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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Computer-assisted generation of all-ceramic crowns and fixed partial dentures.

The successful application of the concept of computer-assisted manufacturing in restorative dentistry requires that computer-assisted design (CAD) and computer-assisted machining (CAM) not only meet but actually exceed currently accepted standards for the material and clinical quality of dental restorations. In addition, the continued development of systems for polyvalent processing of disparate materials and objects must be assured. With these critical requirements in mind, the Precident system is a clinically proven and competitive system. The resolving power of the CCD chip is much improved compared to conventional cameras or charge-coupled devices. The scanner is able to scan entire casts in a fully automated process. In principle, this facilitates the production of frameworks for fixed prosthetic devices (FPD) of any size. It is also possible to create at least partial frameworks for removable prosthetic devices (RPD). A factor of great clinical and economic importance is the polyvalence of the process in materials processing: the numeric control (NC) machine can be programmed for metal alloys and ceramic materials as well as fiber-reinforced resins. At Aeskulap Klinik, the Precident System is routinely used for producing all single crowns and FPDs with up to four units. CAD/CAM all-ceramic crowns and FPDs currently cost about the same as metallo-ceramic or conventional all-ceramic restorations.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1986

Application of computer graphics in the design of custom orthopedic implants.

Implementation of newly developed computer modelling techniques and computer graphics displays and software have greatly aided the orthopedic design engineer and physician in creating a custom implant with good anatomic conformity in a short turnaround time. Further advances in computerized design and manufacturing will continue to simplify the development of custom prostheses and enlarge their niche in the joint replacement market.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1998

Single-step fronto-orbital resection and reconstruction with individual resection template and corresponding titanium implant: a new method of computer-aided surgery.

In the cranio-maxillofacial field, computer-aided surgery based on computed tomography (CT) data is becoming more and more important. Navigation systems, which allow the precise intraoperative orientation of surgical instruments, can be used for greater accuracy in determining resection margins of tumours. These techniques support ablative procedures very well, but defect reconstruction still remains a problem. In contrast, computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems allow the construction and fabrication of individual templates for bone resection based on coherent numerical 3-D models. The template determines the exact pathway of an oscillating saw so that the planned extent of the resection and, if necessary, also the orientation of the cutting plane are verified. An individual titanium implant is prefabricated with a geometry fitting to that of the template. This implant closes the bone defect so that the contour is reconstructed precisely and individually. This new method was used for the first time for a single-step resection of a meningioma and defect-reconstruction. The tumour which had infiltrated the frontal bone resulting in a protrusion. Fronto-orbital resection and insertion of the titanium implant worked precisely as planned, so that this method offers promising new applications in the field of computer-aided surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Metal search: a computer program that helps design tetrahedral metal-binding sites.

We describe a computer program (Metal Search) that helps design tetrahedrally coordinated metal binding sites in proteins of known structure. The program takes as input the backbone coordinates of a protein and outputs lists of four residues that might form tetrahedral sites if wild-type amino acids were replaced by cysteine or histidine. The program also outputs the side chain dihedral angles of the amino acids and the coordinates of the predicted metal ion. The only function evaluated by Metal Search is the ability of side chains to meet simple geometric criteria for formation of a tetrahedral site, but these criteria are sufficient to produce a manageably small list that can then be evaluated by other means. The program has been used in the introduction of zinc binding sites in the designed four-helix bundle protein alpha 4 and in the B1 domain of streptococcal protein G, and in both cases the tetrahedral coordination of a bound metal ion has been confirmed (Klemba, M., Gardner, K. H., Marino, S., Clarke, N.D., and Regan, L., Nature: Structural Biology 2:368-373, 1995).

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2005

High-resolution 3D scaffold model for engineered tissue fabrication using a rapid prototyping technique.

Rapid prototyping, automatic image processing (computer-aided design (CAD)) and computer-aided manufacturing techniques are opening new and interesting prospects for medical devices and tissue engineering, especially for hard tissues such as bone. The development of a bone high-resolution scaffold prototype using these techniques is described. The results testify to the fidelity existing between microtomographic reconstruction and CAD. Furthermore, stereolithographic manufacturing of this scaffold, which possesses a high degree of similarity to the starting model as monitored by morphological evaluations (mean diameter 569 +/- 147 microm), represents a promising result for regenerative medicine applications.

Bone Substitutes↗
PubMed2000

[The design of axial flow pump].

Axial flow pump has been the hot point of the research field of circulatory support. This article has outlined the basic principle of its design and the methodology of its experimental study, and explained that excellent engineer design, avoiding turbulence, cavitation and wake, and reducing the destroy of red blood cells were the goal to get in design process. The computer-supported design and virtual experiment offered the high efficient tool for the above design. The axial pump has a broad scope in future clinical application.

Computer-Aided Design↗
PubMed2005

Orthoses for mild scoliosis: a prospective study comparing traditional plaster mold manufacturing with fast, noncontact, 3-dimensional acquisition.

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective comparison of 2 different methods to make orthoses in mild scoliosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of orthoses made by a computer-aided design procedure. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: It is now possible to make orthoses by a computer-aided design procedure. In order to evaluate this new method, we carried out a comparative study between the traditional and computer-aided design-manufactured orthoses. METHODS: In this prospective study, we compared the 2 methods by studying the cases of 30 adolescents with mild scoliosis. For each patient requiring orthopaedic treatment, we made 2 ortheses: 1 using the traditional method and 1 using the computer-aided design method. There were 26 girls and 4 boys whose average age was 13 years and 3 months. Each body jacket was successively used in random order following the same protocol. Neither the prescriber nor the patient knew the origin of the orthosis used. The final choice of the orthosis was made using 3 criteria: first, improvement of the scoliotic curves on the frontal and lateral radiologic planes, and second, the patient's impression of comfort. RESULTS: For the 30 cases, 13 traditional and 16 computer-aided design body jackets were chosen. In 1 case, no significant difference allowed us to chose one body jacket rather than the other. For the frontal radiologic correction, the better results were obtained 3 times with the computer-aided design body jacket, 5 times with the traditional one, and in 22 cases, the results were equivalent. For the lateral radiologic correction, the better results were obtained 11 times with the computer-aided design body jacket, 3 times with the traditional one, and in 16 cases, the results were equivalent. For the comfort of the 2 body jackets for each patient, the better results were obtained 12 times with the computer-aided design body jacket, 8 times with the traditional one, and in 10 cases, the results were equivalent. CONCLUSION: Based on our results, we believe that the computer-aided design procedure is equally efficient to traditional method for mild scoliotic curves.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

On the assets of CAD planning for craniosynostosis surgery.

SkullWiz is a computer-aided design program that transforms computer tomographic data of the neurocranium into a mathematical model that can be interactively manipulated to plan craniosynostosis surgery. Proper planning of this type of surgery involves reference to the underlying viscerocranium and to normal neurocranial dimensions, simulation of all basic surgical actions (closed and open osteotomy, translation, rotation, bending, removal, burring), and reference to the mechanical properties of calvarial bone at a given age. With SkullWiz, infinite trials are possible to develop a surgical plan that combines minimal action with maximum morphologic result. In contrast, physical models, e.g., foam milled or stereolitographic, provide just a single (or double, after gluing) opportunity to visualize three-dimensional morphology and simulate a treatment plan, without reference support. Validation of SkullWiz is difficult due to parameter variability. Its assets are therefore graphically exemplified in two common types of nonsyndromatic single-suture craniosynostosis-trigonocephaly and anterior plagiocephaly. SkullWiz is one of the most accurate planning tools currently available for craniosynostosis surgery. Accurate transfer of the planning by aluminium templates results in efficient and precise surgery by avoiding per-operative "chipping and fitting."

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Modeling and finite element analysis of a new revision implant for the elbow.

Failed total elbow arthroplasties often are associated with significant bone loss, especially at the level of both humeral condyles. Regular implants might not be ideal for those revision cases and either custom-made implants or complex bone reconstruction procedures with grafts are needed. The goal of the current study was to develop a new revision implant, based on an existing total elbow system (GSB III). The new revision humeral component, with an anterior flange instead of condylar flanges, was designed in a computer-aided design program and virtually implanted in a modeled humerus from a cadaver and subsequently was tested in a finite element model under different loading conditions. The overall distribution of the von Mises stress, as a generalized stress intensity factor, did not differ significantly between the GSB III and the new revision component. There was a tendency that the anterior flange, compared with the condylar flanges, protected the implant-cement-bone interface in the critical region of the distal stem. The finite element analysis suggests that the revision concept for failed total elbow arthroplasties, to rely on existing anterior humerus cortex instead of reconstruction of the condylar bone, seems to have no disadvantage in terms of stress distribution on the implant.

Arthroplasty, Replacement↗
PubMed1990

[Computer-assisted technologies in dentistry].

The introduction and production of the Cerec-System was the first time, when a method of computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) of dental restorations moves to the chairside. New technologies like optical impression, solid modelling of crown shapes by CAD-Programs or computer controlled milling were acquired from the field of industrial production. Nevertheless, the Cerec-Systems is indicated only in a limited range of clinical situations, and the production of a well fitting computer-designed full crown is not yet possible at this stage of development. It can only be guessed whether these advancements will be achieved in the near future.

Crowns↗
PubMed2006

Application of self-organizing maps in compounds pattern recognition and combinatorial library design.

In the computer-aided drug design, in order to find some new leads from a large library of compounds, the pattern recognition study of the diversity and similarity assessment of the chemical compounds is required; meanwhile in the combinatorial library design, more attention is given to design target focusing library along with diversity and drug-likeness criteria. This review presents the current state-of-art applications of Kohonen self-organizing maps (SOM) for studying the compounds pattern recognition, comparing the property of molecular surfaces, distinguishing drug-like and nondrug-like molecules, splitting a dataset into the proper training and test sets before constructing a QSAR (Quantitative Structural-Activity Relationship) model, and also for the combinatorial libraries comparison and the combinatorial library design. The Kohonen self-organizing map will continue to play an important role in drug discovery and library design.

Computer Simulation↗