Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “object detection”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[The detection of circulating hepatocellular carcinoma cells in peripheral venous blood by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and its clinical significance].

OBJECTIVE: To detect circulating hepatocellular carcinoma by demonstrating hepatocellular carcinoma cells-associated mRNA in the nuclear cell component of peripheral blood (PBL). METHOD: Peripheral blood (5 ml) samples were obtained from 93 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and from 37 controls (15 controls with liver cirrhosis after hepatitis B, 12 chronic hepatitis B, and 10 normal liver function). To identify HCC cells in peripheral blood, liver-specific human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) mRNA was amplified from total RNA extracted from whole blood by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULT: AFP mRNA was detected in 50 blood samples from the patients with HCC (53.8%). In contrast, there were no clinical control patients whose samples showed detectable AFP mRNA in PBL. The presence of AFP mRNA in blood seemed to be correlated with the stage (by TNM classification) of HCC, the serum AFP value, and the presence of intrahepatic metastasis, portal vein thrombosis, tumor diameter and/or distant metastasis. AFP mRNA was detected in the blood of 21 patients showing metastasis at extrahepatic organs (100%) in contrast to 29 of 72 patients without metastasis (40.3%). CONCLUSION: The presence of AFP mRNA in peripheral blood may be an indicator of malignant hepatocytes, which might predict hematogenous spreading metastasis of tumor cells in patients with HCC.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Detection of bcr/abl fusion gene in chronic myeloid leukemia by fluorescence in situ hybridization and nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the bcr/abl fusion gene in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) for assisting in clinical diagnosis. METHODS: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used. RESULTS: Out of 16 CML patients, the results of FISH was not consistent with that of nested RT-PCR in 3 cases. When compared with the results of Northern blot, it was found that nested RT-PCR was more sensitive than FISH, but might give false positive results. Moreover, FISH was the easier method for detecting rarer types of bcr/abl transcripts. For detecting the latter occasions nested RT-PCR have to design several specific primers. CONCLUSION: It could take their advantages of applying FISH and nested RT-PCR at the same time to make the results more accurate and reliable for the diagnosis, prognosis and monitor of minimal residual disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Detection of NF-kappaB activation and platelet-derived growth factor-B expression in endothelial cells of hypercholesterolemic rats].

OBJECTIVE: To detect whether the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) in endothelial cells induced by mm-LDL can promote platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) expression in vitro, and whether it is also present in hypercholesterolemic rats in vivo, influence of age on NF-kappaB and PDGF-B signal transduction pathway. METHODS: Established hypercholesterolemic rat model by feeding with a high-cholesterol ration. The activation of NF-kappaB in aortic endothelial cells was identified by immunohistochemical staining, the expression of PDGF-B mRNA and PDGF-B protein were examined using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry respectively. RESULTS: In comparison with the control rats, a positive immunostaining of NF-kappaB in nuclei of aortic endothelial cells of the experimental rats was detected after a high cholesterol ration for 6 weeks. The number of endothelial cells expressing PDGF-B mRNA increased and the intensity was dependent upon the duration of high-cholesterol intake. NF-kappaB translocation (0.461 +/- 0.075 vs. 0.350 +/- 0.094, P < 0.05) and PDGF-B expression in 10-month old Wistar rats were more remarkable than that of 2-month old rats after having cholesterol for 16 weeks. Immunohistochemical staining for PDGF-B gave a similar result (0.230 +/- 0.040 vs. 0.185 +/- 0.037, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Hypercholesterolemia is capable of activating nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and promoting expression of PDGF-B in rat aortic endothelial cells in vivo, this coincided with the results obtained in ox-LDL or mm-LDL experiments on endothelial cells in vitro. This phenomenon is much more evident in 10-month old rats which indicates that age might have a close relationship with NF-kappaB - PDGF-B signal transduction pathway.

Active Transport, Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed2005

[Detection and comparison of transcriptional activities of tumor-specific survivin and alpha-fetoprotein promoters in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells].

OBJECTIVE: To detect and compare the transcriptional activities of tumor-specific survivin and AFP promoters in various hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and to lay some groundwork for targeting gene therapy in human hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: The fragment of survivin and AFP promoters were acquired by PCR amplification and were cloned into the reporter plasmid pGL3-Basic, which contained a luciferase gene. The constructed eukaryotic expression plasmid pGL3-SUR and pGL3-AFP, in which the expression of the luciferase was derived by survivin or the AFP promoter, were transfected into three HCC cell lines. At 24 hours post transfection (p.t.), the activity of the luciferase was determined with Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System. A pGL3-CMV, containing the CMV promoter controlled luciferase gene, was used as a positive control. RESULTS: Both survivin and AFP promoters had transcriptional activities in all three HCC cell lines and the transcriptional activity of the survivin promoter was much higher than the AFP promoter (52-98 times) and reached a level of 16% approximately 21% of the transcriptional activity of the CMV promoter. CONCLUSION: Our data reveals that the survivin promoter possesses a high transcriptional activity in all three established HCC cell lines and may serve as a useful tool for transcriptional targeting gene therapy of HCCs.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed2006

[Detection of expression of p53, p16, and cyclooxygenase 2 in pancreatic cancer by tissue microarray and correlation among these three genes].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of tumor suppressor protein p53, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in pancreatic cancer by tissue microarray and investigate the correlation among these three genes. METHODS: 104 specimens of tissues, including pancreatic cancer tissue, non-cancer tissues not more than 1.5 cm from the cancer, and normal tissues, underwent microarray examination and immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of p53, p16, and COX-2. The correlation among these 3 genes was analyzed. RESULTS: p53, p16, and COX-2 were all significantly highly expressed in the cancerous tissues in comparison with other tissues. P53 and p16 were both significantly correlated with COX-2 (both P < 0.05), however, there was not a correlation between p53 and p16 (P > 0.05). There was a reciprocal relationship between p53 and COX-2 (P < 0.05, OR = 19.686) influencing the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSION: Tissue microarray technique is effective method to detect multiple gene protein expression. Pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer is associated with p53, p16, and COX-2.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Detection and clinical significance of serum proteomic patterns of breast cancers by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the serum proteomic patterns in breast cancer patients by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight (SELDI-TOF-MS) protein chip array techniques, to screen biomarker candidates and build diagnostic models in order to evaluate their clinical significance. METHODS: SELDI-TOF-MS technique and weak cation exchanger (WCX2) protein chip were used to detect the serum proteomic patterns of 38 patients with breast cancer, 33 patients with benign breast diseases and 43 normal control subjects. Biomarker Wizard 3.01 and Biomarker Pattern Software 5.01 were used in combination to analyze the data and to develop diagnostic models. RESULTS: Four protein peaks pattern (M2077_07, M1827_38, M2650_51 and M2060_62 mass/charge ratio [m/z]) was observed in the model I, and it could be used to distinguish breast cancer from non cancerous diseases. Its sensitivity and specificity were 73.7% (28/38) and 73.7% (56/76), respectively. The model II was formed by 5 protein peaks (M2251_62, M3405_56, M3428_16, M4666_98, M16239_8 m/z). When it was used in differential diagnosis between stage I breast cancer and benign breast diseases, the sensitivity and specificity were 84.8% (28/33) and 55.6% (5/9), respectively. Another 5 peaks (M1701_48, M3116_17, M1676_88, M5890_33, M2921_02 m/z) could build the model III to distinguish stage I and stage II approximately IV breast cancers. Its sensitivity and specificity were 88.9% (8/9) and 86.2% (25/29), respectively. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that application of SELDI-TOF-MS can be of great potential for early breast cancer screening, diagnosis and preoperative staging, and deserves further studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Visual salience in the change detection paradigm: the special role of object onset.

The relative efficacy with which appearance of a new object orients visual attention was investigated. At issue is whether the visual system treats onset as being of particular importance or only 1 of a number of stimulus events equally likely to summon attention. Using the 1-shot change detection paradigm, the authors compared detectability of new objects with changes occurring at already present objects--luminance change, color change, and object offset. Results showed that appearance of a new object was less susceptible to change blindness than changes that old objects could undergo. The authors also investigated whether it is onset per se that leads to enhanced detectability or onset of an object representation. Results showed that the onset advantage was eliminated for onsets that did not correspond with the appearance of a new object. These findings suggest that the visual system is particularly sensitive to the onset of a new object.

Attention↗
PubMed1995

Prenatal cytogenetic abnormalities: correlations of structural rearrangements and ultrasonographically detected fetal anomalies.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the distribution of karyotypic abnormalities detected at prenatal diagnosis, fetal anomalies, and ability for fluorescent in situ hybridization detection. STUDY DESIGN: Our cytogenetic database from January 1988 to April 1994 was categorized according to type and potential detection by current standard fluorescent in situ hybridization probes. Fetal anomalies and cytogenetic aberrations were compared. RESULTS: A total of 664 cases of abnormal fetal karyotypes were identified from 12,454 prenatal cytogenetic cases (7529 amniocenteses and 4925 chorionic villus sampling) and were classified as autosomal aneuploidy (331), sex aneuploidy (103), polyploidy (38), marker aneuploidy (19) and structural rearrangements (173). Standard fluorescent in situ hybridization probes would have missed 31% of the abnormal cases: 90 aneuploidy, 14 de novo marker aneuploidy, and 65 de novo structural aberrant cases. The 134 cases of structural chromosomal rearrangements with complete ultrasonographic records were further classified as polymorphism (42), familial (43), or de novo (49). Frequency of fetal anomaly detection by ultrasonography in de novo cases (22/49) was higher than other rearrangements (chi 2 7.4, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: The contribution of unusual aneuploidies (16%) and structural chromosomal rearrangements (26%) in prenatal diagnostic practice is significant. Fetal anomalies were detected by ultrasonography in 45% of the de novo rearrangement cases. Fluorescent in situ hybridization would miss 31% of the abnormal cases.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of tympanic, esophageal and blood temperatures during mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass: a study using an infrared emission detection tympanic thermometer.

OBJECTIVE: Tympanic temperature can be obtained instantaneously using an infrared emission detection (IRED) thermometer. Its accuracy has been documented in a variety of clinical settings, but its performance at low body temperatures is still unknown. In this study we evaluated its performance during coronary artery revascularization surgery in which mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was used. METHODS: Thirty adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery were enrolled in the study. Tympanic temperature obtained using IRED thermometry (Tt1) was compared with core temperatures from the esophagus (Te), and venous blood of CPB (Tv) before, during, and after CPB. We also measured tympanic temperature using a thermocouple probe (Tt2) in 16 of the 30 patients in order to study the agreement between the two methods. Values for correlation coefficients and limits of agreement were computed to assess the degree of agreement among the temperatures obtained. RESULTS: The highest agreement with Tv during CPB was obtained from Tt1 (r = 0.94, 0.41 +/- 1.73, limits of agreement) and from Te (0.91, 0.36 +/- 2.46). Tt1 also showed good agreement with Tt2 during surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Infrared tympanic thermometry is a reliable, alternative method to measure tympanic temperature and may be useful to assess core temperature in both normothermic and mild hypothermic conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The role of colour Doppler ultrasonography in detecting prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) in detecting prostate cancer, by comparing CDUS with grey-scale transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 278 patients who underwent prostate biopsies because of an abnormal digital rectal examination, elevated prostate specific antigen levels, and/or abnormal TRUS between May 1998 and November 1999 were evaluated. The diagnostic accuracies of TRUS, CDUS, MRI and combinations of these imaging techniques in detecting prostate cancer were compared, based on the biopsy results. RESULTS: Carcinoma was detected in 233 of 1696 specimens, and 87 patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer. For each detected cancer site, the sensitivity of CDUS was lower than those of other imaging techniques, but CDUS had high a specificity and positive predictive value. The combination of grey-scale TRUS and CDUS or MRI improved the sensitivity and negative predictive value. The specificity and positive predictive value of the combination of grey-scale TRUS and MRI were less than those for grey-scale TRUS alone, while those for the combination of grey-scale TRUS and CDUS were higher than those for grey-scale TRUS alone. Five tumours were isoechoic but seen as hypervascular lesions with CDUS. CONCLUSION: CDUS provides information useful for detecting prostate cancer when used in combination with grey-scale TRUS, and should be included in the routine examination for prostate cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Nutritional status in adolescents and young adults with screen-detected celiac disease.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the nutritional status in patients with screen-detected celiac disease (CD). METHODS: Nutritional status was assessed by serum tests and anthropometric measures in 26 subjects (16 to 25 years of age) with biopsy-proven CD and 29 healthy control subjects (16 to 21 years of age) with negative tissue transglutaminase antibodies (16 to 22 years of age); all the subjects were selected from the cohort of 3654 schoolchildren. RESULTS: Compared with control subjects, CD patients had lower median values of whole blood folic acid (91 versus 109 nmol/L; P = 0.01), serum ferritin (14 versus 27 microg/L; P = 0.028) and pre-albumin (0.21 versus 0.28 g/L; P </= 0.001) and higher transferrin receptor (1.3 versus 1.1; P = 0.008) and serum transferrin receptor-ferritin index (1.2 versus 0.7; P = 0.006). Folic acid concentration was subnormal in 31% of the CD subjects (versus 14% of the controls) and iron status (transferrin receptor-ferritin index) was subnormal in 30% (versus 14%). Body mass index was not different in females of the CD and control groups (22 versus 22 kg/m2) or in the males of the respective groups (25 versus 24 kg/m2). Females with CD were shorter than the controls (mean 162 versus 167 cm; P = 0.018), but no difference was found in males. No association was found between the nutritional status and the markers of mucosal injury (villous-crypt measures), but titer of transglutaminase was associated with whole blood folic acid (r = -0.5; P = 0.016) and with transferrin receptor-ferritin index (r = 0.4, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: One third of screen-detected adolescent CD subjects have abnormalities in folate or iron status that call for early diagnosis and dietary treatment of the disease to prevent nutritional deficiencies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Variation in patterns of practice in diagnosing screen-detected prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the practice pattern of repeat prostate biopsies to detect prostate cancer, as there is growing evidence to support the recommendation that a repeat prostate biopsy should be taken after an initially negative prostate biopsy, the rate of cancer detection then being approximately 30%. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined the practice patterns of taking a repeat prostate biopsy after an initial negative biopsy and the predictors for cancer at repeat biopsy among 1536 patients who had an initial prostate biopsy because of an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (>4.0 ng/mL) or abnormal digital rectal examination. RESULTS: Of the 1536 men, 712 (46.4%) had cancer detected on the first biopsy; of the remaining 824 with no cancer detected, 268 (32.5%) had a repeat biopsy within a year, and 68 of these (25.4%) had cancer detected. Of the cancers detected at repeat biopsy, 31% were high-grade. Men with abnormal histology (prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or atypia) had an odds ratio of 3.2 (P < 0.001) for having a repeat biopsy. For men with normal initial prostate histology, those with an initial PSA of 10.0-20.0 and >20.0 ng/mL had an odds ratio of 3.6 and 4.5 (both P < 0.001), respectively, for a repeat prostate biopsy, compared with patients with a PSA of <10.0 ng/mL. However, the PSA level was not predictive of prostate cancer at repeat biopsy, but age and prostate volume were. CONCLUSIONS: A third of patients had a repeat biopsy after a negative biopsy. The most important factors influencing whether a patient was to have a repeat biopsy were initial biopsy histology and PSA level. However, the latter was not an important factor for predicting prostate cancer at repeat biopsy.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Impact of external quality assessment on antinuclear antibody detection performance.

Our objective was to evaluate performance of the clinical laboratories for the detection of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by using indirect immunofluorescence method (IIF), in France. A national external quality assessment (EQA) on ANA detection was organized by the French health products safety agency once a year since 1998. Between 606 to 687 laboratories together with six university reference laboratories experienced in performing tests in autoimmunity participated in the six-year consecutive survey. Each laboratory had to answer to methodological procedures and give coded responses. Variability in IIF methodological procedure was observed. Use of inappropriate microscope magnifications for reading slides or nonconventional cutoff dilution of serum were pointed out to concerned laboratories. Concerning ANA measurement, the rate of good responses ranged from 92.7% to 99.5% of the laboratories when the samples contained ANA. A wide dispersion of ANA titers obtained on a same sample was repeatly observed every year. Misinterpretation of particular fluorescence pattern was noticed. On ANA negative sample, the rate of good responses was 94.3%. In conclusion, ANA detection in routine practice is far from being standardized. However, EQA may have an impact on ANA detection performance when it is conducted on several consecutive year surveys, by providing advice for participating laboratories to limit inter laboratory variations related to methodological procedures.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed2002

Development and clinical trial of fluorescence PCR diagnostic kit to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a new diagnostic kit for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) detection on the basis of fluorescence PCR (F-PCR) and conduct clinical trial of this kit for assessing its performance in comparison with other diagnostic methods. METHODS: We collected 546 clinical sputum samples from patients with phthisis and normal subjects to examine TB by way of F-PCR in parallel with examination with modified R.culture, auramine smear with fluorescence staining and LCx DNA diagnostic kit from Abbott for comparison. RESULTS: A clinical diagnostic kit for TB detection was developed with F-PCR, and clinical trial showed that its positivity rate was 49.1%, sensitivity 89.2%, specificity 98.8% and efficiency 93.6%. CONCLUSION: F-PCR is obviously superior to culture method and smear method and comparable with LCx in terms of sensitivity, and can be used to monitor TB DNA in the secretions to facilitate clinical diagnose and therapeutic effects monitoring.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed2004

Diagnostic value of CA 15-3 antibody in detecting metastatic adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic value of CA 15-3 in detecting metastatic adenocarcinoma in body fluids using PreservCyt solution (Cytyc Corp., Boxborough, Massachusetts, U.S.A.) as collection fluid. STUDY DESIGN: Cytospin slides prepared from 72 cases with unequivocally benign or malignant diagnosis were studied. Of the cases studied, 34 were breast carcinomas, and 17 were benign pleural effusions. Slides were stained for CA 15-3 by using the avidin-biotin complex method. Cases were evaluated for the presence of membranous or cytoplasmic staining. The percentage of cells exhibiting strong staining was estimated for both breast carcinoma and all adenocarcinomas as a group. These results were compared with CA 15-3 staining exhibited by benign mesothelium. RESULTS: Ninety-one percent of the breast cancer cases studied showed a positive reaction with CA 15-3, while 6% of the benign mesothelium cases were positive (p < 0.01). The sensitivity of CA 15-3 was 91 % for breast carcinoma and 80% for all adenocarcinomas. Specificity was 94% for breast carcinoma and for all adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: CA 15-3 is a sensitive and specific marker for diagnosing adenocarcinoma in cytologic specimens using PreservCyt solution as collection fluid.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Rapid detection of HSV with an enzyme-linked virus inducible system (ELVIS) employing a genetically modified cell line.

BACKGROUND: Infections with herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are common and may cause severe disease in immunocompromised hosts and in neonates. Isolation of infectious HSV in tissue culture is the most sensitive method of detection, but is not the most rapid. Recently, however, an Enzyme-Linked Virus Inducible System (ELVIS) for rapid detection of HSV in culture has been developed. The system employs genetically engineered baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells (ELVIS cells) whose DNA bears and HSV inducible promoter gene chimerically linked to an E. coli LacZ "reporter" gene. Induction of the promoter by HSV leads to the production of LacZ product, beta-galactosidase, which is readily detected histochemically. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate these ELVIS cells, as a test for HSV, in comparison with HSV detection in MRC-5 cells in shell vial cultures confirmed by staining with fluorescent antibodies. STUDY DESIGN: Over a period of one month, 167 specimens submitted to the laboratory for detection of HSV were evaluated. Specimens were inoculated onto MRC-5 cells growing on glass coverslips in each of two shell vials and into two wells of a 24-well cluster plate containing ELVIS cells. MRC-5 shell vial cultures were observed daily for cpe for up to 7 days. With the appearance of cpe, the coverslips were fixed and the cells were typed for HSV-1 and HSV-2 with monoclonal antibodies. Specimens inoculated onto ELVIS cells were incubated for 16-24 h, then substrate was added to stain for beta-galactosidase. ELVIS cells, induced by HSV infection to express beta-galactosidase, stained blue upon reaction with substrate. RESULTS: Of 167 specimens inoculated onto MRC-5 cells, 13 were excluded because of contamination or toxicity. Among the remaining 154 specimens, 24 were positive for HSV in the MRC-5 shell vials. Of 166 specimens inoculated into the ELVIS cell, all were completed within 24 h. Twenty-three (23) of the 24 shell-vial-positive cultures also were positive on the ELVIS cells. All 23 specimens detected in the ELVIS cells were positive within 24 h, whereas only nine were positive within 24 hours in MRC-5 shell vial cultures. The remaining 15 became positive after 24 h. Specimens positive for viruses other than HSV-1 or HSV-2 were not positive on the ELVIS cells. CONCLUSIONS: The ELVIS assay for HSV is simple to perform, is rapid, sensitive, and specific. The assay detects both HSV-1 and HSV-2. No antibodies are required unless typing, which can be done on the ELVIS cells, is necessary.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

DNA microarray analysis for the detection of mutations in hemophilia A.

BACKGROUND: Congenital deficiency of factor (F) VIII results in the inherited X-linked bleeding disorder hemophilia A. More than 900 different mutations are reported in the hemophilia A mutation database with the largest number of mutations being single nucleotide substitutions distributed throughout the gene. Complicating the molecular characterization of this disease is the complexity of the F8 gene, the mutational heterogeneity, and technical limitations of the current mutation detection techniques. OBJECTIVE: Development of a DNA oligonucleotide microarray-based technique for F8 gene analysis to detect hemophilia A mutations. METHODS: To construct the oligonucleotide DNA microarray system: a total of 720, one base pair overlapping, 25-mer perfect match probes were designed from six exons of the F8 gene. Twenty-two different F8 gene mutations previously identified by CSGE and DNA sequence analysis were tested by using a loss-of-signal analysis approach. Differentially labeled wild type and hemophilic samples were co-hybridized to the array. Sequence alterations were detected by quantifying relative losses of test sample hybridization signals to the perfectly matched probes. RESULTS: A total of 22 different F8 mutations were tested. To test the sensitivity of the system, a blinded study was performed on 16 of the samples. F8 gene mutations can be detected with 96% efficiency with this microarray system. CONCLUSION: This proof-of-principle study has demonstrated that a F8 DNA microarray platform is an alternative gene mutation analysis approach that has a high sensitivity, and reproducibility. The methodology is, however, expensive and time consuming, and with the reduction in sequencing costs, direct sequencing is now the most cost and time efficient strategy for hemophilia A mutation analysis.

DNA Mutational Analysis↗
PubMed2002

Charge-coupled-device based scanner for tomography of fluorescent near-infrared probes in turbid media.

We present a novel tomographer for three-dimensional reconstructions of fluorochromes in diffuse media. Photon detection is based on charge-coupled device technology that allows the implementation of a large parallel array of detection channels with high sensitivity. Using this instrument we studied the response and detection limits of near-infrared fluorochromes in diffuse media as a function of light intensity and for a wide range of biologically relevant concentrations. We further examined the resolution of the scanner and the reconstruction linearity achieved. We demonstrate that the instrument attains better than 3 mm resolution, is linear within more than two orders of magnitude of fluorochrome concentration, and can detect fluorescent objects at femto-mole quantities in small animal-like geometries. These measurements delineate detection and reconstruction characteristics associated with imaging of novel classes of fluorescent probes developed for in vivo molecular and functional probing of tissues.

Biophysical Phenomena↗