of replication at both the left and right termini in their natural hairpin form can explain the unique encapsidation pattern observed for LuIII hinting on the mechanism used by this virus for the replication of its viral genome.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed2001

Status epilepticus due to human parvovirus B19 encephalitis in an immunocompetent adult.

Human parvovirus (HPV) B19 is a rare cause of encephalitis in children and immunocompromised adults. The authors describe a case of an otherwise healthy woman who developed encephalitis complicated by prolonged status epilepticus. Human parvovirus B19 infection was suggested by a prodromal, malar rash and established by the presence of specific IgM and IgG antibodies in the patient's serum. This is the first reported case of HPV B19 encephalitis in an immunocompetent adult.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Detection and in vivo transmission of rat orphan parvovirus (ROPV).

Antibodies to rodent parvovirus were detected by the immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test but not by haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) in a commercial rat breeding colony. These antibodies were considered to be a response to so-called 'orphan parvovirus'. The virus was transmissible by intraperitoneal inoculation of infected materials (spleen cell or lymphoid tissue homogenate), and direct contact with infected rats or contaminated bedding. Furthermore, parvoviral-specific DNA sequence coded non-structural (NS) protein was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in spleen cells and peripheral lymphocytes of experimentally infected rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

An outbreak of goose parvovirus infection in Japan.

In a Muscovy duck breeding-growing farm in Aomori prefecture, most of ducklings hatched during spring in 1994 died within two-week-old. The mortality was nearly 100%. In most cases, birds died without clinical signs and some with leg weakness. By serological and virological tests, the outbreak was identified as a goose parvovirus infection. In pathological test, however, no typical manifestations of goose parvovirus infections (hepatitis and intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatic cells) were detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

New quantitative methods for detection of feline parvovirus (FPV) and virus neutralizing antibody against FPV using a feline T lymphoid cell line.

Previously, we reported that a feline T lymphoid cell line, FL74 cells, was very sensitive to feline parvovirus (FPV) infection. In the present study, we developed new quantitative methods for detection of FPV and virus neutralizing antibody against FPV using FL74 cells. The methods presented here were very simple and applicable to both canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus.

Animals↗