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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Arachidonic acid-induced hind limb gangrene: a new experimental rat model of peripheral vascular disease.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of arachidonic acid-induced peripheral vascular disease in rats. Injecting arachidonic acid (2 mg/leg) into the femoral artery caused hind limb gangrene. Histopathological examination revealed occlusive thrombi and marked vascular injury, including denudation of the endothelium and degeneration of the media in the paw arteries. Arachidonic acid injection markedly enhanced the platelet response to both U-46619 and collagen. Although the number of circulating platelets did not differ between sham-operation rats and arachidonic acid-injected rats, the numbers of circulating white blood cells and red blood cells were raised 10 d after arachidonic acid injection. Thrombocytopenia, induced before arachidonic acid injection, markedly suppressed arachidonic acid-induced hind limb gangrene in rats. In addition, the combined administration of aspirin (100 mg/kg/d, p.o.) and ticlopidine (300 mg/kg/d, p.o.) prevented the progression of arachidonic acid-induced hind limb gangrene. These results suggest that platelets are involved in the progression of arachidonic acid-induced hind limb gangrene. This experimental rat model may be suitable for developing novel drugs for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Clinical significance of subcortical vascular disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) typically present with memory complaints. Some of these patients have subcortical vascular disease on computed tomography (CT) scan, namely white matter changes and lacunar infarcts, however it is not known whether these findings are associated with more pronounced cognitive deficits. In the present study we compare demographic, clinical and neuropsychological characteristics of MCI patients according to the presence or the absence of subcortical vascular disease. Forty consecutive patients with memory complaints, at least one neuropsychological memory test below 1 SD the normal for age and education, and maintained activities of daily living, were included. Patients with dementia, history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, or other brain disorders, were excluded. Twenty-five (62.5%) patients with MCI had no ischemic lesions on CT scan, and 15 (37.5%) were found to have subcortical vascular changes. MCI patients with subcortical vascular changes were older (77.1 +/- 6.8 vs. 70.8 +/- 7.5 years old), and more often males. The number of vascular risk factors, the frequency of neurological signs, the Hachinski score and the neuropsychological tests scores were not significantly different. The presence of subcortical vascular disease on CT scan is frequent in older patients with MCI, but does not appear to be associated with the severity of cognitive deficits.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Inherited renal and vascular diseases].

The advances in molecular biology during the last decade have revealed the genes responsible for inherited renal and vascular diseases and their mutations. These genes code structure proteins, receptors, channels, transporters, and signal proteins, which are specifically expressed in the renal and vascular systems. Other genes code modulators of the system. These findings have provided the understanding of molecular mechanisms of hereditary disorders and may open the way for genetic diagnosis of inherited renal and vascular diseases in the field of laboratory medicine.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Peripheral vascular diseases resulting from chronic arsenical poisoning.

Drinking water contaminated by arsenic remains a major public health problem. Long-term arsenic exposure has been found to be associated with peripheral vascular diseases in a variety of studies. Reports of vascular effects of arsenic in drinking water, which span almost 100 years, have been published in Taiwan, Chile, Mexico, and China. This paper reviewed the association of peripheral vascular diseases resulting from arsenic exposure to drinking water from the clinical and pathological points of view. An endemic peripheral vascular disorder called "blackfoot disease" has been noticed in a limited area in Taiwan. This disease results in gangrene in the extremities. It has been associated with the ingestion of high concentrations of arsenic-tainted artesian well water. Epidemiological studies confirmed a dose-response relationship between long-term arsenic exposure and the occurrence of blackfoot disease. Whereas arsenic has induced various clinical manifestations of vascular effects in Chile, Mexico and China, they do not compare in magnitude or severity to the blackfoot disease found in Taiwan. The pathogenesis of vascular effects induced by arsenic is still controversial. The possible mechanisms include endothelial cell destruction, arsenic-associated atherogenesis, carotene and zinc deficiency, and/or some immunological mechanism. Microcirculatory assessments revealed that deficits of capillary blood flow and permeability exist in clinically normal skin of patients with chronic arsenical poisoning. The vascular effects of chronic arsenic poisoning may involve cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems as well. In view of the increasing public health problems caused by arsenic exposure, vascular effects should be included in the future study of health effects of arsenic.

Arsenic↗
PubMed2003

Prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and related vascular diseases in southwestern arseniasis-endemic and nonendemic areas in Taiwan.

There is evidence indicating that ingestion of arsenic may predispose the development of diabetes mellitus in arsenic-endemic areas in Taiwan. However, the prevalence of diabetes and related vascular diseases in the entire southwestern arseniasis-endemic and nonendemic areas remains to be elucidated. We used the National Health Insurance Database for 1999-2000 to derive the prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes and related vascular diseases by age and sex among residents in southwestern arseniasis-endemic and nonendemic areas in Taiwan. The study included 66,667 residents living in endemic areas and 639,667 in nonendemic areas, all greater than or equal to 25 years of age. The status of diabetes and vascular diseases was ascertained through disease diagnosis and treatment prescription included in the reimbursement claims of clinics and hospitals. The prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes, age- and gender-adjusted to the general population in Taiwan, was 7.5% (95% confidence interval, 7.4-7.7%) in the arseniasis-endemic areas and 3.5% (3.5-3.6%) in the nonendemic areas. Among both diabetics and nondiabetics, higher prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular diseases was observed in arseniasis-endemic than in the nonendemic areas. Age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of microvascular disease in endemic and nonendemic areas was 20.0% and 6.0%, respectively, for diabetics, and 8.6% and 1.0%, respectively, for nondiabetics. The corresponding prevalence of macrovascular disease was 25.3% and 13.7% for diabetics, and 12.3% and 5.5% for nondiabetics. Arsenic has been suggested to increase the risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and its related micro- and macrovascular diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Lipoprotein(a) serum levels and vascular diseases in an older Caucasian population cohort. Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging (ILSA).

OBJECTIVE: To investigate elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels as a risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, intermittent claudication, and combination of the above in a cohort of unselected older individuals. DESIGN: Population cohort from one of the eight centers participating in the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging (ILSA). SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS: A subsample of 446 subjects (M/F: 231/ 215, mean age: 74.5 +/- 5.7 years) of the original, randomly selected, population cohort of 704 individuals, 65 to 84 years of age, free-living or institutionalized in the Impruneta Municipality, area of Florence, Italy. MEASUREMENTS: Conventional vascular risk factors and vascular diseases defined following a two-step procedure (screening phase and confirmation on positives) using standard and validated criteria. Lp(a) levels determined by an ELISA method. RESULTS: No association was observed between elevated Lp(a) levels alone and any of the examined vascular diseases (stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, and intermittent claudication). In contrast, examining the interactions between elevated Lp(a) and conventional vascular risk factors, when elevated Lp(a) was combined with a history of smoking, a marked increase in the risk of vascular diseases combined (odds ratio [OR]: 4.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27-13.40) was observed, much higher than that expected based on the additive effect of smoking and elevated Lp(a) alone. CONCLUSIONS: With the cautions due to the cross-sectional design of the study and the limited statistical power, these results suggest a possible synergistic effect between elevated Lp(a) levels and other pro-atherogenic factors such as smoking on the risk of vascular diseases in older individuals.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2005

The predictive value of lipid markers in vascular disease.

Lipid markers are well established predictors of vascular disease. The most frequently measured lipid variables are total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. In this review we consider the predictive value of these variables and other more specialised related tests. We also discuss the effect of lipid altering drugs on these markers. The interaction of other vascular risk factors and the lipid effects of non-lipid altering drugs (e.g. blood pressure lowering agents) are also briefly described. Similarly, we discuss the effects of lipid lowering drugs on non-lipid vascular risk factors. Finally, we briefly consider the effect of altering the lipid profile on surrogate markers and events associated with atherosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Pulmonary hypertension in the collagen vascular diseases.

Pulmonary hypertension is increasingly recognized as a complication of the collagen vascular diseases. Both isolated and secondary forms of the disease may be appreciated. Pulmonary hypertension is observed with high prevalence in scleroderma and mixed connective tissue disease. It is less commonly seen in systemic lupus erythematosus, and is a rare clinical finding in rheumatoid arthritis. The diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension associated with the collagen vascular diseases mirror diagnosis and treatment for pulmonary hypertension of any etiology. Vasodilator therapy may play a particularly important role in patients with the isolated form of disease, which is most frequently associated with scleroderma.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Effect of fructose 1,6-diphosphate on exercise capacity in patients with peripheral vascular disease.

Exogenous fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP), a glycolytic intermediate, increases blood ATP and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate levels, facilitates the dissociation of oxygen from hemoglobin, and increases red blood cell flexibility. These mechanisms explain why it has been effective in enhancing energy production in a variety of ischemic conditions. The present study was undertaken to determine whether FDP could enhance oxygen supply and thus improve exercise performance in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Ten male patients (mean age 63 +/- 5 years) with peripheral vascular disease performed symptom-limited exercise testing after randomized, double blind infusion of either 200 mg/kg body weight FDP or placebo. Data were evaluated at rest, at a matched submaximal workload (2-3 MPH/0% grade), and at peak exercise, defined as the occurrence of moderately severe claudication. No differences were observed in heart rate, blood pressure, gas exchange data, time to the onset of claudication or peak exercise, or lactate and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate levels. In contrast to previous studies performed among patients with peripheral vascular disease and other studies using more severe hypoxic conditions, FDP did not affect the respiratory gas exchange or exercise capacity of patients with exertional claudication.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Hepatic vascular diseases: CT and MRI.

Continued development of CT and MRI techniques has allowed these modalities to detect most hepatic vascular diseases, often obviating more invasive tests. In this article, the techniques for hepatic vascular diagnosis are reviewed, with emphasis on spiral CT and two-dimensional MRI techniques, and then the major vascular diseases on which these two modalities have a significant diagnosing impact are considered.

Budd-Chiari Syndrome↗
PubMed1999

Pulmonary hypertension in collagen vascular disease.

Pulmonary hypertension associated with collagen vascular disease often eludes diagnosis, sometimes causing considerable morbidity or even death before being identified. This review details its characteristic clinical features, appropriate diagnostic and treatment approaches, and expected outcomes.

Collagen Diseases↗
PubMed1990

A double blind placebo controlled trial of intravenous prostacyclin (PGI2) in 108 patients with ischaemic peripheral vascular disease.

108 patients with ischemic peripheral vascular disease were randomly allocated to receive infusion of either PGI2 (6 ng/kg/min over 8 hours daily for 5 consecutive days) or placebo in a double-blind manner. All patients had Stage II disease (Fontaine classification). One month after infusion the absolute and relative walking times were significantly (p less than 0.05) longer in the PGI2- than in the placebo-treated group. Patients were further classified as treatment responders or non-responders on the basis of increase of absolute and relative walking times. After one month 44% (24 out of 54) of the PGI2- and 15% (8 out of 54) of the placebo-treated patients were positive treatment-responders (p less than 0.01).

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1988

New drug therapy in peripheral vascular disease.

New drug therapy for peripheral vascular disease includes the use of nifedipine or sympathetic blocking agents for Raynaud's phenomenon and the use of lower doses of warfarin to prevent recurrence of thromboembolic disease. In prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis, minidose heparin with or without dihydroergotamine and pneumatic boots are effective. Exercise regimens and the cessation of smoking remain the best therapy for intermittent claudication.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Tobacco. Its impact on vascular disease.

The role of smoking in vascular disease is multifactorial and complex. Research continues to further elucidate the mechanisms involved and advance treatment options. What remains clear throughout is that smoking cessation has multiple health benefits. In a recent public health projection study of mortality and disability by cause, tobacco use was marked as the potentially largest health problem to be expected in the year 2020. Although smoking cessation is not simple, in the years spanning 1993 to September 1997, 1720 articles were published under the key words "smoking cessation," reflecting the difficulty of this endeavor and lack of a satisfying answer to this health problem. Nonetheless, approaches to patient smoking cessation should be attempted by all physicians. A protocol for physicians to assist patients with smoking cessation from the National Cancer Institute can serve as a general guide (Fig. 3). Some of the programs available to assist patients in smoking cessation are listed in Table 7.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1996

Infectious agents and atherosclerotic vascular disease.

The pathological changes underlying occlusive vascular disease show considerable overlap with those caused by a range of infections. Particular viral and bacterial pathogens have long been suspected of playing a part, directly or indirectly, in the process leading to atherosclerosis. We review recent evidence of links between infections and ischaemic heart disease, particularly in the case of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Possible mechanisms for these associations are discussed.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1997

Use of colony-stimulating factors in the treatment of neutropenia associated with collagen vascular disease.

Chronic neutropenia associated with collagen vascular disease is seen principally with Felty's syndrome complicating rheumatoid arthritis. Multiple recent reports document the efficacy of both granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in reversing the neutropenia and decreasing the risk of infections in Felty's syndrome. Long-term use of G-CSF appears well tolerated and effective in Felty's syndrome. Of concern, however, have been flares of arthritis and development of leukocytoclastic vasculitis in several patients following the use of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) in Felty's syndrome. The incidence of these complications of CSF therapy appears to be greater in Felty's syndrome than in other disorders. Future studies will need to address the incidence of these side effects, evaluate strategies to reduce risks, and clarify the optimum use of CFSs in Felty's syndrome.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1990

[Obliterative peripheral retinal vascular disease in children].

Obliterative peripheral retinal vascular disease in children is a rare disease. Only 4 cases had been reported abroad. No case of this disease was reported in China before. This paper reported a 13-year-old girl suffering from this disease in both eyes. Neovascular glaucoma of her left eye has developed and that of her right eye was still in early stage. Fluorescein angiography changes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of the disease were discussed.

Adolescent↗