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PubMedDate not supplied

The use of interactive technology in the classroom.

This article discusses the benefits that clinical laboratory science students and instructors experienced through the use of and integration of computer technology, microscopes, and digitizing cameras. Patient specimens were obtained from the participating clinical affiliates, slides stained or wet mounts prepared, images viewed under the microscope, digitized, and after labeling, stored into an appropriate folder. The individual folders were labeled as Hematology, Microbiology, Chemistry, or Urinalysis. Students, after obtaining the necessary specimens and pertinent data, created case study presentations for class discussions. After two semesters of utilizing videomicroscopy/computer technology in the classroom, students and instructors realized the potential associated with the technology, namely, the vast increase in the amount of organized visual and scientific information accessible and the availability of collaborative and interactive learning to complement individualized instruction. The instructors, on the other hand, were able to provide a wider variety of visual information on individual bases. In conclusion, the appropriate use of technology can enhance students' learning and participation. Increased student involvement through the use of videomicroscopy and computer technology heightened their sense of pride and ownership in providing suitable information in case study presentations. Also, visualization provides students and educators with alternative methods of teaching/learning and increased retention of information.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗

PubMed1999

[Conditions for introduction and financing of new technologies].

Introduction and application of new technologies in the Dutch health care system will be less straightforward in the future than they were in the past. The pressure to contain health care expenditure has increased, also because of European agreements about adequate financing of collective spending. This will make initiators and producers of new technologies more critical towards technologies currently in development and urge them to specifically introduce technologies with a relatively favourable cost effectiveness profile. Whether new technologies will be used to a large extent will increasingly depend on the parties in health care at the regional and practice levels, who will assume a more important role in resource allocation in health care. On the other hand, they will be made more accountable for their decisions and will have to demonstrate their contribution to efficiency in health care.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗

PubMed1999

The diffusion of new medical technologies in the private sector of the U.K. health care system.

Eleven percent of the U.K. population holds private health care insurance, and 2.2 billion Pounds are spent annually in the acute sector of private health care. Although isolated from policy discussions about new medical technology in the National Health Service, the private sector encounters these interventions regularly. During 18 months in one company, a new medical technology was encountered on average every week; 59 leading edge technologies were submitted for authorization (18 on multiple occasions). There are certain constraints on purchasers of health care in the private sector in dealing with new technology; these include fragmentation of the sector, differing rationalities within companies about limitations on eligibility of new procedures while competing for business, the role and expertise of the medical adviser, and demands of articulate customers. A proactive approach by the private sector to these challenges is hampered by its independence. Poor communication between the public and private sectors, and the lack of a more inclusive approach to policy centrally, undermine the rational diffusion and use of new medical technology in the U.K. health care system.

Communication↗

PubMed2000

Alteration to will as an experience of technology and nursing.

This paper presents one finding to arise from a recent qualitative research study that examined ways of understanding technology in surgical nursing, and examines its implications for nursing and health care practice. Although the research reported identified eight qualitatively different ways of understanding technology, this paper examines the specific experience that technology can alter will (volition). The experience described is a new area of knowledge and is in need of further examination and research. Nonetheless, it is significant to understanding technology, contemporary nursing practice and the provision of health care services. The paper concludes with some suggested approaches for curtailing the experience and a discussion related to challenges that arise from the finding that technology can alter the free will of nurses.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2000

Leveraging technology for success.

Many new information systems, technologies, and inventions promise significant benefit and value. Balancing the ever-increasing technology demands and their related expense with provision of high quality cost-effective patient care is one of today's significant organizational challenges. When appropriately deployed, Information Technology can support organizations in achieving their competitive leverage, market position, quality patient care, and efficient operations. This article presents an overview of the impact of new and emerging technologies, and suggests ways organizations can successfully leverage information systems and technology.

Community Participation↗

PubMed2000

Ownership, competition, and the adoption of new technologies and cost-saving practices in a fixed-price environment.

Advances in medical technology have been implicated as the primary cause of rising health care expenditures. It is not yet known whether the increasing prevalence of managed care mechanisms, particularly capitation, will change substantially incentives for acquiring and using cost-increasing innovations. We examined the decisions of dialysis units (a set of providers that has faced capitation and real decreases in payment for several decades) with respect to use of cost-increasing technologies that enhance quality of care, cost-cutting practices that reduce quality of care, and amenities desired by patients that are unrelated to quality of care. We found that the dialysis payment system does not appear to have blocked access to a number of new, quality-enhancing technologies that were developed in the 1980s. However, facilities made adjustments along other valuable margins to facilitate adoption of these technologies; use of new technologies varied with numerous facility, regulatory, and case-mix characteristics including ownership, chain membership, size, market competition, and certificate of need programs. Interestingly, the trade-offs made by for-profit and nonprofit facilities when faced with fixed prices appeared quite different. For-profits tended to deliver lower technical quality of care but more amenities, while nonprofits favored technical quality of care over amenities. Our findings may have implications for the response of other types of health care providers to capitation and increasing economic constraints.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Medical technology assessment: the use of the analytic hierarchy process as a tool for multidisciplinary evaluation of medical devices.

Most types of medical technology assessment are performed only after the technology has been developed. Consequently, they have only minor effects on changes in clinical practice. Our study introduces a new method of constructive medical technology assessment that can change the development and diffusion of a medical device to improve its later clinical effectiveness. The method, based on Saaty's Analytic Hierarchy Process, quantitatively supports discussions between various parties involved in technological development and diffusion. We applied this method in comparing a new blood pump with two competitors based on technical, medical and social requirements. These discussions changed the evaluators' perspectives, reduced diasagreements, and ended in a reliable evaluation of the pump's performance. On the basis of these results, adaptations were derived which improved the design and diffusion of the blood pump. This application shows the adequate potential of our method to steer technological development and diffusion of artificial organs.

Decision Making↗

PubMed2000

The ethics of advanced technology.

Clinicians are faced with the consequences of advanced technology in every aspect of their practice--from computerized documentation to local wound care treatments to clarifying information located by patients on the Internet. Americans are preoccupied with the promise of new and different technologies. The technological imperative describes the human drive to use technology once it becomes available simply because it is available. This raises a number of patient care issues--including ethical issues. Nonmaleficence and respect for personal autonomy are addressed in this ethical analysis of advanced technology. Opportunities for wound care clinicians are discussed herein.

Ethics, Medical↗

PubMed2002

[Technological advances: the coming radiology].

We are living in a changing world, acknowledging all kinds of changes: social, technological, and ethical. This is the environment encircling medical and radiological work: demanding, with high expectations and a cohort of amazing technological advances, in all areas of human knowledge. We need to make the necessary reflections about these faster and faster changes. Radiology, as an important part of clinical work, is facing no minor challenges: technological and other most prevalent like: Who will be specialists in the next future? How are we prepared to face the radiological teaching and formation of radiologists? How to finance this technological developments? Meanwhile, in our context of an underdeveloped country, this sounds as far as the Moon, but changes will reach us sooner or later. We must resolve some problems that are a little bit more basic, such as a good level of education and health care for our people, then we will be ready to incorporate some of these amazing new technologies.

Humans↗

PubMed2002

Negotiating payment for new technology purchases.

The use of new technology in an existing healthcare service can have a far-reaching impact on a hospital's financial health. An understanding of the financial impact of a service before new technology is added is helpful in preparing to negotiate for appropriate payment for the new technology. The indirect financial impact of new technology on related and unrelated healthcare services should be projected for use in managed care negotiations. Managed care payers seek proof of immediate savings when deciding on payment increases for new technology.

Capital Expenditures↗

PubMed1997

[Technological study on the supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction of Curcuma longa oils].

This paper first reports technological study on the extraction of Curcuma longa oils by supercritical-CO2 fluid, mainly studies the influence of pressure, temperature, flow rate of CO2 and time on the yield of the oils, determines optimum technology of extracting the oils, analyzes chemical constituents extracted, compares the oils from SFE-CO2 and SD technology, studies industrial test on the SF-CO2 extraction. The results shows pressure and temperature are more important factors of influence; the optimum technological condition is the extracted pressure 25 MPa and temperature 45 degrees C, isolated pressure I 12.5 MPa and temperature I 60 degrees C, isolated pressure II 6MPa and temperature II 38 degrees C, CO2 flow rate 9 Kg/Kg.h, and extracted time 2 h; the constituents from SFE-CO2 and SD methods are identical, but their content has some difference; SFE-CO2 technology is better than that of SD, which is high yield shorter time, etc.; the industrial production of the oils with SFE-CO2 method is available.

Carbon Dioxide↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Opinions of a group of university students about science and technology].

OBJECTIVE: To learn the opinions of university students of four different areas on the impact of science and technology on society. SUBJECTS: One Hundred and sixty three close to graduate students of the Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana campus Iztapalapa, distributed as follows: Administration 59, Biology 50, Social Sciences 36 and Engineering 18. METHODS: For the survey we translated into spanish part of a questionnaire employed in several countries to explore ideas on the impact of science and technology on society of several groups. It contained general questions such as. Do you believe that science and technology are equally good or bad to society, or degree of knowledge of several technologies such as computation or in vitro fertilization. It includes also more specific questions, such as would your have problems with the use of genetically modified vegetables? RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The results suggested that Administration and Social Sciences students had less interest in Science and Technology than the other, and that in general, the knowledge of all students is rather limited including biotechnology, genetic enginering and gene therapy. We compared the results with those obtained previously in a group of Mexican Physicians and Biology students from India, Thailand and Singapor.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed2003

Untangling home care's Gordion knot. The Home Care Information Management and Technology Forum.

As home care and hospice technological tools have evolved over the past six years, there have been no efforts to standardize the collection, storage, and reporting of data among different systems. The rapid pace of technological change, increased use of wireless and remote technology, a greater reliance on tools for collaboration and networking, and the ever-increasing regulatory burden on home care and hospice providers have resulted in the need for polices and procedures for the standardization of data across the industry. Agency administrators, already strapped for cash and time, need to know what technology investments they need to make now in order to remain competitive in the future. The National Association for Home Care & Hospice has created a forum to address these concerns and to develop a blueprint for the future development of home care and hospice technology.

Advisory Committees↗

PubMed2003

The human element of advanced technology.

Human beings are uniquely endowed with the power and desire to manipulate the world around them. Although this drive has been present throughout the ages, today vast sources of knowledge provide a means to create products of advanced technology unlike any before in recorded history. Humankind is driven to control the human condition ie, the inherent tragedies of life. Yet, from their inception, human technological creations have the potential to lead to tragic ends. Some contend this is because of the ever-present human element within the products of advanced technology. The human factor inherent in advanced technology is reviewed with attention to the risks and benefits therein. Current case studies are presented. The ethical principle of informed consent is presented within the context of risks and benefits of advanced technology.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Overcoming technology mistakes.

You do not always need to purchase the very best technology for every situation. Dentists spend a great deal of time trying to find out from gurus and experts which technology is the best. I personally believe that it is far more important to acquire technologies that will integrate into your office properly, provide you with a solid return on investment, and make you productive and profitable rather than simply acquiring the best technologies available. The best method for achieving this objective is the development and implementation of a well-thought out and properly researched technology plan.

Efficiency, Organizational↗

PubMed2003

Investigating consumer attitudes towards the new technology of urine separation.

The technology of urine separation and the recycling of anthropogenic nutrients as fertilizer in agriculture are considered as major innovations to improve the sustainability of today's urban wastewater management. The acceptance of consumers will be key for the introduction of the new technology. Citizens will have to make important decisions in their role as tenants and owners of houses and as consumers buying products fertilized with urine. Consumer attitudes towards the new technology were explored in a number of citizen focus groups in Switzerland. Focus groups are deliberate, moderated group discussions with informed citizens on a certain topic. The information was provided by a computer based information system specifically designed for this purpose. The acceptance of individual citizens for the new technology proved to be quite high. The majority of the citizens expressed their willingness to move into an apartment with NoMix toilets and to buy food fertilized with urine. However, they were not willing to accept additional financial costs or efforts. Arguments related to long-term sustainability (closing nutrient cycles) were of less importance than arguments that relate directly to the effects of micropollutants on human and ecosystem health. For the introduction of the new technology on a wide scale it will thus be crucial to explore the fate and effects of micropollutants.

Agriculture↗

PubMed2003

[Historical study of separation technology innovation in the field of pharmaceutical science].

The separation of organic compounds has been carried out using the method of distillation and recrystallization since the 17th century.1st separation technology innovation (1950s to 1960s). After World War II, the science of separating organic compounds evolved to the use of paper or column chromatography. 2nd separation technology innovation (1960s to 1980s). In the 1960s, thin-layer chromatograpy (TLC) was developed. TLC is a convenient analytical technique for organic compounds. Separation methods for organic compounds using column chromatography and preparative TLC were carried out as practical applications. Gas chromatography (GC) was also introduced in the 1960s. GC is a useful analytical method for a mixture of various volatile organic compounds. Many GC instruments with new kinds of sensors were developed. Gas chromatography of nonbenzenoid organometallic compounds and metal complexes was successfully conducted by the author. 3rd separation technology innovation (1980s to 1990s). In the 1980s, high-performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC) was developed. HPLC analytical methods were useful for various kinds of organic compounds. In the 1990s, LC-MS and LC-NMR instruments were introduced for biomedical products. 4th separation technology innovation (1990s to present). Several new ionization methods for mass-spectrometry (electrospray, matrix-aided lazer desorption ionization, etc) are applied for proteins and biomedical products. Several new separation technologies (supercritical field chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, field-flow fractionization, etc.) are now being developed.

History, 20th Century↗

PubMed2003

[Technological development: a weak link in vaccine innovation in Brazil].

In very recent years, the federal government has launched important initiatives mean to strengthen science, technology, and innovation in Brazil and thus enhance the results of technological innovation in key areas of the country's economy. Yet these initiatives have not been enough to reduce Brazil's heavy dependence on goods and technology from more developed nations. The article describes the current state of vaccination, production, and technological development of vaccines both internationally and nationally. Some thoughts are also offered on the complexity of vaccine innovation and the various stages whose completion is essential to the whole process of technological development. An analysis is made of the parameters and factors involved in each stage; technical requirements for facilities and equipment; good manufacturing practice guidelines; organizational, infrastructural, and managerial needs; and the lengthy time periods adn high costs entailed in these activities.

Brazil↗