Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “intelligence”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

The relationship between blood lead, bone lead and child intelligence.

We report associations between serial measures of blood lead and intelligence in children age 10-12 years, half heavily exposed to lead from the prenatal period onward, and half relatively unexposed. For a subsample, we examine bone lead-IQ associations, comparing them with bone lead associations. Both blood and bone lead levels were associated with intelligence decrements, small relative to the contribution of social factors. For each doubling of Tib-Pb, Full Scale, Performance, and Verbal IQ decreased by an estimated 5.5, 6.2, and 4.1 points, respectively. Bone lead-IQ associations were stronger than those for blood lead, which nonetheless provide robust analogues. Current BPb, easy to obtain, provides a useful means for assessing Pb exposure/IQ associations.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1981

Correlations of some brief measures of intelligence with the WISC-R for a group of exceptional children.

Correlations were calculated between the Slosson Intelligence Test, Quick Test forms 1 and 3, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-R for a group of 93 students (58 boys and 35 girls) who were in Special Education classes. It was found that the Slosson, Quick Tests, and PPVT correlated higher with the verbal scale of the WISC-R than with the Full-scale or Performance scale. It was concluded that the more briefly administered tests do not provide scores that can be considered to be comparable to the WISC-R Full-scale.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Intelligence and family marital structure: the case of adolescents from monogamous and polygamous families among Bedouin Arabs in Israel.

The levels of intelligence among Bedouin Arab adolescents from monogamous and polygamous families living in the Negev region of Israel were examined. A shortened version of the Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM) test (S. Elbedour, T. J. Bouchard, & Y. Hur, 1997; J. Raven, J. C. Raven, & J. H. Court, 1998) was used to assess intelligence. There were no significant test score differences between adolescents from monogamous families and adolescents from polygamous families. In addition, participants with 2 mothers tended to have lower RPM scores than those with 3 or 4 mothers, and participants with related parents tended to have lower RPM scores than participants with unrelated parents. One major finding of this study is that polygamous family marital structures tended not to have deleterious effects on the Bedouin Arab adolescents' RPM test scores.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Mnestic performance profile of a bilateral diencephalic infarct patient with preserved intelligence and severe amnesic disturbances.

The case of a patient with above-average intelligence and educational background, high motivation, and an approximate IQ-MQ difference of 40 points is documented. The patient has been examined repeatedly for nearly a decade. Extensive neuroradiological material of his focal bilateral brain damage in the dorsal diencephalon is available. A widespread range of cognitive tests was used to investigate his actual performance on all relevant aspects of intelligence, attention, subjective memory, immediate retention, learning, skill and problem solving abilities, concept formation, cognitive flexibility, priming, constructional ability, retrograde memory, and long-term retention. The total of more than 50 tests included German-language forms of the revised Wechsler Memory Scale and of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test. The patient's short-term memory and attention were, in spite of his advanced years, average or well above average. He gave a number of examples of still intact skills and implicit memory abilities, though there was no uniformity in his performance on implicit memory tests (e.g., with respect to stored vs. new implicit information). He had no awareness of his severe anterograde and retrograde amnesia, documented over a large range of verbal and figural tests. Taken together, the results from our patient confirm the principal dichotomy between declarative and nondeclarative mnestic functions, but give evidence for some restrictions as well. They furthermore demonstrate that focal diencephalic damage may result in profound anterograde and selective retrograde amnesia, especially with respect to data-based material, and that disconnecting portions of the medial and basolateral limbic circuits has devastating consequences on memory.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Callosal morphology and performance on intelligence tests.

Variation in the size of the human corpus callosum was examined in relation to variation in measured IQ. The midsagittal surface area of the corpus callosum, obtained by magnetic resonance imaging, was measured in 47 patients with epilepsy. Intellectual ability was positively related to a larger posterior callosal area. We suggest that the relationship between the posterior callosal region and measured intelligence is "non-functional" in itself, but rather, may reflect other anatomical-cognitive associations. That is, differences in splenial size may reflect differences in the number of cortical neurons and interconnections between areas of the brain that are important for processing the kind of information measured on intelligence tests. Our conclusions, however, must be tempered by a number of factors; in particular, the nature of our subjects and the relatively small sample size.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Effectiveness and usability of artificial intelligence-powered assistive technologies in Supporting daily activities of children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the main cause of motor disabilities in childhood, necessitating innovative approaches to rehabilitation and assistive technology (AT). Simultaneously, artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into devices to create more adaptive, personalized, and effective AT. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and usability of AI-powered assistive technologies designed to support daily activities and rehabilitation in children with CP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and IEEE Xplore, were systematically searched, and 23 articles were included in the final analysis. Articles were identified, selected, and categorized into emerging thematic areas based on the primary function and application of the technology. RESULTS: Five key thematic topics were identified: 1) AI-driven motor rehabilitation and gait training for functional mobility; 2) intelligent assessment and monitoring systems for clinical decision support; 3) AI-supported communication, social interaction, and intention recognition tools; 4) gamified and virtual reality-based interventions to enhance engagement and usability; and 5) smart assistive systems supporting daily living and independent mobility. The findings demonstrate a strong trend toward the application of AI technologies in personalized, engaging, and data-driven interventions for children with CP. However, the field is predominantly in the proof-of-concept stage, with limitations including small sample sizes, lack of long-term clinical validation, challenges in user-centered design, and usability for children with CP. CONCLUSION: AI-powered assistive technologies hold significant potential for transforming the care of children with CP by enabling highly personalized and engaging interventions. To actualize this potential, future work must realize that practical application remains challenging owing to limited clinical validation, technological integration, and usability barriers for children with CP. Future research must prioritize user-centered design and multidisciplinary collaboration to ensure that AI and robotic advancements improve the usability and quality of life for children with CP.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

IQ-based norms for highly intelligent adults.

This study presents normative data of commonly used neuropsychological tests administered to 75 individuals with high levels of intelligence (estimated IQ > or = 120). Participants were living independently in the community with ages ranging from 44 to 86. To avoid including individuals with an incipient dementia, we selected subjects who scored within the normal range on all cognitive tests for at least a two-year period. The norms are presented in table format to help clinicians easily identify a typical cognitive performance in highly intelligent individuals and to provide a useful guide for detecting abnormal cognitive decline in individuals at risk for progressive dementia.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Fluid intelligence in an older COPD sample after short- or long-term exercise.

PURPOSE: Research supports an association between aerobic fitness and cognitive functioning in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, the impact of exercise intervention duration has not been satisfactorily examined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 3-month and an 18-month exercise intervention on the cognitive functioning of an older COPD sample. METHODS: COPD patients (56-80 yr) were given a 3-month exercise program and then were randomly assigned to continue for an additional 15 months (long-term group) or to leave the exercise program (short-term group). Age and education were assessed before involvement in the exercise intervention (baseline). Fluid intelligence, pulmonary function, aerobic fitness, and depression were assessed at baseline, at 3 months, and at 18 months. RESULTS: After 3 months of exercise, results indicated that cognitive function and walk distance improved significantly. Results also indicated that the gain in cognitive function was reliably predicted by the decrease in VE at VO2peak. At 18 months, results indicated that cognitive performance did not differ between the short- and long-term exercise groups, but that walk distance improved significantly for the long-term group, but not for the short-term group. Results of a regression analysis showed that the cognitive performance improvement from 3 months to 18 months was predicted by the gain in walk distance and by the decrease in VE at VO2peak. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that improvements in aerobic fitness are associated with gains in fluid intelligence after 3 and 18 months of exercise training in COPD patients. However, at 18 months, exercise group was not predictive of the gains in cognitive performance. Therefore, a 3-month exercise program may be a sufficient impetus to foster these cognitive gains in COPD patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhancing emotional intelligence in the health care environment: an exploratory study.

Emotional intelligence (EI), or knowledge of how emotions function in self and others, is a popular construct in both scientific and professional communities. Current theoretical models suggest that EI is a combination of dynamic skills that can be learned and enhanced through participation in targeted intervention programs. Although popular, few if any of the aforementioned interventions have been subjected to empirical scrutiny. Consistent with calls for efficacy studies of intervention programs, the purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the effect of an adventure-based intervention on the EI of employees of a multisite dental practice. Fifteen individuals completed the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test before and after participation in a day-long intervention. Results suggest that the intervention had a small but positive effect on the participants' EI and that improvements in the 4 branches of EI varied within employee subgroups. Implications for future research and practical considerations for the health care environment are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Artificial Intelligence for Diagnosing Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies.

PURPOSE: To identify, appraise, and synthesize the performance of artificial intelligence-based meibography reading as compared with human graders in diagnosing meibomian gland dysfunction. METHODS: We followed Cochrane methodology and reporting guidelines for diagnostic test accuracy reviews. To assess potential risk of bias and applicability, we used a modified Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 checklist. We applied bivariate logistic models to estimate summary sensitivity and specificity when appropriate and used the GRADE framework to rate the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS: We identified 14 eligible studies involving 5511 predominantly middle-aged participants (average age: 27-55 years) who were primarily female (≥54.5%). A total of 18,926 meibography images were obtained through noncontact infrared (11 studies) or in vivo confocal microscopy (three studies). Two studies reported external validation of deep learning models, 12 reported internally validated models, and one reported both. All but one study had high risk of bias in at least one domain; 12 studies raised high or intermediate concern about applicability. Based on three external evaluations, the summary sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing meibomian gland dysfunction from normal glands were 97.5% (95% confidence interval: 77.5%-99.8%) and 85.5% (95% confidence interval: 47.3%-97.5%). Sources of heterogeneity in internally validated models included study population, case mix, and others. The overall evidence was very low to low certainty because of imprecision, high risk of bias, and concerns about applicability. CONCLUSIONS: Artificial intelligence-based meibography grading appears less accurate than human graders. Future studies should adopt rigorous designs, including a more diverse participant pool (or image set), and external validation.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

The Role of Artificial Intelligence Combined With Digital Cholangioscopy for Indeterminant and Malignant Biliary Strictures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Current endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and cholangioscopic-based diagnostic sampling for indeterminant biliary strictures remain suboptimal. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms by means of computer vision in machine learning have been applied to cholangioscopy in an effort to improve diagnostic yield. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of AI-based diagnostic performance of AI-associated cholangioscopic diagnosis of indeterminant or malignant biliary strictures. METHODS: Individualized searches were developed in accordance with PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, and meta-analysis according to Cochrane Diagnostic Test Accuracy working group methodology. A bivariate model was used to compute pooled sensitivity and specificity, likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and summary receiver operating characteristics curve (SROC). RESULTS: Five studies (n=675 lesions; a total of 2,685,674 cholangioscopic images) were included. All but one study analyzed a deep learning AI-based system using a convoluted neural network (CNN) with an average image processing speed of 30 to 60 frames per second. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 95% (95% CI: 85-98) and 88% (95% CI: 76-94), with a diagnostic accuracy (SROC) of 97% (95% CI: 95-98). Sensitivity analysis of CNN studies (4 studies, 538 patients) demonstrated a pooled sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (SROC) of 95% (95% CI: 82-99), 88% (95% CI: 72-95), and 97% (95% CI: 95-98), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Artificial intelligence-based machine learning of cholangioscopy images appears to be a promising modality for the diagnosis of indeterminant and malignant biliary strictures.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Using short-term concentration measures and intelligence in rehabilitation settings.

Psychological assessment of cognitive functioning among clinical groups that include psychiatric and geriatric patients is a difficult task. This study examines the interrelationship between intelligence and concentrative ability for a group of psychiatric patients. Intellectual and concentrative ability were assessed among a group of 85, predominantly schizophrenic, patients (mean age 32 years) from a Sheltered Workshop (GWN) and neurological-psychiatric institutionalized care units within the Neuss region of North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany. Moderate bivariate relationships were found between all IQ subtests and the concentration performance variables (d2). A substantial overlap in variance was found between "nonverbal" intelligence and the concentration variables (using multiple regression and discrimination analysis). Error rate on the concentration task was significantly negatively correlated with the IQ variables, the magnitude of the correlation coefficient increasing as a function of the time on the task. Future studies would benefit from comparisons in factor structure similarity between abnormal and normal groups as well as between-clinical groups. At a practical level, the relatively easy use (less complex administration) and less obtrusive (hence, low level of personal threat) and inexpensive procedures of the letter cancellation task makes it a useful, albeit "approximate", measure of cognitive functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Intelligent systems in the context of surrounding environment.

We investigate the behavioral patterns of a population of agents, each controlled by a simple biologically motivated neural network model, when they are set in competition against each other in the minority model of Challet and Zhang. We explore the effects of changing agent characteristics, demonstrating that crowding behavior takes place among agents of similar memory, and show how this allows unique "rogue" agents with higher memory values to take advantage of a majority population. We also show that agents' analytic capability is largely determined by the size of the intermediary layer of neurons. In the context of these results, we discuss the general nature of natural and artificial intelligence systems, and suggest intelligence only exists in the context of the surrounding environment (embodiment).

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2026

Upcycling Vegetable Waste Into Functional Food Ingredients via Synergistic Microbial Engineering and Artificial Intelligence.

The escalating generation of global vegetable waste represents a critical loss of bioactive resources, necessitating a paradigm shift from passive disposal to active nutrient upcycling. However, the industrial conversion of this heterogeneous biomass into standardized functional food ingredients is currently impeded by significant techno-economic barriers, primarily structural recalcitrance, compositional inconsistency, and the presence of toxic fermentation inhibitors. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the synergistic application of microbial engineering and artificial intelligence (AI) to resolve these bioprocessing bottlenecks within a food-to-food closed-loop framework (as shown in the graphical abstract). We evaluate recent advances in engineering food-grade microbial chassis (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli) to enhance lignocellulose degradation and stress tolerance. Concurrently, we examine the integration of AI across the entire value chain, covering deep learning-based rational enzyme design, genome-scale metabolic modeling, and intelligent process control for precision fermentation. Current evidence demonstrates that the hardware-software coupling of engineered strains and AI algorithms significantly enhances conversion efficiency and process robustness. Key findings highlight that AI-driven Design-Build-Test-Learn cycles facilitate the de novo creation of enzymes with superior kinetics and strains with adaptive stress response capabilities against toxins. Moreover, dynamic digital twin models effectively mitigate the impact of substrate variability, ensuring the batch-to-batch consistency required for food applications. We conclude that this data-driven synergistic paradigm is pivotal for establishing a resilient circular bioeconomy, enabling the reliable bioconversion of waste into high-value single-cell proteins, natural flavor additives, and sustainable packaging materials.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2026

Artificial intelligence in genitourinary oncology: publication trends and systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct an analysis of publication trends and a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to characterize the current state of artificial intelligence (AI) use in genitourinary (GU) oncology, as AI has emerged as a transformative tool in healthcare with potential applications in diagnostics, treatment planning, and prognostication. METHODS: We searched the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE; Ovid), and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Ultimate for studies related to AI and GU oncology, excluding non-English papers, non-human studies, review articles, and articles using AI solely for manuscript writing. Publication trends were analysed from 2013 to 2023 and categorized by study design and cancer type. RCTs were evaluated through systematic review using Covidence (Veritas Health Innovation Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) for screening and data extraction. Two reviewers independently assessed all studies, with risk of bias (RoB) evaluated using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. RESULTS: Of 2409 articles identified, 1220 met inclusion criteria. These included 962 retrospective articles, 175 prospective studies, 79 studies with combined retrospective/prospective methods, and four RCTs. Studies most commonly addressed prostate (n = 923), renal (n = 274), and urothelial (n = 194) cancers. Publications grew from 14 in 2013 to 362 in 2023, with substantial acceleration in 2019. Four RCTs were identified - one in urothelial cancer and three in prostate cancer. Two RCTs evaluated AI-based diagnostics, demonstrating improved performance over conventional methods; the remaining two RCTs evaluated AI in prognostication and treatment planning, showing improved gains in imaging interpretation and operational efficiency. RoB varied across studies, primarily related to randomisation and deviations from intended interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Artificial intelligence research in GU oncology has grown, although high-level evidence from RCTs remains limited. Existing trials underscore AI's promise in diagnostics, prognostication, and treatment planning, and the rapidly evolving nature of this field warrants continued prospective investigation.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Dominantly inherited microcephaly, hypotelorism and normal intelligence.

A family with dominantly inherited microcephaly, hypotelorism and normal intelligence is described. Their facial appearance is very similar, with malar hypoplasia. Psychometric testing in two generations revealed normal intelligence. Cranial CT scans showed no evidence of abnormality. This reports emphasises the need for family and psychometric studies in uncomplicated microcephaly.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Correction of developmental and intelligence test scores for premature birth.

When using tests of infant development and intelligence in children born prematurely, the subject's age is commonly corrected for the degree of prematurity. However, there is disagreement: first, on whether this correction should ever be applied, and second, at what age to discontinue the adjustment. In a theoretical model, the difference between corrected and uncorrected scores in early infancy was massive and the difference remained clinically important until the age of 8.5 years in children who were born extremely prematurely. The clinical implications of using corrected or uncorrected scores were then evaluated in 174 very low birthweight children without severe sensorineural disabilities and with paired Bayley Mental Development Index (MDI) and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence (WPPSI) full scale scores. Failure to correct for prematurity reduced the mean MDI by 12.1 points but reduced the mean WPPSI by only 4.1 points. The disparity between individual MDI and WPPSI scores increased significantly with decreasing gestational age if uncorrected scores were used (P = 0.015) but not if scores were corrected. Using corrected scores, the MDI correctly predicted the WPPSI category in 86.1% of children (P less than 0.001) but in only 54.6% using uncorrected scores (the difference was not significant). It is suggested that a practical solution to the dilemma is to correct test scores for prematurity in the age range 2-8.5 years recognizing that only in extremely immature infants will uncorrected scores be substantially lower than corrected ones at a later age.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Rapid evaluation of intelligence in adults with epilepsy.

This study evaluates the Wonderlic Personnel Test and its ability to duplicate the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Full Scale IQ. The Wonderlic can be given and scored by a clerk in approximately 15 min and is suitable for both individual and group administration. With the use of original (n = 100) cross-validational (n = 50) adult epileptic samples, no biases or distortions in predictability were observed across the variables of sex, age, years of education, level of intelligence, neuropsychological impairment, emotional status, primary seizure diagnosis, etiology of seizure disorder, age at onset of seizure disorder, and seizure activity. The average error in estimation of WAIS Full Scale IQs from Wonderlic IQs ranges from 0.1 to 0.3 of a single IQ point. In individual cases, there is a 90% probability that the Wonderlic will render an IQ score within 10 points of the WAIS Full Scale IQ. The Wonderlic appears to be useful in both clinical and research contexts in evaluating people with seizure disorders.

Adolescent↗