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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Dynamic studies on the mobility of trace elements in soil and sediment samples influenced by dumping of residues of the flood in the Mulde River region in 2002.

In the analysis of soil samples, batch sequential extraction procedures are traditionally used for the fractionation of trace elements to access their mobility and potential risk for the contamination of groundwater. In the present work a continuous-flow technique has been used that enables not only the fast and efficient leaching of trace elements but as well as time-resolved studies on the mobilization of arsenic and selected heavy metals in different forms to be made. Rotating coiled columns (RCC) earlier used mainly in countercurrent chromatography have been successfully applied to the dynamic leaching of heavy metals from soils contaminated by flooding sludge's. The sample was retained in a PTFE rotating column as the stationary phase whereas aqueous solutions were continuously pumped through. The contents of elements were determined by on-line coupling of RCC and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). This enables real-time data on the leaching process to be obtained. Dynamic and traditional batch procedures were compared. It has been shown that the aqueous elution under centrifugal forced conditions is much more effective for the mobilization of heavy metals. Hence, the dynamic leaching is characterized by a substantially more intensive interaction between solid and water and is besides substantially more time-saving than the conventional batch procedure. The RCC procedure was also employed for preliminary leaching studies with a simulated "acid rain". In comparison with the water leaching, the mobilization of heavy metals and arsenic from soil samples with employment of simulated acid rain as eluent was less effective.

Chemistry Techniques, Analytical↗
PubMed2006

The localisation and micro-mapping of copper and other trace elements in breast tumours using a synchrotron micro-XRF system.

Trace elements have critical roles in cancer biology. The quantity and distribution of the elements Cl, Ca, K, P, S, Ti, Fe, Cu and Zn in samples of primary breast cancer have been assessed. The samples were formalin fixed tissue specimens formatted as microarrays of cores 1.0 mm diameter and 10 microm thick each. The data were obtained using a synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe system. The spatial resolution of elemental maps was approximately 20 microm. Maps were compared with light transmission images of the samples and then the images were stained for cancer. The synchrotron system proved successful in producing data that could be mapped into high-resolution images where clear structure could be identified. Correlation of these distributions with the concentrations of cancer cells was achieved in some samples.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

Recent trends in atmospheric deposition of trace elements in Norway as evident from the 1995 moss survey.

Atmospheric trace element deposition in Norway has been evaluated by using data from a national moss survey from 1995, comprising 53 elements in 458 samples of the ground growing moss Hylocomium splendens. The results are compared with similar surveys carried out in 1977, 1985 and 1990 in order to evaluate temporal deposition trends. Atmospheric long-range transport (LRTP) from other parts of Europe is the main source for deposition of V, Zn, As, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Hg, Tl, Pb and Bi in Norway. Between 1977 and 1990 the levels of most of the LRTP elements monitored (V, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, Pb) were reduced by more than 50%. Between 1990 and 1995, no further decrease has been observed for any of the LRTP elements, except for Pb where a further reduction is evident. The most north-easterly part of Norway is exposed to high levels of Co, Ni and Cu from emission sources from the Kola peninsula, Russia and the levels have not changed significantly since 1977. A new ferro-chrome smelter at Mo i Rana, northern Norway has resulted in a substantially enhanced deposition of Cr in the surrounding area.

Air Pollution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Blood trace elements as an indicator of the degree of severity in radiation lesions].

Changes of selenium, chromium, antimony, silver, cobalt, rubidium, zinc, iron and bromine concentration in whole blood of Wistar rats were examined in early period after gamma irradiation by 3, 7.5 and 10 Gy. Level of these trace elements was measured by instrumental neutron activation and X-ray fluorescence analysis. Diagnostic and prognostic significance of some trace elements were established.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

[Thermodynamic of trace element mobilisation during coal combustion].

The thermodynamic equilibrium distributions of the trace elements nickel, chromium, mercury, arsenic, selenium and antimony between the condensed and gaseous phases were examined. Predictions were made using a comprehensive model of the various oxide and sulphide melt models, matte, salt and solid solution models. Three regimes for coal combustion were defined. The condensation sequence from the equilibrium gas phase at 1300 K was predicted on cooling by 10 K steps. The calculated results agree with published experimental results. The comprehensive model enhances the value of the predictions.

Chromium↗
PubMed1994

[Practical advice concerning biological fluids for analysis of trace-elements].

Sampling conditions are of utmost importance for the determination of trace elements in biological fluids. However, many biologists still underevaluate this critical step. This reports deals with collection of biological fluids from a routine point of view: detailed and careful descriptions of the contaminating role of air and the general handling of specimens are given in a practical and critical manner. The main commercial systems, made about needles, catheters, tubes (open and evacuated systems) and anticoagulants are reviewed. Choices and elementary rules, applicable in a hospital setting, are proposed.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1979

Instrumental analysis of trace elements in thumbnails of human subjects.

Human thumbnails were analyzed for trace elements by instrumental analysis using thermal neutron activation technique. The average concentration of metals studied in clinically symptom-free adult female and male subjects were: zinc, 184 vs. 153 ppm; chromium, 6.8 vs. 4.2; selenium, 0.9 vs. 0.6; gold, 2.6 vs. 0.4; mercury, 1.9 vs. 0.4; silver, 0.7 vs. 0.3; cobalt, 0.07 vs. 0.04. A summary of literature reported concentration of metals in human nail is also presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Analysis of trace elements and composition of protein in sika blood].

The levels of trace element and protein were determined in eight male sikas. The results revealed that the levels of phosphorus, zinc, copper, ferrin and manganese were 2.68 mmol/L, 51.3 mumol/L, 21.4 mumol/L, 255.6 mumol/L and 0.16 mumol/L respectively and which were significantly higher than the human normal values. Serum levels of albumin and globulin were 34.9 g/L and 35.5 g/L respectively. Among them, the level of gamma-globulin was the highest (25.2%) which was threefold than the human serum normal value. From the above results, sika blood has great value in medicinal use.

Albumins↗
PubMed1981

Determination of trace elements in human serum by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence.

A system of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) has been described to measure the concentrations of iron, copper, zinc, bromine, selenium and arsenic in human serum of healthy adults. Methods of sample preparations, standardization, and analysis have been presented. Data have been presented to show the accuracy, precision and sensitivity of the EDXRF system. The major advantages of using this system for the determination of trace elements in biological tissues are the relatively small sample size, ease of sample preparation, and the ability to perform rapid multi-element analysis on a single sample. The need for multi-element analysis has become apparent from the increased knowledge of trace element interactions in biological systems. The EDXRF system provides a solution for this need. Although the present system was applied only to the measurement of six elements, in principle the concentrations of V, Cr, Mn, Ni and Ti could also be routinely determined with improvements in technology and sensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Standard reference materials and data quality assurance in the biomedical analysis of trace elements.

Accurate and precise analytical data of the concentrations of bio-analytes in bioclinical studies are of fundamental importance. Quality assurance procedures should always be performed to check the overall analytical work. This can be conveniently performed if appropriate standard reference materials with known concentrations of the analyte object of study are available. This paper underlines the key points related to the production and use of biological standard materials for trace element analysis. In particular, the present situation in the field of trace element determination in human biological fluids and the related problems are illustrated. The considerations given in this work may contribute to the preparation of the new biomarker standard materials.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2002

Hepatic and renal concentrations of copper and other trace elements in hippopotami (Hippopotamus amphibius L) living in and adjacent to the Kafue and Luangwa Rivers in Zambia.

Hepatic and renal concentrations of the elements arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, selenium and zinc were studied in samples collected from hippopotami from the Kafue River in the Kafue National Park and the Luangwa River in the Southern Luangwa National Park in Zambia. There were no significant differences between trace element concentrations in the tissues of the hippopotami taken in the Kafue River and the Luangwa River. The concentrations of copper and other essential elements were similar to those reported in normal domestic and wild ruminants. Judging by the results obtained in this study, pollution from the mining activity around the Kafue River drainage area in the Copperbelt region has not led to any accumulation of elements in tissues of the hippopotami in the Kafue National Park. The trace element concentrations observed may serve as reference for similar future studies on hippopotami.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Clinical aspects of vitamin and trace element metabolism.

An adequate provision of all micronutrients, vitamins and essential trace elements is necessary for maintenance of normal tissue function. In patients requiring nutritional support, these factors are essential for optimal utilization of the major nutrients and play a role in all aspects of intermediary metabolism. In this chapter, some of the main features of the micronutrients have been described, together with suggestions regarding their provision enterally or parenterally. For most of these nutrients, diagnostic methods are not available to permit accurate assessment of status and hence the level of provision necessary for optimal results. However, there is now sufficient understanding of nutritional requirements such that few patients should now develop clinical or biochemical signs of under- or overprovision of micronutrients.

Avitaminosis↗
PubMed1991

Manganese, selenium and other trace elements in spinal cord, liver and bone in motor neurone disease.

Trace element levels were measured by neutron activation analysis in spinal cord, liver and bone of 7 control patients dying of non-neurological disease and 15 patients dying of motor neurone disease (MND). The concentration of selenium was significantly elevated in the cervical cord, liver and bone in the MND group. Although spinal cord manganese levels were increased at both the cervical and thoracic levels, the hepatic concentration was reduced in the MND patients. These findings are discussed in relation to current understanding of the pathogenesis of MND.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Effect of preparations combining trace-elements and vitamins on the frequency of illness among children attending kindergarten].

Between 17 January and 16 April 2000, 37 children attending a kindergarten were treated with MultiTabs masticatory tablets, product containing vitamins and trace elements. 36 children attending the same kindergarten served as controls. Only 1 of the children participating in this multivitamin treatment required antibiotic treatment during this period, in contrast with 12 of the control group (3 of them on more than 1 occasion). It was interesting that, when they came into contact with subjects with chickenpox, only 11 of the 37 vitamin-treated children contracted this disease (the contagiosity index of which otherwise exceeds 90%). The increase in height of the treated children was significantly greater than that for the controls. Similarly between 17 January and 16 April 2000, 20 children younger than 2 years (average age 16.6 +/- 5.5 months) participated in treatment with ACD drops (containing vitamins A, C and D). The controls here were 20 infants of similar age (average 21.3 +/- 4.2 months) who participated in the traditional vitamin D treatment. None of the members of either group took part in child-community activities, but they all had siblings who attended kindergarten. Of the children receiving the ACD drops, 8 fell ill during the period in question, as compared with 12 of the controls. The number of days of illness per child was on average 3.6 in the treated group, and 6.5 in the control group. Three of the children receiving the ACD drops required antibiotic treatment, whereas this was necessary in 6 of the control children. The increases in both height and weight were significantly higher for those treated with the ACD drops than for the controls. No signs of rickets were observed in either group. The authors discuss the roles of the vitamins (A, D, E, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, folic acid and nicotinic acid) and trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, I, Se and Cr) present in the multivitamin masticatory tablets in the maintence of human vital processes, and primarily in antioxidant processes and in the immune defence.

Body Height↗
PubMed1994

Plasma trace elements concentrations in trained subjects after exposure to hypokinesia and daily hyperhydration.

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of a daily intake of fluid and salt supplementation (FSS) on blood plasma trace elements concentrations in physically healthy volunteers after exposure to 364 d of hypokinesia (decreased number of steps per day). The studies were performed after exposure to 364 d of Hypokinesia (HK) on 30 long-distance runners of volunteers who had a VO2 max 67 mL/kg/min and were ranging in the age of 19-24 yrs. Prior to their exposure to HK all volunteers were on an average of 10,000 steps/d. For the simulation of the hypokinetic effect the volunteers were kept under an average of 3000 steps/d. All volunteers were divided into three equal groups. The first group of volunteers subjected to HK and received daily FSS (water 26 mL/kg body wt and sodium chloride 0.16 g/kg body wt.), the second groups of volunteers submitted only to HK, and the third group of volunteers underwent a normal ambulatory life and served as control. The content of manganese, calcium, magnesium, iron, lead, copper, tin, nickel, zinc and cobalamine were determined in blood plasma of volunteers. By the end of the hypokinetic period the blood plasma concentration of microelements increased significantly in the hypokinetic subjects (second group), whereas in the hyperhydrated subjects (first group) decreased. It was concluded that prolonged restriction of motor activity induced significant increases in blood trace elements concentrations whereas daily hyperhydration had a normalizing effect on their concentration in blood plasma. This indicates that daily hyperhydration may be used to normalize blood plasma concentrations of micro-elements in physically healthy volunteers subjected to prolonged restriction of motor activity.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Comparative studies of atmospheric trace elements: improvements in air quality near a copper smelter.

Measurements of trace element concentrations, including heavy metals in the atmosphere near a copper smelter in Port Kembla, New South Wales, have shown improvements in air quality, attributed mainly to modernisation of the plant, with more than 85% decrease (for each element) in airborne Cr, Zn, Se, Ag, Cd, Sb, Au and Pb, associated with 74% reduction in Cu concentration. This data was obtained by analysis of air particulate sampled in 2001-2002 for comparison with measurements at the same location in 1978. As expected, measurements of Na and Cl derived from the marine aerosol at this coastal location showed no corresponding change. The recent analysis of air particulate shows significant correlations between the monthly concentrations of Cu, Zn, Se, Ag and Pb, associated with industry, hence giving a high enrichment in airborne particulate by reference to the element/Sc ratios in 'average' soil. These enrichments, shown by heavy metals in particular, were two orders of magnitude greater than the values recorded in the atmosphere of rural areas; however, it is clear that air quality at Port Kembla is much improved and predominantly related to the modernisation of the smelter.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1983

Trace elements in human seminal plasma and spermatozoa.

Methodologies for the analysis of cadmium, copper, iron, lead, selenium and zinc in human seminal plasma and spermatozoa have been developed. Analyses were made directly in a dilution of seminal plasma or nitric acid digest of lyophilized cells using Zeeman-effect atomic absorption spectroscopy. Within-run coefficients of variation (CV's) for pooled specimens ranged from 0.5% to 9%. Between-run CV's ranged from 4% to 13%. Analysis of a seminal plasma specimen at 1/2, 1, 1 1/2, 3 1/2 and 5 hours post emission indicated that no change in seminal plasma trace element concentrations occurred on standing in contact with spermatozoa. Trace element concentrations were determined in specimens from patients undergoing infertility studies.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1999

Radionuclides and trace elements in fish collected upstream and downstream of Los Alamos National Laboratory and the doses to humans from the consumption of muscle and bone.

The purpose of this study was to determine radionuclide and trace element concentrations in bottom-feeding fish (catfish, carp, and suckers) collected from the confluences of some of the major canyons that cross Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) lands with the Rio Grande (RG) and the potential radiological doses from the ingestion of these fish. Samples of muscle and bone (and viscera in some cases) were analyzed for 3H, 90Sr, 137Cs, totU, 238Pu, 239,240Pu, and 241Am and Ag, As, Ba, Be, Cr, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, and Tl. Most radionuclides, with the exception of 90Sr, in the muscle plus bone portions of fish collected from LANL canyons/RG were not significantly (p < 0.05) higher from fish collected upstream (San Ildefonso/background) of LANL. Strontium-90 in fish muscle plus bone tissue significantly (p < 0.05) increases in concentration starting from Los Alamos Canyon, the most upstream confluence (fish contained 3.4E-02 pCi g-1 [126E-02 Bq kg-1]), to Frijoles Canyon, the most downstream confluence (fish contained 14E-02 pCi g-1 [518E-02 Bq kg-1]). The differences in 90Sr concentrations in fish collected downstream and upstream (background) of LANL, however, were very small. Based on the average concentrations (+/- 2SD) of radionuclides in fish tissue from the four LANL confluences, the committed effective dose equivalent from the ingestion of 46 lb (21 kg) (maximum ingestion rate per person per year) of fish muscle plus bone, after the subtraction of background, was 0.1 +/- 0.1 mrem y-1 (1.0 +/- 1.0 microSv y-1), and was far below the International Commission on Radiological Protection (all pathway) permissible dose limit of 100 mrem y-1 (1000 microSv y-1). Of the trace elements that were found above the limits of detection (Ba, Cu, and Hg) in fish muscle collected from the confluences of canyons that cross LANL and the RG, none were in significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations than in muscle of fish collected from background locations.

Animals↗