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PubMed1975

Six years of fluoridation on the goldfields of Western Australia.

The Kalgoorlie-Boulder-Kambalda area in arid inland Western Australia receives its water supply from distant Perth, through a pipeline constructed in the fabulous goldrush period at the turn of the century. This water was fluoridated at the source in 1968. Comparison of dental data obtained by examination of goldfields schoolchildren before and after 6 years of fluoridation shows improved dental health through reduced caries rates, less tooth loss, and a change in the pattern of child dental care.

Australia↗
PubMed1990

Titanium implant anchorage in orthodontic treatment an experimental investigation in monkeys.

Tooth loss can be a problem when orthodontic appliances have to be stabilized for treatment. It has been shown that endosseous titanium implants are well integrated during treatment of edentulous patients with intra-osseous anchored bridges. In the present investigation titanium implants were inserted immediately after tooth extraction. After tissue-integration of the implants they were successfully used for anchorage when orthodontic treatment was performed. In a clinical situation the implants may simultaneously be used for reconstruction of the bite.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1994

Premature exfoliation of teeth in childhood and adolescence.

Although the premature loss of primary teeth in conjunction with early eruption may be of no clinical significance, the loss of primary or permanent teeth in the absence of trauma should not be overlooked by the clinician. Premature loss of teeth associated with systemic disease usually results from some change in the immune system or connective tissue. This chapter presented some conditions associated with loosening and/or premature loss of teeth that may be encountered in children and adolescents. The most common of these conditions appear to be hypophosphatasia and early-onset periodontitis. Other less common conditions were described to aid in forming a differential diagnosis. Other diseases that may manifest with severe oral infection, such as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, diabetes mellitus, or herpes zoster, could result in early tooth loss.

Acrodynia↗
PubMed1999

Longitudinal occlusal changes from primary to permanent dentition in children with normal primary occlusion.

This purpose of this research was to examine the stability of normal occlusion during the transition from primary to permanent dentition. The sample consisted of 128 children (83 boys and 45 girls) 4.5 to 5.5 years old with normal occlusion in the primary dentition. The subjects were reexamined at 12.5 to 13.5 years. None had received orthodontic treatment. Although all the subjects had normal occlusion in the primary dentition, 72.7% (73.5% boys and 71.1% girls) had developed anomalies following eruption of the permanent teeth. These anomalies included crowding, Class II Division 1 or Class II Division 2 malocclusion, mesial occlusion complex, lateral crossbite, anterior crossbite, premature tooth loss, openbite or other anomalies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Periodontosis in sibs.

Periodontosis is an idiopathic degeneration of the periodontium which results in migration and loss of teeth. The disease begins in the regions of the incisors and first molars. Late in the disease, other areas of the dental arches may be involved. The gingivae are not initially inflamed, and there are no associated systemic abnormalities. Local irritants cannot account for the marked alveolar destruction which leads to the tooth loss. Several heritable syndromes and periodontitis also may be associated with alveolar bone destruction. Periodontosis can be differentiated each of these on the basis of negative laboratory tests, lack of associated anomalies, distinctive pattern of bone loss and timing of onset of gingival inflammation. A family in which periodontosis was present in three of six sibs and in which ichthyosis was segregating independently of periodontosis is reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Dental treatment: utilization, motivation and prevention. A behavioural study of why people seek dental care.

Fears of over-production of dentists in South Africa may be unfounded as less than 30 per cent of the population attend for preventive dental treatment (PDT). This study was undertaken to ascertain what motivates a person to seek PDT. The sample population consisted of 107 members of the Vanderbijlpark Medical Benefit Fund. Data gathered from questionnaires led to the following results. A belief in the benefits to be derived from dental treatment when combined with a belief in the seriousness of the consequences of dental disease, as well as when these two variables are combined with a belief in one's own susceptibility to dental disease, all significantly influence making a preventive dental visit (PDV). To promote acceptance of PDT efforts should be directed towards three areas: firstly information must be propagated to show people that they will be severely handicapped by the loss of their natural teeth and that dentures are a poor substitute. Secondly, the benefit of dental treatment should be pointed out, with the emphasis that fillings do last and, therefore, are not a waste of money. Thirdly, the fatalistic attitude which exists towards dental decay and tooth loss should be changed so that people realize that they can keep their teeth all their life. Due to the heterogeneity of the population the needs, demands and attitudes of each socio-economic and ethnic group should be ascertained before promoting any preventive programme.

Dental Health Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Osseointegrated dental implants as alternative therapy to bridge construction or orthodontics in young patients: seven years of clinical experience.

Young patients often require fixed bridgework or orthodontic therapy in cases of traumatic tooth loss or congenitally missing teeth. Dental implants represent an alternative to the more conventional treatment methods. We report positive experience over a seven-year period with 42 titanium Ha-Ti implants in 34 patients aged 9 to 18 years. Fourteen implants were placed into prepared tooth sockets immediately after traumatic luxation of anterior teeth in 12 patients aged 9 to 18 years (median age 16). An additional 22 patients (median age 15.5, range 11 to 18) also received implants (N = 28), but these were placed only after healing of extraction sites, or as substitutes for congenitally missing teeth. Implants remained in situ for an average of 7.7 months before loading. During the healing period, three implants were lost due to additional trauma and one became infected. The 38 remaining implants osseointegrated and since have been loaded for five to 79 months in successful function. There was no difference between immediate and delayed implants in clinical success. These experiences demonstrate that appropriate, versatile, osseointegrated implants can provide a successful treatment method for young patients, without damaging adjacent teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

A potential link between oral status and hearing impairment: preliminary observations.

Some previous studies suggest an association between tooth loss and hearing loss. The aim of this study is to assess the relation between oral status and hearing acuity. Forty-eight patients (mean age: 64.7 years) were allocated to four groups: one was wearing complete dentures in both jaws, another had shortened dental arches, a third had full dental arches in both jaws and the last lacked any occlusal stops (i.e. no occlusal vertical dimension, because of the absence of teeth or occlusal pairs). Audiological testing was performed in a noise-free chamber. Air and bone conduction were checked at different frequencies and the air-bone gap was determined. After correction for age and gender, a difference in air and bone conduction because of the oral status was found for low and for high frequencies while no significant differences were (P < 0.05) found for the air-bone gap. The number of teeth, number of occluding tooth pairs and presence or lack of occlusal vertical dimension, was significantly related to the gradient of hearing loss (P < 0.05). The discrepancy in hearing loss between complete denture wearers and patients without any occlusal vertical dimension, strengthens the hypothesis that it is the lack of the latter that is associated with hearing loss. At what level hearing loss occurs, needs further investigation.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of endodontic failures: case selection and treatment modalities.

General dentists should realize that endodontic failures can be retreated successfully, avoiding tooth loss. Retreatment of endodontic failure and initial root canal therapy share similar biologic principles and treatment objectives. The criteria for successful root canal therapy are important factors that must be understood before teeth are retreated. This article demonstrates three retreatment modalities for managing endodontic failures as an alternative to tooth extraction.

Dental Restoration Failure↗
PubMed1999

MMP-mediated events in diabetes.

Both Type I and Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) have been associated with unusually aggressive periodontitis. Accordingly, rat models of both types of DM were used to study (i) mechanisms mediating this systemic/local interaction and (ii) new pharmacologic approaches involving a series of chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs) that have lost their antimicrobial but retained their host-modulating (e.g., MMP-inhibitory) properties. In vitro experiments on tissues from Type I DM rats demonstrated that several of these CMTs were better matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors than was antibacterial doxycycline (doxy), except for CMT-5, which, unlike the other MMP inhibitors, was found not to react with zinc. Data from in vivo studies on the same rat model generally supported the relative efficacy of these compounds: the CMTs and doxy were found to inhibit MMP activity, enzyme expression, and alveolar bone loss. To examine other long-term complications such as nephropathy and retinopathy, a Type II (ZDF) model of DM was studied. Treatment of these DM rats with CMT-8 produced a 37% (p < 0.05), 93% (p < 0.001), and 50% (p < 0.01) reduction in the incidence of cataract development, proteinuria, and tooth loss, respectively; whereas the doxy-treated ZDF rats showed little or no effect on these parameters. CMT treatment decreased mortality of the Type II ZDF diabetic animals, clearly indicating that CMTs, but not commercially available antibiotic tetracyclines (TCs), may have therapeutic applications for the long-term management of diabetes.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1998

Documenting the changing face of New Zealand.

This paper reviews the major descriptive dental epidemiological surveys that have taken place in New Zealand, and discusses the role of Dr TW Cutress in their initiation, organisation, and implementation. The study that has had the major impact was the 1976 Survey of Adult Oral Health, which had two main findings. First, teenagers had a high number of restored teeth, little untreated decay, and few extractions of permanent teeth, regardless of social or ethnic group. Second was the high rate of extraction of permanent teeth in adults. The survey findings created debate and intense activity in dental circles. A second national study, the World Health Organization's Study of Oral Health Outcomes, demonstrated that, by 1988, oral health had improved in all age groups. In the space of a little over a decade, the population had gone from having one of the highest levels of dental disease to a low disease level in children and marked reductions in tooth loss in adults. A further national survey is recommended to take place in the year 2000.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Partial edentulism, prosthetic treatment and oral function in a Dutch population.

The aim of this study was to gain a better insight into the location and frequency of prosthetic replacements and the consequences of tooth loss on oral function. The sample, stratified according to socio-economic class and age, consisted of 750 subjects. The investigation was done by questionnaire and clinical examination. In the lower social levels the percentage of removable prostheses was lower than in the higher levels. An average of 60% of all open tooth spaces were not prosthetically restored. In the lower jaw 1 to 3 free-end spaces were completed with removable partial dentures (RPD). The present study did not support a relationship between missing teeth or number of contacting pairs and the functioning of the dentition. The distribution of antagonistic contacts in the dental arch seems to be of more importance.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Changing occlusal variation in Pima Amerinds.

Occlusal variables and arch measurements have been recorded on 341 Pima Amerinds pertaining to two samples, one of older individuals raised on traditional diets, the other of younger individuals raised on refined commercial foods that are typical of modern urbanized people. Permanent dental occlusion is significantly more variable from defined ideals in the younger sample, despite their fewer deformities resulting from progressive aging. The youths had relatively narrower palates, correlating with a general trend among industrialized populations and also among experimental animals fed soft diets. Relative rate of deciduous tooth loss and replacement did not correlate with any occlusal variable.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Relation of traumatized permanent anterior teeth to occlusion and lip condition.

A comparative epidemiologic study on traumatized permanent anterior teeth was conducted on 6090 Iraqi and 3507 Sudanese primary schoolchildren. A significant relationship was found between the severity of trauma to protrusion of maxillary incisors and amount of lip coverage in Iraqis and a similar tendency was observed for the Sudanese. In a comparison between the two population groups the frequency of traumatized permanent maxillary incisors with greater tooth loss (types 3 + 4) were significantly higher in Iraqi than in Sudanese children with protrusion and inadequate lip coverage.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Skeletal changes in hemochromatosis of Salers cattle.

Hemochromatosis is an inherited defect in Salers cattle, characterized by increased iron absorption and wasting in young animals. Loss of teeth and soft bones has been reported. This study details bone changes in a prospective study of an affected Salers heifer and an age-matched, half-sibling control. The heifer fell 2 weeks before euthanasia, developed non-weight bearing lameness, and then became recumbent. At necropsy, the heifer was smaller than the control and had fractures of the humerus, femur, and ribs. Distinctive circumferential laminations in the outer third of the cortex were seen radiographically as layers of variably decreased density. In midshaft cross sections, the cortex was wider in some long bones, and fluorescent labeling revealed irregular and intermittent mineralization in the outer cortical layers. Mineral apposition rates in osteons of the inner cortex were decreased as compared with the control, and longitudinal bone formation at the growth plate was markedly decreased. Histologically, there were buried layers of osteopenic, poorly mineralized plexiform bone in outer circumferential lamellae. There was stainable iron in woven bone cores of the matrix. Iron was found in occasional osteoclasts as well. The mandible was severely affected, with loss of cortical bone as well as trabecular bone around the teeth and resorption of dental roots. Bone analysis revealed iron levels in the affected calf that were 30-50 times greater than the control and decreased percent ash in the outer cortex. These results indicate that periosteal dysplasia and osteopenia are responsible for pathologic fractures and tooth loss.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Fabrication and strategic significance of a special resin composite splint in advanced periodontitis.

The usefulness of splinting of severely loosened teeth in advanced periodontitis has been discussed extensively, both positively and negatively. Retention of patients own teeth through the aid of this simple and inexpensive resin composite splint provides a satisfactory solution for many affected patients. The fabrication and placement techniques for splints for the anterior and posterior regions are described, as are additional indications for such splints, which are fabricated from resin composite and glass fiber bundles. Such splinting can be provided even for severely loosened, periodontally diseased teeth without danger of intraoperative tooth loss. Long-term retention of such teeth can be ensured only through a risk-oriented postoperative program of oral hygiene and regular examination of the splint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The influences of fear, anxiety, and depression on the patient's adaptive responses to complete dentures. Part I.

Loss and body image can result in anxiety, depression, or both and can affect a patient's adaptive capacity to accept edentulism and complete dentures. A specific classification system has been presented to identify responses by individuals who are made edentulous. Three types of maladaptive responses are considered as probable consequences of fear, anxiety, and depression associated with tooth loss and complete dentures. In maladaptive class 1, the patient adapts physically but is maladaptive psychologically; thus suffering some impairment of the quality of life. In maladaptive class 2, the so-called "difficult patient" is maladaptive physically and psychologically and keeps the doctor involved technically and emotionally for a protracted period of time. The maladaptive class 3 patient collapses with the loss of teeth. Physical and emotional maladaptibility is accompanied by much suffering and social withdrawal.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

The effect of health beliefs on the compliance of periodontal patients with oral hygiene instructions.

Problems of patient compliance in periodontics are evident. This study explored factors which may contribute to the degree of adherence. Using the "Health Belief Model" a questionnaire was constructed and administered to 120 patients of the Department of Periodontology, University of Frankfurt Dental School. Compliance of these patients during the hygienic phase was assessed using a bleeding index. The data set for statistical evaluation comprised 96 patients. The loss was due to missing of appointments and incomplete questionnaires. There was no significant correlation between patient compliance on the one hand and sociodemographic variables (age, sex, family status), disease parameters, and the health beliefs "susceptibility," "barriers," "dentist-patient-relationship," and "experience with therapy" on the other hand. "Motivation," "seriousness," "benefits," "experience with affected organ," and tooth-loss-index were significant predictors with Spearman correlation coefficients running from 0.17 to 0.32. When the predictor variables were combined the coefficient was 0.59. This study further supports the assumption that health beliefs play a significant role in the determination of health related behavior.

Adult↗